次氯酸钠氧化淀粉的制备工艺研究

以木薯淀粉为原料，用次氯酸钠作氧化剂制备粉状氧化淀粉，研究了pH值、氧化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对产品羧基含量的影响．实验条件下，最佳工艺条件的pH值为9．0、氧化剂用量为25％、反应温度为45℃、反应时间为3小时．     

交联木薯淀粉的制备及性能

以某有机物(代号CL)为交联剂,对木薯淀粉进行交联变性处理,研究了交联剂质量分数、氢氧化钠质量分数、反应温度和时间等因素对淀粉交联度的影响,并对交联淀粉进行了分析表征.结果表明:交联剂质量分数为0.5%、氢氧化钠质量分数为1.5%、反应时间为3h、反应温度为50℃时,交联工艺最佳,此时交联淀粉的沉降积为1.0mL.扫描电子显微镜形貌分析表明,木薯淀粉交联后颗粒表面粗糙、有凹坑出现;傅里叶变换红外光谱图中发现,交联淀粉较原淀粉在1 241cm-1处出现醚键吸收峰,表明木薯淀粉发生了交联反应;X-射线衍射曲线表明,交联反应可使淀粉部分结晶区非晶化,结晶度较原淀粉的下降率为16.94%;交联后淀粉黏度变大,黏度热稳定性明显提高.     

大豆过氧化物酶催化合成水溶性聚苯胺

在十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）胶束微环境中，用大豆过氧化物酶（soybean peroxidase，SBP）催化合成了水溶性聚苯胺．在pH（4-5），0．1％-1．0％SDS胶束微环境中，SBP能催化苯胺聚合，产物在720nm处有一明显的吸收峰．由于苯醌和苯环的变形振动，其红外光谱在1594cm^-1和1497cm^-1处有明显的吸收峰．由于C-H面外振动，在824cm^-1处有一单吸收峰．测量结果表明产物为头尾相连结构．     

抗凝沉木薯氧化淀粉的制备

本文以CuSO4为催化剂,以H2O2为氧化剂,制备木薯氧化淀粉。通过产品中羧基含量和峰值粘度,评价木薯氧化淀粉抗凝沉性的变化情况。探索了CuSO4和H2O2用量对结果的影响。结果表明：在催化剂存在情况下,控制一定的pH和温度,添加一定量的双氧水,可制备抗凝沉性木薯氧化淀粉。     

丙酮处理酵母菌吸附铅前后红外光谱分析比较

对丙酮处理酵母菌吸附铅前后的红外光谱进行了分析比较。生物材料的红外光谱图主要由蛋白质的吸收带、碳水化合物的吸收带组成。1652cm^-1、1534cm^-1、1239cm^-1处的吸收峰是蛋白质的三个特征吸收峰。1455cm^-1处的吸收峰为CH3和CH2的弯曲振动峰;1397cm^-1处中等强度的吸收归属于羧基的对称伸缩振动。1200-940cm^-1之间出现的强且复杂的谱带归属于醚和碳水化合物中的C-O伸缩振动。915cm^-1、890cm^-1处两个弱的吸收峰属于细胞壁中多糖的糖环键的振动。吸附pb^2 后,3375cm^-1处的吸收峰紫移至3388cm^-1,1398cm^-1处的峰红移到1384cm^-1,说明羟基和羧基在结合pb^2 起重要作用丙酮处理酵母菌的主要成份和结构吸附前后保持完整。     

几种淀粉颗粒的结构与形貌特征

为研究马铃薯、木薯和玉米淀粉的结构与形貌特征,采用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜系统分析了3种原淀粉颗粒的脐点、轮纹等结构及整体形貌;用三氯氧磷作交联剂,对这些原淀粉进行了交联改性等相关处理,使观察结果更为清晰明确．结果表明,马铃薯、木薯和玉米的淀粉都有脐点和轮纹．文中还给出了各淀粉颗粒的形状及结构特征简图,提出了马铃薯和木薯淀粉颗粒首端和尾端的概念。     

明胶与丙烯酸甲酯在60Co辐照下的接枝聚合反应

利用辐射源^60Co辐照引发明胶与丙烯酸甲酯接枝聚合反应，接枝聚合物IR谱显示，1560cm^-1处有明胶酰胺基的特征吸收，1760cm^-1处强吸收峰则为丙烯酸甲酯单元的羰基特征红外吸收，从而证明了明胶与丙烯酸甲酯接枝的存在．进一步研究了不同辐照剂量、明胶与丙烯酸甲酯不同配比对接枝聚合物产量的影响．     

次氯酸钠氧化淀粉的制备工艺研究

以木薯淀粉为原料,用次氯酸钠作氧化剂制备粉状氧化淀粉,研究了pH值、氧化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对产品羧基含量的影响.实验条件下,最佳工艺条件的pH值为9.0、氧化剂用量为25%、反应温度为45℃、反应时间为3小时.     

木薯羧酸酯两性淀粉的制备与合成机理

采用交联、氧化和醚化反应制备羧酸型两性淀粉,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、胶体滴定等方法对该淀粉进行表征,并研究了该两性淀粉的合成机理．结果表明：该淀粉的阴、阳离子取代度分别达到0．018和0．033,50℃、6％该两性淀粉糊的黏度为258mPa·s;淀粉羧基离子与淀粉氧负离子存在竞争反应．文中还从微观角度阐明了这些改性反应并未影响淀粉的结晶结构．     

三偏磷酸钠交联木薯淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及结构特征

利用木薯淀粉与三偏磷酸钠的交联反应,通过控制交联反应程度,成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒的膨胀程度并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段,详细地研究了处在不同溶胀阶段的三偏磷酸钠交联木薯淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势,揭示了三偏磷酸钠交联木薯淀粉颗粒的具体的膨胀历程及溶胀机理,即交联木薯淀粉是从高交联时在中心脐点处的爆裂式膨胀,到低交联时颗粒首、尾端同时均衡发生溶胀的膨胀历程．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to