Solid electrolyte composite Li_4P_2O_7-Li_3PO_4 for lithium ion battery

The researches on solid electrolyte have been significantly increasing due to the safety problem in lithium ion battery.The lithium phosphates are chosen due to environmentally friendly.In the present study Li_4 P_2 O_7 was synthesized by solid state reaction using NH_4 H_2 PO_4 and Li_2 CO_3 with the ratio 1:2 at various temperatures of600 ℃,800 ℃ and 900℃.The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy.The x-ray diffraction showed that all samples consisted of two phases.It was found that the products consisted of 52.44% Li_4 P_2 O_7 and 47.56% LiPO_3;93.56% Li_4 P_2 O_7 and 6.44% Li_3 PO_4;and46.27% Li_4 P_2 O_7 and 53.67% Li_3 PO_4 under the synthesizing temperature of 600 ℃,800℃ and 900 ℃,respectively.The highest ionic conductivity of 3.85 ×10~(-5) S/m was achieved for composite Li_4 P_2 O_7-Li_3 PO_4 with the highest content of 93.56% Li_4 P_2 O_7.This conductivity is higher compared with single phase of LiPO_3,Li_3 PO_4 and Li_4 P_2 O_7.The increase in ionic conductivity may be due to the mixed anion effects related to the phosphate networks,and it also corresponds to the existence of anorthic phase Li_4 P_2 O_7 with the space group P-1(2).The crystal lattice analysis showed that the reactant Li_4 P_2 O_7 consisted of diphosphate groups P_2 O_7.The lithium tetrahedral LiO_4 were linked to P_2 O_7 groups formed a continuous framework containing large voids,available for Li~+ ion transport,and thus it exhibited high conductivity.A composite Li_4 P_2 O_7-Li_3 PO_4 is a promising solid electrolyte for solid state battery.     

煤基炭材料用作锂离子电池负极

以煤为前驱体，经700－1000℃炭化制得煤基炭材料，用X射线衍射和恒电流法研究了炭材料微晶结构的变化以及放电性能。研究发现，随着热处理温度的增加，煤基炭材料的微晶结构逐渐变得规整，首次放电容量下降。     

Graphene-wrapped Fe2O3 nanorings for Li ion battery anodes

Graphene-wrapped Fe2O3 nanorings （RGO/ Fe2O3） were synthesized by a facile approach, which assembled with graphene and the Fe2O3 nanorings pre- cursor through the colloidal coagulation effect at room temperature. The uniform Fe2O3 nanorings prepared by hydrothermal routes were homogeneously distributed and well wrapped by graphene. When tested as anode for lithium ion batteries, RGO/Fe2O3 exhibits a high capacity and good cycling stability. This could be attributed to the interaction of ring-shaped structure and graphene sheets, which inherit the good kinetic property of Fe2O3 nanorings and enhance the structural integrity with graphene sheets＇ support.     

双层壳结构 Co$_{bf 2.7}rm {bf Cu_{0.3}O_{4}}$ 立方体复合材料的制备及锂电性能

通过溶剂热法合成了 Co/Cu-BTC 实心立方体前驱体, 并以此为自牺牲模板在空气中煅烧得到双层壳结构 Co$_{2.7}$Cu$_{0.3}$O$_{4}$ 立方体复合材料, 使用 X 射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)和透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)对材料进行物相形貌分析. 结果表明: 制备的 Co$_{2.7}$Cu$_{0.3}$O$_{4}$ 具有双层壳立方体结构. 制备的复合材料作为锂电池负极材料, 表现出优异的循环稳定性能, 这归因于其独特的双层壳结构有效地缩短了电子转移路程, 缓解了在充放电过程中的体积膨胀, 保持了结构的稳定性.     

A designed core-shell structural composite of lithium terephthalate coating on Li4Ti5O12 as anode for lithium ion batteries

A core-shell structural composite was synthesized with lithium terephthalate（Li₂C₈H₄O₄） coated on spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂（LTO）. The composite displays a capacity of about 200 mA h g^-1 and a good rate capability with two charge/discharge platforms at 1.55 and 0.8 V. The excellent cycling performance of the composite is attributed to the successful combination of high cycling stability of LTO and high specific capacity of Li₂C₈H₄O₄. In addition, an interesting phenomena is observed for the first time for this composite which is that lithium ions transfer between LTO and Li₂C₈H₄O₄ at a fast speed. This is investigated in details via the asymmetric charge/discharge measurement and cyclic voltammogram（CV）.The LTO/Li₂C₈H₄O₄ composite may have potential applications to be used as an anode material for the electric vehicle batteries, which is shallowly charged/discharged at ordinary times using the charge/discharge platform of LTO and fully charged/discharged at emergency to release the extra high capacity from Li₂C₈H₄O₄.     

锂离子电池碳负极中边缘碳及表面碳原子含量的理论计算

通过理论分析与计算得到边缘碳及表面碳原子含量的表达式。分析了石墨微晶结构与成键特征,研究了石墨微晶中边缘碳原子与基平面碳原子的电化学特性。结果表明:边缘碳原子比基平面碳原子更易于与其他原子或基团形成较为稳固的联接,电化学反应活性较高;在首次充电过程中,边缘碳原子附近电解质的分解与SEI膜成膜反应速度较快,有利于形成联接较为紧密的SEI膜;建立了紧密堆砌的正六棱柱颗粒模型,推导出理想石墨中边缘碳原子及表面碳原子含量与微晶参数、颗粒尺寸之间的关系式。通过引入适当因子,修正了实际石墨颗粒与理想石墨在结构、形貌、孔隙率等方面的差别,得到的表达式可适用于石墨、无定形碳及改性碳等多种碳材料碳原子含量的计算。     

Embedding Co3O4 nanoparticles into graphene nanoscrolls as anode for lithium ion batteries with superior capacity and outstanding cycling stability

Co_3O_4 is a promising high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries(LIBs), but suffers from unsatisfied cyclability originating duo to low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion during charge and discharge process. Herein, we successfully constructed the Co_3O_4 nanoparticles embedded into graphene nanoscrolls(GNSs) as advanced anode for high-performance LIBs with large capacity and exceptional cyclability. The onedimensional(1 D) Co_3O_4/GNSs were synthesized via liquid nitrogen cold quenching of large-size graphene oxide nanosheets and sodium citrate(SC) modified Co_3O_4 nanoparticles, followed by freeze drying and annealing at400 °C for 2 h in nitrogen atmosphere. Benefiting from the interconnected porous network constructed by 1 D Co_3O_4/GNSs for fast electron transfer and rapid ion diffusion, and wrinkled graphene shell for significantly alleviating the huge volume expansion of Co_3O_4 during lithiation and delithiation. The resultant Co_3O_4/GNSs exhibited ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1200 mAh g~(-1) at 0.1 C, outperforming most reported Co_3O_4 anodes.Moreover, they showed high rate capability of 600 m Ah g-1 at 5 C, and outstanding cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 90% after 500 cycles. Therefore, this developed strategy could be extended as an universal and scalable approach for intergrating various metal oxide materials into GNSs for energy storage and conversion applications.     

石墨烯的制备及其作为锂离子电池负极的性能

为更好地研究石墨烯作为锂离子电池负极的性能,采用改进的Hummers方法,以天然鳞片石墨为原料,设计正交实验。通过改变插层剂的组成、氧化剂的比例、氧化反应时间、温度等反应参数来优化石墨烯的制备工艺,并通过XRD、FTIR、Raman和电池充放电测试等方法对产物的组成、结构和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明：石墨经氧化后形成了含有C=0、-COOH和C-O-C等官能团的石墨层间化合物;Raman光谱中rGO的积分强度比（ID／IC）比GO明显降低;在74．4mA／g约为0．1C的电流密度下进行电池充放电,rGO负极的首次放电容量为700mAh／g,30次循环电池放电性能稳定,可逆容量为350mAh／g。     

不同成膜添加剂对LiFePO4锂离子电池性能的影响

以方型铝壳13Ah LiFePO_4锂离子电池作为研究对象,对比考察两类不同的成膜添加剂碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)和亚硫酸丙烯酯(PS)对电池性能的影响.通过对分容后电池的内阻和容量、倍率性能、脉冲性能(HPPC)、常温循环性能和高温循环性能的数据分析,得出了在电解液中添加3%VC时,电池具有较低内阻,较高容量,较好的倍率、HPPC性能、常温循环和高温循环性能.     

锂离子电池炭负极的结构与特性及其电化学性能

通过计算边缘碳原子及表面碳原子含量计算,研究边缘碳及表面碳原子含量对炭材料的电化学性能的作用机理。导出炭材料的结构与物理特性对炭材料的嵌锂性能的影响。通过对不同形貌、粒径、比表面积及有序程度的人造石墨、中间相炭微球及热解炭的电化学性能的研究,验证该机理的正确性。应用这一机理分析对人造石墨进行热处理改性,以及在人造石墨表面包覆无定形炭的改性作用。研究结果表明:边缘碳及表面碳原子的含量对固体-电解质中间相(SEI)膜的形成以及SEI膜的均匀、稳定性具有重要的作用,从而影响炭材料的首次不可逆容量及循环性能。     

锂离子电池用Si-Fe复合电极材料的制备及其性能

以Fe粉与Si粉为混合粉原料,研究经机械球磨、退火热处理后混合粉的形貌、结构与恒电流充放电性能,同时对比研究Si-Fe合金粉的性能.研究结果表明:混合粉原料经过高能机械球磨,生成了Si-Fe合金相,而Si-Fe合金的生成改善了Si作为锂离子电池负极材料的循环性能;与工业级Si-Fe合金负极材料相比,合金化程度影响了合金材料的电化学性能,合金化程度越高,合金材料电化学性能越好;而退火热处理也可以在一定程度上改善合金材料的脱嵌锂性能.     

航天用锂离子电池性能评估

通过对额定容量为10Ah电池的研究，评价了电池的比能量、高低温放电性能、循环性能及电池内阻等．实验表明，电池的能量密度超过150Wh／kg；室温与50℃的对比实验表明，随着放电倍率的增大，50℃时放电平台电压下降得更快；-10℃、-20℃及-30℃时电池放电容量分别为初始容量的97．1％、91．7％及83．3％；0．5C倍率充放电1000次循环后，电池容量仍为初始容量的86．6％；以25％、30％及40％放电深度模拟低轨道卫星做循环寿命实验，表现出良好的循环性能，已达到航天用锂离子电池性能指标．     

Influence of structure and atom sites on Sn-based anode materials for lithium ion batteries: a first-principle study

To understand the influence of structure and atom sites on the electrochemical properties of Sn-based anode materials,the lithium intercalation–deintercalation mechanisms into SnNi2Cu and SnNiCu2phases were studied using the first-principle plane wave pseudo-potential method.Calculation results showed that both SnNi2Cu and SnNiCu2were unsuitable anode materials for lithium ion batteries.The Sn-based anode structure related to the number of interstitial sites,theoretical specific capacity,and volume expansion ratio.Different atom sites led to different forces at interstitial sites,resulting in variations in formation energy,density of states,and hybrid orbital types.In order to validate the calculated model,the SnNi2Cu alloy anode material was synthesized through a chemical reduction-codeposition approach.Experimental results proved that the theoretical design was reasonable.Consequently,when selecting Snbased alloy anodes,attention should be paid to maximizing the number of interstitial sites and distributing atoms reasonably to minimize forces at these sites and facilitate the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ion.     

扣式锂离子电池的制备及性能测试综合实验设计

把扣式锂离子电池的制备及性能测试设计成化学综合实验,建立了基于正极材料的合成、正极片的制备及电池组装和性能测试的综合性开放实验.该实验以化学材料合成和电化学理论为基础,通过该实验可了解正极材料的合成方法,电池的基本结构以及电池性能的测试方法.     

Mg掺杂对锂离子电池材料Li4Ti5O12性能的影响

以固相反应法合成了尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12电极材料,通过掺杂Mg以提高其导电性及综合性能.XRD 表征了材料的结构特征,并通过激光粒度分析仪进行了粒度分析;用循环伏安、充放电曲线和循环次数考察了掺杂产物的电化学性能;在0.1C的放电倍率下放电,Li4Ti5O12的首次放电容量为158 mAh/g,结果表明掺杂了Mg的LiTiO产品的电化学性能和循环性能得到了很大改善.     

聚合物锂离子电池负极电化学性能研究

制备了聚合物锂离子电池用负极 ,对其首次充放电效率、比容量、不同放电倍率下放电性能进行了测试 .首次充放电容量分别为 340 m A· h·g- 1和 310 m A·h· g- l,库仑效率可达 91% .以锂锰氧为正极组装了聚合物锂离子电池 ,通过测试表明制备的聚合物锂离子电池具有较好的循环性和大电流放电能力 .所制负极可应用于聚合物锂离子电池中 .     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的Al2O3包覆研究

文章采用高温固相法合成尖晶石LiMn2O4,并采用液相包覆的方法对其进行改性处理。采用XRD、SEM、XPS以及电池测试系统等,研究了所制备材料的结构、组成、性能和包覆机理。实验结果表明:表面处理后的LiMn2O4循环性能显著提高,以A12O3对尖晶石LiMn2O4进行表面包覆,使LiMn2O4颗粒不与电解液直接接触,可以防止锰离子溶解在电解液中,获得结构稳定、循环性能优异的锂离子电池正极材料;同时Al2O3会和电解液中微量的HF反应,减小了HF对锰离子溶解的加速作用。     

高电压锂离子电池正极材料LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4制备及改性

采用草酸铵共沉淀-高温固相烧结法合成了高电压尖晶石正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4及其掺杂改性材料LiNi0.4Mg0.1Mn1.5O4.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、恒流充放电测试等对所合成样品进行表征.XRD测试表明所合成的样品具有尖晶石结构,空间群为Fd3m.电化学测试表明,样品有两个主放电平台,分别为4.7V和4.1V.经过800℃煅烧的样品LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4具有最好的倍率性能.经过900℃煅烧的样品具有最好的循环性能,以0.1C充放电,最高放电比容量达到124.2mAh.g-1,循环30次后容量保持率达92.7%.Mg掺杂的改性样品LiNi0.4Mg0.1Mn1.5O4在0.1C倍率下循环30次后容量保持率达95.7%,Mg的掺杂可以提高该材料的循环性能.     

轻度剥离二硫化钼／石墨烯复合材料的制备及其电化学储锂性能

为了增强MoS2的电化学储锂性能,将轻度剥离的商业MoS2与氧化石墨烯悬浮液混合,用液相还原法制备了轻度剥离MoS2／石墨烯复合材料,并对其微观结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明轻度剥离MoS2的层数明显减少,其表面产生了许多裂纹,复合材料中轻度剥离的MoS2与石墨烯能较好地复合在一起。电化学测试表明与商业化MoS2比,轻度剥离MoSe／石墨烯复合材料具有更高的电化学储锂容量（1022mAh／g）,更好的循环稳定性能和显著增强的充放电倍率性能。电化学阻抗测试表明石墨烯显著降低了电极反应过程中的电子转移电阻。电化学储锂性能的增强主要是由于轻度剥离MoS2层数的明显减少及其表面的许多裂纹,以及轻度剥离MoS2与石墨烯之间的相互协同作用。电化学阻抗测试证明了石墨烯显著增强了复合电极材料的导电性能和电化学贮锂过程中电子传递能力。     

稻壳制备锂离子电池炭负极材料

研究了炭化温度、升温速率以及碱处理浓度对稻壳制备锂离子电池负极材料结构及充放电性能的影响。通过差热热重分析曲线(DT-TGA)、元素分析、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)以及电化学性能测试手段对材料进行了表征。结果表明:在最佳实验条件下,材料首次充电容量为678mA.h/g,首次放电容量为239mA.h/g,循环10次的容量保持率为86.2%。