以熔融石英为硅质原料动态水热合成硬硅钙石

采用熔融石英作为硅质原料,由碳酸钙煅烧获得的氧化钙作为钙质原料,在高压反应釜中动态水热合成硬硅钙石.研究了合成温度、保温时间、水固比对最终结晶产物的影响.采用XRD、SEM分析样品的物相和形貌.实验结果表明:合成硬硅钙石的最佳工艺条件为反应温度210℃、保温时间5.5h、水固比20;其制品体积密度为192kg/m3.使用熔融石英为原料,其反应活性高,用水量降低,与普通石英原料相比水固比下降50%,大幅提高了生产效率.     

四种硅酸盐矿物的蒸压反应活性

为研究尾矿中硅酸盐矿物在蒸压建筑材料体系中的作用,通过X射线衍射、热重、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析和红外光谱分析,对角闪石、拉长石、钠长石和黑云母的蒸压反应活性进行了探讨.结果表明:在180℃蒸压8h的条件下,拉长石和钠长石具有蒸压反应活性,角闪石和黑云母不具有蒸压反应活性;拉长石的蒸压产物有水钙铝榴石和斜托贝莫来石,钠长石的蒸压产物有托贝莫来石,蒸压产物相互连接有助于提高结构致密性;反应生成的托贝莫来石矿物均含有Na,具有一定的固碱作用.     

科技文摘

日本研制成人造木材日本已研制成一种人造木材。这种人造木材具有与天然木材相近似的重量和特性,易加工,可钉钉。而且还有不变形、不腐烂、不受虫蛀、无毒性、保温绝热防火性好等胜于天然木材的优点,可广泛用于建筑工程和室内装修。这种人造木材的原料是硅石、石灰质、玻璃纤维和高分子化合物。其制作方法是:把硅石、石灰质原料和水制成浆料,在90℃和3小时条件下发生一次反应,然后在210℃和19个大气压下进行压热反应,生成硬硅钙石浆料,再把硬硅钙石浆料、玻     

利用电石渣制备硬硅钙石活性料浆的初步研究

利用动态水热合成工艺,用电石渣作钙质原料合成了硬硅钙石活性料浆。采用XRD和SEM对合成的硬硅钙石料浆结构和形貌进行了检测及表征。结果表明,煅烧后的电石渣可以制备出纯度较高的,毛栗状球形"二次粒子"明显,且数量多直径大的硬硅钙石活性料浆。研究表明,制备硬硅钙石为电石渣二次回收利用提供了一条有效的途径。     

低碱度钢渣基油井及地热井胶凝材料的研究--Ⅲ富镁低碱度钢渣的水热反应

通过研究富镁低碱度钢渣的水热反应得出富镁低碱度钢渣具有水热活性,水热条件下形成具有胶凝性的富镁水化硅酸钙产物.钢渣中CMS、C3MS2的水热活性高于纯CMS、C3MS2的水热活性.Mg2+优先固溶于水化硅酸钙中,其余部分根据水热温度不同而形成Mg(OH)2或蛇纹石.     

矿化剂对硬硅钙石水热合成的影响

研究了CaCl_2、Sr(NO_3)_2、Mn(CH_3COO)_2·4H_2O和ZrOCl_2·8H_2O作为矿化剂对硬硅钙石纤维合成过程、形貌和性能的影响规律;同时,采用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试手段对硬硅钙石纤维显微形貌和物相进行分析和表征。结果表明:配料中加入CaCl_2、Sr(NO_3)_2,硬硅钙石的球形团聚体未明显变大,粒子呈片状结构,体积密度较大。加入矿化剂Mn(CH_3COO)_2·4H_2O、ZrOCl_2·8H_2O,硬硅钙石纤维细长且交织缠绕,形成了良好的中空结构,故合成产物体积密度较小,这有利于提高硬硅钙石的保温隔热性能。     

水热法制备水化硅酸钙纳米粉体

通过动态水热合成方法,采用低成本的硅藻土与生石灰作原料,在120℃恒温恒压,并分别在4 h、7 h、10 h的蒸压制度下制备出水化硅酸钙纳米粉体.并用XRD、BET、SEM、TEM等现代测试手段对制得的水化硅酸钙粉体进行了性能测试.结果表明:该纳米粉体结晶度很低、比表面积极大,粉体颗粒的粒径大小主要在50 nm左右;硅质原料和钙质原料的水热合成反应机理主要为溶解-沉淀反应;恒温时间对水热合成产物影响较大,恒温7 h时Ca(OH)2反应殆尽,恒温10 h时,原料中还有少量的SiO2尚未反应完毕;恒温10 h时,纳米粉体的主要产物为水化石榴石、半结晶态的C-S-H(1)、硬硅钙石的前趋物以及Al2SiO5.     

水热合成VO_2(B)带状结构的生长机理研究

以V2O5和草酸为原料,水热合成了VO2(B)带状结构.采用XRD,SEM,TEM和HRTEM等技术对不同水热条件下所得产物进行了表征,根据不同反应条件下产物的结构和形貌推断了VO2(B)带状结构的生长机理.结果表明:在水热反应过程中,V2O5首先和草酸反应生成V6O13,随着水热反应时间的延长,V6O13继续和草酸反应生成VO2(B),且最初生成的VO2(B)为杂乱无章的片状堆积结构,随着水热反应时间的延长,片状结构逐渐转化为长度约为1μm,宽度约为100～200 nm的带状结构,其晶格条纹间距约为0.51 nm.     

低碱度钢渣基油井及地热井胶凝材料的研究--Ⅳ富铁低碱度钢渣的水热反应及胶凝性

通过XRD、DTA-TG、SEM和EPMA等手段研究了富铁低碱度钢渣的水热反应、水热产物及其胶凝性.结果表明富铁低碱度钢渣的水热反应产物为水化钙铁石榴子石;富铁低碱度钢渣-石英砂体系的水热反应产物以Fe-tobemorite为主,蒸压强度显著提高;富铁低碱度钢渣-石灰体系的水热反应产物为高碱度的C2SH.     

铁尾矿加气混凝土在蒸压养护条件下反应机理

通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱、差热扫描热重分析等测试方法,研究了铁尾矿加气混凝土在蒸压养护条件下的反应机理.未蒸压坯体中主要水化产物为钙矾石、结晶度低的水化硅酸(CSH)凝胶和Ca(OH)2,铁尾矿中部分矿物X射线衍射峰降低.经蒸压养护后,钙矾石的X射线衍射峰消失,托贝莫来石的X射线衍射峰增强,表明在高温高压和热碱激发下,铁尾矿中的矿物成分发生分解,活性组分SiO2和Al2O3结合Ca(OH)2发生反应,生成托贝莫来石。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of xonotlite from carbide slag

Carbide slag was used as the calcareous materials for the first time to prepare xonotlite via dynamic hydrothermal synthesis. The effects of influential factors including different calcination temperatures, pretreatment methods of the carbide slag and process parameters of hydrothermal synthesis on the microstructure and morphology of xonotlite were explored using XRD and SEM techniques. The results indicate that the carbide slag after proper calcination could be used to prepare pure xonotlite; and different calcination temperatures have little effect on the crystallinity of synthesized xonotlite, but have great impact on the morphology of secondary particles. The different pretreatment methods of the carbide slag pose great impact on the crystallinity and morphology of secondary particles of xonotlite. Xonotlite was also synthesized from pure CaO under the same experimental conditions as that prepared from calcined carbide slag for comparison. Little amount of impurities in carbide slag has no effect on the mechanism of hydrothermal synthesizing xonotlite from carbide slag.     

Effect of Na+ on xonotlite crystals in hydrothermal synthesis

The effect of Na⁺ ion concentration on the crystalline phase composition and morphology of xonotlite crystals prepared in a CaO-SiO₂-H₂O system via hydrothermal synthesis was analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that Na⁺ ion concentration has a significant impact on the composition and morphology of crystalline phases in the products under the initial conditions of a molar ratio of CaO/SiO₂ of 1.0 and a reactant concentration of 0.05 mol·L^?1 at 225°C for 15 h. The main crystalline phase in the products has a phase transition from xonotlite to pectolite, and the morphology changes from fibrous to broomlike shape with the Na⁺ ion concentration increasing. Therefore, the content of Na₂O in the raw material should be less than 5wt% for preparing pure xonotlite crystals via hydrothermal synthesis in a CaO-SiO₂-H₂O system.     

Preparation and characterization of high-strength calcium silicate boards from coal-fired industrial solid wastes

To realize the comprehensive utilization of coal-fired industrial solid wastes, a novel high-strength board was prepared from calcium silicate slag, fly ash, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum. The changes in mineral phases, chemical structure, and morphology during hydration were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A traditional board made from quartz and lime was prepared as a reference. The novel board not only consumes a lot of solid wastes, but also meets the strength requirement of the class-five calcium silicate board according to the Chinese Standard JC/T 564.2—2008. Microanalysis showed that hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-S-H(I)), ettringite, tobermorite, and xonotlite were successively generated in the novel board by synergistic hydration of the mixed solid wastes. The board strength was improved by the formation of tobermorite and xonotlite but decreased by unhydrated quartz. It was demonstrated that quartz was not completely hydrated in the traditional board. As a result, the flexural strength of the traditional board was much lower than that of the novel board.     

石灰对三水铝石型铝土矿低温溶出行为的影响

研究了不同石灰添加量对3种国外三水铝石型铝土矿在145℃时溶出性能的影响规律及其作用机理.国外三水铝石型铝土矿主要由三水铝石、针铁矿、赤铁矿、高岭石和石英等组成,并含有一定的锐钛矿和一水软铝石.研究结果表明,添加石灰能够促进脱硅反应的进行,降低溶出后铝酸钠溶液中二氧化硅的质量浓度,随着石灰质量分数的增加,溶液的硅量指数逐渐提高;添加石灰降低三水铝石型铝土矿的氧化铝溶出率,其与石灰的质量分数呈线性递减关系;石灰促进脱硅产物由水合铝硅酸钠向水化石榴石转变,随着石灰质量分数的增加,溶出液中的苛碱质量浓度逐渐提高,赤泥中碱的质量分数逐渐降低.     

A composite thermal insulator based on xonotlite and perlite

A low cost thermal insulating material can be produced by compounding an active xonotlite slurry, fired-perlite, HOMO PAN fibers and glass fibers. The maximum service temperature of the product is 800℃; linear shrinkage after 800℃×16 h firing is 0.9%; the cold crushing strength is 1.56 MPa; the flexural strength at ambient temperature is 0.81 MPa; the thermal conductivity at ambient temperature (25℃) is 0.056 and 0.128 W/(m·K) at 800℃. The production cost of such a composite is only 1/3 of that of the normal xonotlite thermal insulators. It can substitute the normal xonotlite thermal insulators on most occasions with a similar cost to that of normal perlite products.     

表面活性剂的合成及性能研究 Ⅱ.植物油脂肪酸烷基醇酰胺硫酸酯盐

以甲醇钠为催化剂,将椰子油和米糠油脂肪酸甲酯与乙醇胺反应,合成了两种脂肪酸烷基醇酰胺中间体。再用氯磺酸酯化、用氢氧化钠中和,得到两种文题产品(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)。产品的红外光谱数据与其结构的各特征吸收峰相符。测定了产品的克拉夫特点、发泡力和钙皂分散力,发现两种产品均具有较好的发泡性能和钙皂分散性能。用吸光度法对Ⅱ与肥皂复配体系的抗硬水能力进行了研究,得到了最佳复配比例。     

水热条件下CaO—MgO—SiO_2—H_2O体系中反应物的竞争与产物的转化机制

本文研究了 Ca O—Mg O—Si O2 — H2 O体系的水热反应特性。结果表明 :在 Ca O— Mg O—Si O2 一 H2 O系统中 ,Ca O优先与 Si O2 反应生成水化硅酸钙 ,Mg O部分固溶于水化硅酸钙中 ,部分生成 Mg( OH) 2 ,部分与剩余的 Si O2 反应生成水化硅酸镁 ;Mg O固溶时 ,可促进托勃莫来石向硬硅钙石转化 ,不固溶 ,则其转化温度提高     

钛白粉与硬硅钙石复合隔热外墙涂料隔热性能研究

采用金红石型钛白粉和超轻硬硅钙石型硅酸钙为隔热功能填料,制备复合隔热外墙乳胶涂料。研究了钛白粉掺量和硬硅钙石掺量对涂层隔热性能的影响,以及钛白粉和硬硅钙石协同作用对隔热性能的影响。研究表明:分别添加钛白粉和硬硅钙石均能提高涂层的隔热性能;复合添加钛白粉和硬硅钙石能进一步提升涂层隔热性能,复合涂层的热反射率可达80.54%,超过M IL-E-46117标准中热反射率高于75%的要求。