组合箱梁的栓钉剪力连接件的受力性能分析

为验证有限元分析方法研究栓钉剪力连接件受力性能的可行性和准确性,首先介绍了栓钉剪力连接件的受力机理;其次应用有限元软件ANSYS建立了某大桥组合箱梁的栓钉剪力连接件的实体模型;最后基于有限元模型,对影响栓钉剪力连接件抗剪承载力的混凝土强度等级、栓钉的直径、栓钉的长度、栓钉的材料强度、是否设置贯穿钢筋等5个相关参数进行相应的分析.通过将其计算结果与经验公式进行对比分析,得到了栓钉连接件极限抗剪承载力的建议公式,为以后的实际应用和设计计算提供参考.     

剪力钉极限承载能力研究进展及分析

剪力连接件是保证钢—混组合结构和混合结构协同工作的关键构件,目前结构中采用较多的剪力连接件为剪力钉.由于现有的规范对剪力钉极限承载力计算各不相同,有必要对剪力钉极限承载力计算方法进行总结和分析,具体将不同规格剪力钉进行推出试验研究,与不同规范计算值进行比较分析.同时,通过非线性有限元对剪力钉受力情况进行数值分析.研究结果表明:1)对于常用规格剪力钉,目前各国规范中剪力钉极限抗剪承载力均低于推出模型试验实测值,对于大尺寸剪力钉和剪力钉成群布置的情况应保守取值,中国《钢结构设计标准》提出剪力钉极限承载力计算公式较为合理;2)通过合理假定,剪力钉非线性有限元模型可以较好地模拟剪力钉推出试件的受力状态,通过有限元计算分析表明,在距剪力钉根部较近部位其承受了较大的剪应力和轴向应力.     

橡胶对剪力钉群的力学性能影响研究

降低剪力钉的抗剪刚度可以改善剪力钉群的受力不均,在不影响剪力钉群抗剪承载力的情况下,降低剪力钉群的抗剪刚度十分有必要,橡胶能有效降低剪力钉群的抗剪刚度,但其合理的设置方式尚未明确.本文通过剪力钉群外包橡胶套形成橡胶剪力钉组合剪力连接件和在混凝土中掺入橡胶形成橡胶混凝土剪力钉两种推出试验并进行数值分析,研究了两种橡胶设置方式对剪力钉抗剪承载力、抗剪刚度、破坏机理、荷载-滑移规律的影响.研究结果表明:两种橡胶设置方式都可以有效降低剪力钉的抗剪刚度,但在剪力钉根部外包橡胶套可以提高剪力钉抗剪承载力,改善剪力钉群受力不均匀性,而在混凝土中掺入橡胶则可降低剪力钉的抗剪承载力,对剪力钉群受力不均匀性无明显改善.     

不同剪力连接程度预应力钢-混凝土组合连续梁的试验研究

探究剪力连接程度对预应力钢—混凝土组合梁中混凝土和钢梁的界面的剪切滑移、截面刚度、挠度变形、极限强度等受力性能的影响 .试验选用栓钉剪力连接件 ,设计 3根不同剪力连接程度的预应力组合连续梁 ,采用跨中加载集中力 ,探究预应力组合梁静载受力全过程受力特性 .     

栓钉剪力连接件传力机理与有效受力长度研究

为研究栓钉剪力连接件受力机理及其在不同强度混凝土中的有效受力长度,进行不同长度栓钉剪力连接件推出试验和精细化有限元参数分析。基于精细化数值模型,分析栓钉及其周围混凝土受力机理,得到栓钉周围混凝土主应力迹线,揭示混凝土力流传递路径。研究结果表明：栓钉受力分为弹性和塑性两个阶段,混凝土强度不变时,栓钉长度变化对栓钉抗剪性能影响较小。基于应力分布规律,栓钉周围混凝土分为三个受力区域,即栓帽上方受压拔区、栓帽下方受拔区和栓钉根部下方受压区。栓钉有效受力长度随混凝土抗压强度增加而减小。以直径19 mm栓钉为例,当混凝土抗压强度为20、30、40和50 MPa时,栓钉有效受力长度为4.42d(d为栓钉直径)、4.00d、3.68d和3.42d。     

钢-UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件试验研究

为深入研究钢-超高性能混凝土（UHPC）界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的抗剪性能,提出实用的计算方法指导工程设计应用,基于实际工程背景,设计了6组共12个模型试件并进行了推出试验. 试验结果表明：1）UHPC中栓钉剪力连接件、PBL剪力连接件、栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的荷载-滑移曲线具有相似的曲线特征,均可分为弹性、塑性损伤及破坏三个阶段. 2）在正常使用阶段,混合剪力连接件中栓钉与PBL共同承受荷载,其分担荷载比例与各自刚度成正比. 针对UHPC中栓钉及PBL的抗剪性能进行理论分析,分别提出了UHPC中栓钉以及PBL的荷载-滑移全曲线实用经验公式、抗剪承载力计算式及抗剪刚度建议取值方法等. 分析栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件中各部分受力分配情况,在荷载按刚度分配原理基础上,提出了UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的荷载-滑移全曲线实用经验公式. 最后利用本文提出的UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件实用公式对实桥墩柱进行验算表明,抗剪安全系数为2.17,剪切滑移量为0.04 mm,符合实际工程承载极限状态及正常使用状态的要求. 本文提出了栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的计算方法,为其工程应用奠定了基础.     

钢混桥塔结合段内剪力连接件的弹性刚度计算

对于单一开孔板连接件或剪力钉连接件力学特性的研究,各国学者已进行了大量数值分析与试验的探索,得出了单一开孔板连接件或剪力钉连接件的力学行为。但实际混合桥塔的钢-混结合段内部是由大量开孔板连接件和剪力钉连接件形成的群钉组合连接件构成的。当前对于钢-混结构内组合连接件的研究比较匮乏,还没有明确的数值模型及理论推导用于组合连接件传力规律的研究。且组合连接件本身的设计参数对抗压性能的影响也还需要进一步的明确。因此,以顺德大桥的桥塔钢混结合段内的一种组合剪力连接件为实例,研究此抗剪连接件在弹性加载阶段,其内部的开孔板连接件和剪力钉连接件分别对该单层组合剪力连接件抗压刚度的贡献;建立弹簧模型,推出此单层组合剪力连接件弹性刚度的计算公式;利用ABAQUS有限元软件对单层组合剪力连接件进行加载仿真模拟分析,在弹性加载阶段其荷载-位移曲线呈极强的线性关系,拟合后与所推导公式的弹性刚度计算结果进行比对。结果表明：单孔开孔板连接件抗压刚度解析解与数值解的误差为4.87%,单根剪力钉连接件的抗压刚度解析解与数值解的误差为0.903%,单层组合剪力连接件的抗压刚度解析解与数值解的误差为11.54%,所推导弹性刚...     

钢-高强混凝土组合梁栓钉剪力连接件的设计计算

近年来,钢 混凝土组合结构和高强混凝土结构在中国发展很快。通过栓钉剪力连接件将钢梁和高强混凝土有机地结合,形成钢 高强混凝土组合梁在桥梁和建筑结构领域具有广阔的应用前景。为了探讨钢 高强混凝土组合梁中栓钉剪力连接件的性能,为钢 高强混凝土组合梁的剪力连接件的设计提供依据,通过钢 高强混凝土组合梁试验和推出试验,对栓钉剪力连接件在高强混凝土组合梁中的性能进行了研究。通过试验研究,对钢 高强混凝土组合梁中栓钉剪力连接件承载力的计算提出了建议。它对钢 高强混凝土组合梁设计具有实用参考价值。     

复合剪力连接件群钢-混结合段力学性能

为研究复合剪力连接件群钢-混结合段的力学性能,以我国首座铁路混合梁斜拉桥为研究背景,通过数值模拟与模型试验相结合的方法研究了钢-混结合段及其复合剪力键群的静力和疲劳性能。结果表明：需注重钢-混结合段的构造细节处理以避免产生局部应力集中现象;剪力钉较PBL剪力键起主要传剪作用,与复合剪力键群形式相比,只采用PBL剪力键传剪会增大承压板传力负荷;底板剪力钉受形式与推出试验结果一致,由于混凝土浇筑质量等原因,顶板剪力钉受力形式与推出试验有一定差异;在疲劳试验后,受力较大的底板剪力钉根部应力水平增大较多,进入弹塑性受力状态,受力较大的PBL剪力键应力水平有所增大,但整体应力水平较低。可见采用复合剪力键形式的钢-混结合段受力合理,其设计可以为其他同类工程提供参考。     

单面受火双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙的耐火性能试验研究

为研究双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙结构的耐火性能,对3榀采用不同剪力件连接(螺栓连接、栓钉连接、栓钉和剪力杆组合连接)的双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙进行了轴压力和单面ISO-834标准升温作用下的耐火性能试验,得到这种新型组合剪力墙结构在火灾下的温度场分布、轴向变形及破坏模式,并就不同剪力连接件对组合剪力墙耐火性能的影响进行了分析和比较.结果表明,剪力连接件能够保证钢板与混凝土共同工作;采用不同剪力连接件连接的组合剪力墙在火灾下的破坏模式是相同的,但不同剪力件对组合剪力墙耐火性能的影响不同,采用螺栓连接的组合剪力墙的耐火极限最短,采用栓钉和剪力杆组合连接的剪力墙耐火极限最长.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that