考虑弹性应变阈值的频率相关等效线性化方法

传统等效线性化方法由于原理简单、参数获取方便而广泛应用于工程场地非线性地震反应分析中.实际工程应用中发现,这种方法由于对各个频率分量采用了等效剪应变水平,使得地面最大峰值加速度和高频段计算结果明显偏低.若干实验表明,应变幅值对土的力学行为起着关键性作用,当应变低于弹性应变阈值时,土体处于线弹性状态,弹性应变阈值主要与土的塑性指数有关.本文在对各种频率相关等效线性化理论方法分析的基础上,结合弹性应变阈值理论,建立了考虑弹性应变阈值的频率相关等效线性化方法.运用本文方法对海口某实际场地进行了土层地震反应分析,对比了与传统等效线性化方法的差异;同时对不同覆盖层厚度遭遇不同地震动强度的地震动进行了计算分析,总结了不同覆盖层厚度下本文方法和传统等效线性化方法计算结果的差异及规律.     

地震动分段输入的等效线性化方法

在一维土层地震反应等效线性化分析中发现,在强地震动输入下,等效线性化方法计算结果低估了地表峰值加速度水平,实际竖向台阵的观测记录与计算结果的比较证实了这一现象.其原因在于等效线性化方法在每次迭代中等效剪应变取为一常数,即最大剪应变水平的0.65倍,其整体提高了土体的地震动剪应变水平,导致计算分析中土体动剪切刚度比的降低和动阻尼比的增加,人为使得土体过分软化,造成地震动输入中高频成分过度滤波,加速度峰值偏低.为了使等效剪应变水平接近实际剪应变,在一维土层地震反应等效线性化分析中,本文提出了地震动分段输入的分析方法,即:设定某一阈值,在地震动时程第一次和最后一次超过该阈值的两个时间点处,将其分为3段,分别输入计算,并由分段计算结果叠加得到总的地震反应.阈值的选取与场地类型有关,不同的场地类型产生非线性效应的地震动阈值不同.计算结果表明,该方法比加速度时程一次性整体输入更趋合理.     

动力时程分析中弹塑性刚度矩阵的提取方法

利用ANSYS二次开发工具UPFs编写成可执行程序文件,通过与MATLAB进行联立计算,对线弹性和非线性弹塑性本构模型的结构分别实现了特性矩阵的近似提取.对线性本构关系模型的各特性矩阵提取方法进行阐述推导和验证,求得的各阶频率和动态响应时程曲线与ANSYS直接计算法吻合.对于非线性弹塑性本构模型,将非线性本构关系在全局过程中的小段时间内进行等效线性化处理后提取等效刚度矩阵,进行静动力分析后所得各种响应时程曲线与ANSYS直接计算法所得曲线基本吻合.结果表明了分段等效线性化模型的合理性和ANSYS二次开发程序提取等效特性矩阵的可行性.     

基于构件模态应变能比的隔震烟风道结构等效线性化分析

对大型烟风道采用热滑移型双凹摩擦摆(thermal sliding double concave friction pendulum system,TS-DCFP)隔震的结构等效线性化方法进行研究。推导了TS-DCFP采用滑移面等效半径、等效摩擦系数表达的三线性滞回模型的等效刚度和等效阻尼比,适于以非线性变形为主的摩擦摆隔震结构。建立了横向地震作用下的二自由度结构动力分析模型,基于构件模态应变能比,推导了振型组合阻尼比公式。采用提出的等效参数对二自由度烟风道隔震结构进行线性时程分析,并与三维模型非线性时程分析结果进行比较。分析表明,TS-DCFP用于烟风道隔震效果相当显著,且本文提出的等效线性化方法对道体反力、底部剪力的估计接近非线性时程分析结果,用于结构初步设计选型很有效。     

偏心隔震结构随机响应分析

利用过滤白噪声地震动模型,应用虚拟激励法对单向偏心隔震结构进行了随机响应分析.通过等效线性化的方法,对基础隔震支座的非线性模型进行了等效线性化.计算了结构响应的自功率谱密度和方差,对隔震系统和非隔震系统的随机响应进行了比较,讨论了偏心结构的平-扭耦联影响.结论认为扭转耦联效应不可忽视,通过设置隔震层可以消减上部结构的响应.     

非线性流滞阻尼器耗能结构随机风振响应和等效风荷载取值

针对非线性流滞阻尼器耗能结构在Davenport谱风振激励下的随机响应及等效风荷载取值进行了系统研究.首先建立了结构的非线性运动方程;经过等效线性化后,采用复模态理论解耦,进而用随机振动方法获得结构风振响应解析式和等效风荷载取值的计算公式,从而建立了结构非线性随机风振响应的分析方法.     

索杆结构非线性地震反应分析的设计反应谱法

基于结构体系刚度概念,将索杆体系各主振型的荷载-位移关系表达为等效单自由度(ESDF)体系的受力-变形关系;将ESDF体系刚度表达为其位移的二次函数;运用随机等效线性化方法,将ESDF体系的非线性刚度等效为线性刚度ke,推导得出ke与ESDF体系位移响应d的关系式;联立刚度-位移格式的设计反应谱表达式及ke-d关系式,求解ke及d,得出整体结构地震反应.以六边形索杆结构为例,分别采用本文方法、时程分析法和线性振型叠加法计算结构位移响应,结果表明,本文方法所得结构位移值与时程分析值偏差仅为10.8%,精度明显高于线性振型叠加法.     

二自由度油气悬架统计线性化参数研究

采用油气弹簧作为弹性元件的油气悬架具有压缩刚度渐增、复原刚度渐减的非对称刚度特性. 以二自由度油气悬架为研究对象,将油气悬架非线性刚度在静平衡位置处展开成泰勒级数,应用统计线性化方法,得到了油气悬架等效刚度、动态平衡位置与油气弹簧结构参数、路面不平度以及车速之间的封闭关系式. 数值仿真结果验证了关系式的正确性.      

基于等效线性化的二维地震反应分析研究

工程场地地震反应分析是工程场地地震安全性评价的核心工作,也是抗震设计和震害估计的重要内容。文中在综合分析场地地震反应分析研究现状及成果的基础上,从工程应用实际出发,采用频域分析方法、等效线性化的土体模型和粘性传递边界条件,运用有限元方法对一工程场地进行二维地震反应分析,并将分析结果和一维等效线性化分析结果进行对比。研究结果表明,从反应谱形状和峰值加速度来看,采用二维等效线性化的频域分析方法可以较好地用于分析横向不均匀场地。     

耗能减震结构的振型分解法

针对设置不同耗能器的减震结构在基于等效线性化的振型分解反应谱法进行分析中存在的等效线性化方法不同从而导致动力分析的计算精度和计算量不同的问题,文章采用实模态强行解耦振型分解法和复模态分析法进行对比分析,探讨2种方法在安装有不同耗能器的减震结构动力分析中的适用性.数值分析结果表明,对安装有粘滞耗能器的减震结构为保证计算精度宜采用复模态分析法,而对设置有粘弹性、金属屈服型或摩擦耗能器的减震结构,建议采用实模态强行解耦的振型分解法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that