4-丙烯酰氧基-1，2，2，6，6-五甲基哌啶醇酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶液光共聚合的竞聚率和序列分布研究

在紫外光辐照下，采用溶液聚合获得了4-丙烯酰氧基．1，2，2，6，6-五甲基哌啶醇酯（APMP）（M1）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）（M2）的共聚物，用’H-NMR测定了单体摩尔比分别为10／90，30／70，50／50，70／30，90／10时的聚合物结构。采用Mayo—Lewis积分法获得体系的竞聚率为0．32〈^〈0．58，0．10〈r2〈0．30；采用扩展Kelen-Ttidos方法计算的竞聚为r1=0．40和r2=0．19。结果表明，APMP与MMA溶液光共聚体系为非理想共聚体系，并且在投料比^=0．62时有一恒分点。根据竞聚率结果获得了APMP与MMA的共聚物主链结构的序列长度分布：f1=0．1时，单个APMP被MMA单元体均匀地隔开;f2=0．5时，APMP和MMA单元体在共聚物主链上的序列分布交替性比较明显。f1=0．7时，MMA主要以单个单元体分布在APMP主链中。     

SBS-g-MMA悬浮接枝共聚物的合成研究

以过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,水为分散相,用即可作溶剂又可作共聚单体的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与SBS在开放体系下进行悬浮接枝共聚反应．并用红外光谱对接技物进行了表征,同时通、过正交实验探讨了最佳合成工-g：MMA／SBS为11．6：1(质量比),BPO用量为SBS的0．5％,在温度为75℃条件下反应4．0h,可得到接枝率为86．3％的SBS-g-MMA接枝共聚物．     

P(MMA-ST-AM)阳离子聚合乳液纸张增强剂的合成及性能研究

研究了以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(ST)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料，采用无乳化剂乳液聚合，合成了阳离子共聚物[P(MMA-ST-AM)]乳液，测定了乳液的稳定性，找到了合成的最佳条件：单体质量配比依次为65／20／15，反应温度为80℃，引发剂用量为0．3g，反应时间为6—8h。将P（MMA-ST-AM）阳离子共聚乳液加到纸浆中，通过对纸张性能的测定，发现乳液用量为1．0％时，纸张抗张强度提高l0．88％、耐折度增加85．71％、撕裂度增加31．42％、环压强度增加27．58％。     

AA—MAA—AMPS三元共聚物的合成及其阻垢分散性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙基磺酸(AMPS)为单体，以水为溶剂，过硫酸钾为引发剂，按一定的比例进行聚合反应，合成了AA-MAA-AMPS三元共聚物．最佳合成工艺条件为，单体配比n(AMPS)：n(AA)：n(MAA)=2：10：7(摩尔比)，引发剂用量1．0％(占单体总质量)，反应温度为75℃，反应时间为4h，合成的三元共聚物对CaCO3，Ca3(PO4)2有较好的阻垢分散性能。     

超声辐照下MMA/BA/AA三元无皂乳液聚合的研究

以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,用超声波引发PMMA/BA/AA无皂乳液聚合,制备甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)/丙烯酸(AA)三元共聚物乳胶粒. 探讨了引发剂用量、功能性单体(AA)用量、超声时间对单体转化率的影响. TEM照片表明乳胶粒直径大约在340～450 nm左右,呈典型的核壳结构.FTIR及DSC-TGA分析显示产物为三元共聚物,而不是PMMA、PBA和PAA的共混物.     

AA／AMPS／DMDAAC三元共聚物阻垢分散剂的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）、二甲基二烯丙基氯化胺（DMDAAC）等为单体,亚硫酸氢钠一过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法,合成AA／AMPs／DMDAAc三元共聚物阻垢分散剂．研究结果表明,溶液中总单体质量分数为30％,引发剂质量分数为8％（占单体含量）,实验在弱碱性环境中进行,90℃下反应5h得到的共聚物有良好的阻垢分散性能．     

SIS接枝改性胶粘剂的研究

对以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸为单体对SIS进行接枝共聚制备溶剂型胶粘剂的工艺进行了探讨．同时研究了引发剂用量、单体用量及配比、反应温度及反应时间对胶粘剂性能的影响．适宜的单体用量为SIS总质量的20％左右．引发剂用量为SIS的0．8％～1．0％之间。反应温度78～80℃,反应时间3．5～4h．     

加料方式对磺化苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物阻垢性能的影响

利用不同的加料方法和不同加料顺序合成了聚苯乙烯／丙稀酸共聚物，并在吡啶中以发烟硫酸为磺化剂进行磺化制得磺化苯乙烯／丙烯酸(St／AA)共聚物。测定St／AA共聚物阻垢率的实验结果表明，部分滴加2种单体的混合物所得聚合物阻垢性能最好，最大阻垢率达98．5％。     

DMC/AM/AA三元水溶液共聚合(Ⅱ)

以（NH4）2S2O8－NH2CONH2为引发剂，研究了丙烯酸胺（AM）、甲基丙烯酸氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）和丙烯酸（AA）三元水溶液共聚合反应，考察了聚合温度、原料配比、单体浓度、引发剂用量以及pH值等因素对聚合速率、单体转化率和产物特性粘度的影响。结果表明：当起始单体总浓度为30～40％，PH≤5．0，DMC和AA在原料配比中的含量分别为20～70mol％、0～30mol％时，聚合反应的条件较为适宜。     

光引发合成聚丙烯酰胺的研究

采用光引发聚合技术进行聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的合成。选取合适的光引发剂并进行了改性，同时研究了光引发合成PAM的影响因素。在紫外光照射下，采用改性的商品光引发剂，用量为丙烯酰胺(AM)的0．01％-0．05％，聚合单体浓度ω（AM)为15％-25％，聚合时间50—90min，可获得特性粘数η＝800-l400mL／g，AM残留量＜0．05％的高纯聚丙烯酰胺。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with