A comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Two large-scale yeast two-hybrid screens were undertaken to identify protein-protein interactions between full-length open reading frames predicted from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence. In one approach, we constructed a protein array of about 6,000 yeast transformants, with each transformant expressing one of the open reading frames as a fusion to an activation domain. This array was screened by a simple and automated procedure for 192 yeast proteins, with positive responses identified by their positions in the array. In a second approach, we pooled cells expressing one of about 6,000 activation domain fusions to generate a library. We used a high-throughput screening procedure to screen nearly all of the 6,000 predicted yeast proteins, expressed as Gal4 DNA-binding domain fusion proteins, against the library, and characterized positives by sequence analysis. These approaches resulted in the detection of 957 putative interactions involving 1,004 S. cerevisiae proteins. These data reveal interactions that place functionally unclassified proteins in a biological context, interactions between proteins involved in the same biological function, and interactions that link biological functions together into larger cellular processes. The results of these screens are shown here.     

基于稀疏编码的语音增强方法

利用带噪语音经特征基函数矩阵转换后所具有的稀疏特性,用最大似然估计方法对转换后得到的稀疏分量进行非线性压缩去噪,然后再经过反变换和重构恢复出原始语音信号的估计。特征基函数矩阵反映了语音数据本身的统计特性。仿真结果表明,与小波消噪法相比利用稀疏编码方法能极大程度地抑制背景噪声。     

均匀阻尼电力大系统的暂态稳定性分析

应用标量李雅普诺夫函数分解法研究均匀阻尼ｎ机电力大系统的稳定性,通过选取适当的线性系统作为孤立子系统,并选择简洁的李雅普诺夫函数分析电力大系统的稳定性,给出其渐近稳定性区域的估计式。最后以一个三机系统为例,说明本文采用方法的有效性和简便性。     

基于Matlab/Simulink的Weibull分布的极大似然估计

介绍了三参数weibuu分布的MLE,利用simulink的图形化建模方法,直接"画"出MLE的方程组模型,修改各模块的参数,完成三参数weibull分布的MLE,并用实例验证了这种方法的可行性.模型同时也可用于二参数weibu儿分布参数的MLE.     

A region of SV40 large T antigen can substitute for a transforming domain of the adenovirus E1A products

SV40 large T antigen contains a small region of amino acid sequence, conserved among the papovaviruses, that shows considerable similarity to conserved domain 2 of the adenovirus E1A oncogene, a domain which plays an important role in the E1A transforming functions. To learn whether the analogous SV40 T antigen sequences could substitute functionally for E1A domain 2, a chimaeric gene was constructed, coding for T antigen amino acid residues 101 to 118 in place of E1A domain 2. The resulting product showed much of the activity of the wild-type E1A products. It induced proliferation of primary BRK cells and cooperated with the ras oncogene to transform these cells fully. In addition, the chimaeric protein coprecipitated two cellular proteins whose specific binding to the E1A products depends on the presence of domain 2. The activity of the chimaeric product suggests that a similar functional unit exists in the transforming proteins of both SV40 and adenovirus, and that these proteins may exert their cell growth regulating effects through similar mechanisms.     

基于模糊匹配的数据库模式测试方法

数据库模式测试是数据库系统测试的重要工作.在前期的研究中已经实现了一种简单的数据库模式测试方法,该方法针对数据库ER模型和逻辑模型不一致的问题进行了研究.但是该匹配方法单一,属于一对一的语义匹配,为了解决这一局限性,提出了一套基于“模糊匹配”的数据库模式测试方法.该方法考虑了以上方法的不足,使用“模糊匹配”对数据库模式进行测试,解决了由于数据库结构复杂导致测试结论误报率高的问题,并且将数据字典信息作为匹配标准,对匹配信息进行种类划分,减少了匹配工作量,同时还将语义信息和结构信息相结合,提高了匹配准确度.     

Structure of the C-terminal domain of FliG, a component of the rotor in the bacterial flagellar motor.

Many motile species of bacteria are propelled by flagella, which are rigid helical filaments turned by rotary motors in the cell membrane. The motors are powered by the transmembrane gradient of protons or sodium ions. Although bacterial flagella contain many proteins, only three-MotA, MotB and FliG-participate closely in torque generation. MotA and MotB are ion-conducting membrane proteins that form the stator of the motor. FliG is a component of the rotor, present in about 25 copies per flagellum. It is composed of an amino-terminal domain that functions in flagellar assembly and a carboxy-terminal domain (FliG-C) that functions specifically in motor rotation. Here we report the crystal structure of FliG-C from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima. Charged residues that are important for function, and which interact with the stator protein MotA, cluster along a prominent ridge on FliG-C. On the basis of the disposition of these residues, we present a hypothesis for the orientation of FliG-C domains in the flagellar motor, and propose a structural model for the part of the rotor that interacts with the stator.     

排序集抽样下两样本相关参数的修正极大似然估计

排序集抽样是一种提高抽样效率的有效方法。然而,实际排序中不可避免会出现误差。这会对极大似然估计的结果造成一定的偏倚。文章基于排序集样本对传统的极大似然估计方程进行修正,讨论了修正的极大似然估计的性质,并进一步从渐进方差的角度说明了这一估计较传统方法更稳健。     

随机分组抽样下流大小分布估计

流大小分布是网络测量中一个重要的度量。已有的研究表明在MLE（极大似然估计）算法中运用TCP流的协议信息能够更好的估计流大小分布。本文详细比较了运用TCP流的SYN包和TCP序列号信息的几种MLE算法，并在此基础上结合实际应用提出了一种对小流采取细粒度、对大流采取粗粒度的非均匀粒度的流大小估计算法。实验结果表明，该算法在减少了MLE估计计算量的同时，提高了粗粒度后大流估计精度。     

Sequencing of phosphopeptides sulfonated by 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate using post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is probably the most common and important reversible post-translational modification of proteins. Analyzing the functional effects of phosphorylation is helpful for understanding the biological functions of proteins. Identification of the phosphorylation sites of phosphorylated protein is a prerequisite for research on phosphorylation. In this work, an effective and simple method of identification of protein phosphorylation sites has been developed. Phosphopeptides were selectively enriched with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and subsequently chemically modified by 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate, and then the chemically modified phosphopeptides were sequenced with post-source decay (PSD) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry for detecting phosphorylation sites. The charge of derivatization by 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate introduces a negative sulfonic acid group at the N-terminus of a peptide, and enables the selective detection of only a single series of C-terminal y-type ions. This chemically assisted method greatly simplifies the extremely complex pattern of PSD fragment ions and makes the PSD spectra more easier to be interpreted. The phosphorylation sites of a synthesized model phosphopeptide and human c-myc protein have been successfully identified by this method.     

The SH2/SH3 adaptor Grb4 transduces B-ephrin reverse signals

Bidirectional signals mediated by membrane-anchored ephrins and Eph receptor tyrosine kinases have important functions in cell-cell recognition events, including those that occur during axon pathfinding and hindbrain segmentation. The reverse signal that is transduced into B-ephrin-expressing cells is thought to involve tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal's short, conserved carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The Src-homology-2 (SH2) domain proteins that associate with activated tyrosine-phosphorylated B-subclass ephrins have not been identified, nor has a defined cellular response to reverse signals been described. Here we show that the SH2/SH3 domain adaptor protein Grb4 binds to the cytoplasmic domain of B ephrins in a phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. In response to B-ephrin reverse signalling, cells increase FAK catalytic activity, redistribute paxillin, lose focal adhesions, round up, and disassemble F-actin-containing stress fibres. These cellular responses can be blocked in a dominant-negative fashion by expression of the isolated Grb4 SH2 domain. The Grb4 SH3 domains bind a unique set of other proteins that are implicated in cytoskeletal regulation, including the Cbl-associated protein (CAP/ponsin), the Abl-interacting protein-1 (Abi-1), dynamin, PAK1, hnRNPK and axin. These data provide a biochemical pathway whereby cytoskeletal regulators are recruited to Eph-ephrin bidirectional signalling complexes.     

利用载荷识别技术诊断柴油机熄火故障

给出了使用柴油机输出端扭振响应识别曲轴所受转矩的脉冲响应方法。该方法将柴油机曲轴所受转矩视为周期性冲击载荷,并将其在基函数上展开,通过优化基函数参数增强基函数对冲击载荷的匹配能力,针对某柴油机扭转振动模型的载荷识别问题,研究了所提方法的辨识性能,仿真结果表明,该方法具有较好的识别精度,能够给出各气缸发出的转矩,从而可据此对各缸做功均匀性以及熄火状态做出正确判断。     

A new approach to the prediction of transmembrane structures

About 20%-30% of genome products have been predicted as membrane proteins, which have significant biological functions. The prediction of the amount and position for the transmembrane protein helical segments （TMHs） is the hot spot in bioinformatics. In this paper, a new approach, maximum spectrum of continuous wavelet transform （MSCWT）, is proposed to predict TMHs. The predictions for eight SARS-CoV membrane proteins indicate that MSCWT has the same capacity with software TMpred. Moreover, the test on a dataset of 131 structure-known proteins with 548 TMHs shows that the prediction accuracy of MSCWT for TMHs is 91.6% and that for membrane protein is 89.3%.     

AR（1）序列MLE渐近性态研究的几何方法

在时域上对ＡＲ（１）模型所形成的曲指数旋流形进行了几何讨论，并给出了极大似然估计的信息损失与统计曲率的关系。     

Interaction of Stathmin-Like 2 Protein with the APP Intracellular Domain

Amyloid precursor protein （APP） plays a critical role in the formation of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. The intracellular domain APP （AID） was suggested to cause neurotoxicity in the nucleus. To investigate the functions AID, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed to identify the proteins which interact with AID. The human brain cDNA library was screened using pGBKT7-AID as a bait, and several positive clones were identified. One of them encodes a part of the human stathmin-like 2 protein （STMN2）. The interaction between STMN2 and APP implies that STMN2 may have an important function in APP-mediated AD formation.     

基于距离最大熵值的蛋白质结构域边界检测系统

首次将蛋白质结构域边界检测问题归结为非平衡数据学习问题, 提出一种新的欠采样方法, 即在支持向量机特征空间中对与正类样本具有距离最大熵值的负类样本进行采样. 以经过筛选的蛋白质结构域数据库作为实验数据, 支持向量机学习系统的平均预测准确率可达80%, 同时具有较高的敏感性和特异性.     

一种深度图失真引入的虚拟视失真估计方法

提出了一种深度图失真引入的虚拟视失真估计方法. 该方法依据能量一致性假设要求, 将深度图宏块划分为平坦宏块和非平坦宏块. 平坦宏块使用频域块级方法, 非平坦宏块使用时域像素级方法估计由深度图失真造成的绘制视失真. 虚拟视失真采用左右绘制视融合计算, 并计入虚拟视中空洞修复引入的失真. 该方法在宏块分类判据中综合了相机参数, 对于不同拍摄条件下的视频序列可以使用相同的判别阈值获得最佳区域划分, 通用性较强. 实验结果证明, 该方法兼顾了估计准确性和复杂度, 对于在有限码率预算条件下提高深度视频编码效率、优化三维视频码率分配具有重要的指导意义.     

蛋白质折叠二维HP模型中的关联条件及其应用

蛋白质折叠是生物信息学中的一个重要问题，因为蛋白质是生物功能的主要承载者，几乎所有的生物功能都与蛋白质有关。在本文中，我们主要讨论了二维HP模型下蛋白质折叠中疏水核的关联关系，并利用关联关系避免了在求解蛋白质链的空间结构时陷入能量局部最小值，有效地找出了蛋白质的最低能量，同时，利用关联关系去除了大量的无效构象，进而提高搜索构象的收敛速度。