Facile ball-milled synthesis of SnS2-carbon nanocomposites with superior lithium storage

A facile high-energy ball-milling method was developed to synthesize SnS_2-carbon(SnS_2/C-x(x = 40, 50, 60 wt%)) nanocomposites. The results showed that as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), the SnS_2-C nanocomposites exhibited high discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability. For the optimized SnS_2/C-50 wt% nanocomposite, a discharge capacity as high as 700 mA h g~(-1) and the initial coulombic efficiency of 80.8% were achieved at a current density of 100 mA g~(-1). The unique structure with SnS_2 nanoparticles(NPs)embedded into carbon network provided abundant Li-ion storage sites, high electronic conductivity and fast ion diffusion. The ball-milled synthesis is applicable for large-scale preparation of new sulfide-based anode materials with good performance for LIBs.     

A designed core-shell structural composite of lithium terephthalate coating on Li4Ti5O12 as anode for lithium ion batteries

A core-shell structural composite was synthesized with lithium terephthalate（Li₂C₈H₄O₄） coated on spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂（LTO）. The composite displays a capacity of about 200 mA h g^-1 and a good rate capability with two charge/discharge platforms at 1.55 and 0.8 V. The excellent cycling performance of the composite is attributed to the successful combination of high cycling stability of LTO and high specific capacity of Li₂C₈H₄O₄. In addition, an interesting phenomena is observed for the first time for this composite which is that lithium ions transfer between LTO and Li₂C₈H₄O₄ at a fast speed. This is investigated in details via the asymmetric charge/discharge measurement and cyclic voltammogram（CV）.The LTO/Li₂C₈H₄O₄ composite may have potential applications to be used as an anode material for the electric vehicle batteries, which is shallowly charged/discharged at ordinary times using the charge/discharge platform of LTO and fully charged/discharged at emergency to release the extra high capacity from Li₂C₈H₄O₄.     

石墨烯包覆SnO2空心球的制备及其锂离子电池负极性能

以K2SnO3为原料,采用简单的水热反应,通过基于静电引力的自组装机制,制得石墨烯包覆SnO2空心球的复合材料.采用SEM、TEM、XRD、N2吸附等温线研究了复合材料的形貌和结构;采用电化学方法研究了复合材料的锂离子电池负极性能.结果表明,复合材料为石墨烯包覆的直径约200～300nm的SnO2空心球,比表面积为140.1 m2·g-1.当放电电流密度为158m A·g-1时,充电比容量为425 mAh·g-1,库伦效率保持为92%以上,复合材料具有良好的循环性能.     

高性能锂离子电池负极材料一氧化锰/石墨烯复合材料的合成

通过冻干-煅烧合成了一氧化锰/石墨烯(MnO/rGO)复合材料,并将其用作锂离子电池负极材料.在500 mA·g-1的电流密度下,MnO/rGO复合材料表现出高达830 mAh·g-1的可逆容量,且在充放电循环160圈后,其可逆容量依然高达805 mAh·g-1.倍率测试结果显示,循环225圈后,在2.0 A·g-1的电流密度下,其可逆容量高达412 mAh·g-1.复合材料中的石墨烯在提高材料导电性的同时有效地缓解了一氧化锰充放电过程中的体积膨胀.通过对比容量-电压的微分分析,发现复合材料超出一氧化锰理论容量的部分是由形成了更高价态的锰引起的.MnO/rGO复合材料比纯一氧化锰(p-MnO)更容易出现高价态的锰,可能是因为rGO上残留的氧为电极反应提供了额外所需的氧源.该一氧化锰/石墨烯复合材料因其简单绿色的合成过程及优异的电化学性质,有望在未来的锂电负极中得到广泛的实际应用.     

Li3N film modified separator with homogenization effect of lithium ions for stable lithium metal battery

Lithium metal anode with high theoretical capacity is considered to be one of the most potential anode materials of the next generation. However, the growth of lithium dendrite seriously affects the application of lithium metal anode and the development of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, an ultrathin Li₃N film modified separator to homogenize the lithium ions and protect the lithium metal anode was reported. Due to the intrinsic properties of Li₃N, the functional separator possessed good thermal stability, mechanical properties and electrolyte wettability, and the homogenization of the lithium ion was realized without increasing the interface impedance. With this functional separator, the Li/Li symmetrical cell could achieve a long cycle with low overpotential for 1000 ​h at a current density of 1 ​mA ​cm⁻². Furthermore, when the full battery was assembled with LiFePO₄ and the discharge capacity could be maintained at 151 mAh g⁻¹ after 400 cycles at 1 ​C. In addition, the full battery also showed good rate performance, and provided a high discharge capacity of 114 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 ​C.     

CuO微米梭的制备及其电化学性能研究

尽管各种各样的CuO纳米结构已被广泛应用于锂离子电池负极材料的研究,但将CuO微米梭作为锂离子电池负极材料却鲜有报道. 运用简单的溶剂热法制备大量的CuO微米梭,并用作锂离子电池负极材料. 实验表明,CuO微米梭在电流密度为100 mA g-1下充放电循环100次后,放电容量依然保持在484 mAh g-1. CuO微米梭优异的电化学性能归功于其独特的梭形结构. 这种结构在锂离子电池充放电过程中可以缩短锂离子和电子的传输距离,缓解体积膨胀效应.     

Sodium-ion capacitors with superior energy-power performance by using carbon-based materials in both electrodes

Na-ion capacitors(NICs) are promising energy storage devices in virtue of their merits in combining the high energy densities of secondary batteries and the high power densities of supercapacitors.However,it is still very challenging to achieve a balanced energy-power performance in NIC device due to the kinetic imbalance between the battery-type anode and the capacitive-type cathode.In this work,an NIC device based on carbon materials for both anode and cathode has been reported.As-prepared(polyimide/graphene oxide)-derived carbon(PIGC) anode material shows excellent rate capability,which can deliver a specific capacity of 110 mAh g~(-1) at high current densities of 5 A g~(-1).In addition,the N,B co-doped expanded reduced graphite oxide(NBEG)cathode demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 328 F g~(-1).Due to the improved rate capability of PIGC anode and specific capacitance of NBEG cathode,the imbalance on the energy and power densities between anode and cathode is well addressed.As-assembled PIGC//NBEG device can deliver an energy density of 55 W h kg~(-1) even at a high power density of 9500 W kg~(-1).The energy-power properties of PIGC//NBEG are superior to many state-of-the-art NIC devices that using carbon or non-carbon based electrodes.This work offers not only a promising device configuration with superior energy-power properties,but also a guidance for the design strategies on electrode materials for high-throughput energy storage systems.     

Anode material with Li-Si nano-domains in three-dimensional carbon network

A micro-nano combined composite with Li-Si alloy nano-domains in three-dimensional carbon network was prepared as a novel electrode material.The carbon network constrained the volume contraction and promoted effectively charge transfer of the whole active material.Meanwhile,the abundant interfaces between Li-Si alloy and carbon bound by Li-C ionic bonds,not only enhanced the delithiation at interface but also ensured the structural integrity.The present composite exhibited excellent electrochemical performance.The specific capacity at the first lithiation was as high as 1133 mAh g~(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g~(-1),which is superior to those reported for the core-shell structured nanoparticles.The Coulombic Efficiency at the first cycle was 90.4%and kept stable at more than 99.0%after only 10 cycles.The capacity retention was nearly twice as that of the incompact mixture of Li-Si nanoparticles and carbon.The energy density of the full cell constructed by the present composite and sulfur was evaluated to be 3 times as high as that of the commercial lithium-ion batteries.This work provides a new universal strategy for developing Li-rich anode materials with high combination properties and low cost.     

锂离子二次电池铜锡合金负极研究进展

与碳负极材料相比,锡基合金材料具有高容量、高密度的优势,有望成为新一代高容量锂离子电池的首选负极材料。Cu-Sn合金是研究最为广泛的锡基合金材料之一。综述了近年来该领域的研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

具有分级结构的Co_3O_4绣球花状微米球的构筑及其锂离子电池负极性能研究

采用溶剂热法合成了绣球花状Co_3O_4纳米材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪进行了微观形貌和结构的表征,结果显示样品的形貌为4~6μm绣球花状分级结构微米球,结晶良好,无杂相生成。该绣球花状Co_3O_4纳米材料用做锂离子电池负极材料时表现出很高的可逆比容量和良好的循环性能。在300 m A/g电流密度下,首次放电比容量达1 508 m A·h/g,经过20次循环可逆比容量为1 300 m A·h/g。其良好的电化学性能归功于绣球花状Co_3O_4材料的独特形貌,其多级结构能够缩短锂离子的传输路径,并且拥有足够大的孔隙,来适应和缓解电极材料在循环过程的体积效应。     

Double carbon decorated lithium titanate as anode material with high rate performance for lithium-ion batteries

Spinel lithium titanate(Li_4Ti_5O_(12)) has the advantages of structural stability, however it suffers the disadvantages of low lithium-ion diffusion coefficient as well as low conductivity. In order to solve issues,we reported a simple method to prepare carbon-coated Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs(C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs) using stearic acid as surfactant and carbon source to prepare carbon coated nanosized particles. The obtained Li_4Ti_5O_(12) particles of 100 nm in size are coated with the carbon layers pyrolyzed from stearic acid and dispersed in CNTs matrix homogeneously. These results show that the synthesized C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs material used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, presenting a better high-rate performance(147 m Ahg~(-1)at20 C). The key factors affecting the high-rate properties of the C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs composite may be related to the synergistic effects of the CNTs matrix and the carbon- coating layers with conductivity enhancement. Additionally, the amorphous carbon coating is an effective route to ameliorate the rate capability of Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs.     

Hollow bismuth ferrite combined graphene as advanced anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Hollow bismuth ferrite nanofibers were fabricated via simple electrospinning process,and the storage properties of Na-ions were investigated by atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectrum(APXPS) and Synchrotron Radiation.The results show that the hollow bismuth ferrite nanotubes demonstrate impressive sodium storage properties and good cycling stability that the specific capacity can exceed 500 mA h g~(-1) and the cycle number reaches several hundred cycles.The graphene-coated bismuth ferrite nanotubes exhibit a specific capacity of600 mAhg~(-1)and a 89% capacity retention after 200 cycles.The present strategy can be a significant step to fabricate hollow perovskite oxides and serve as sodium ion batteries.     

石墨烯/Cu-MOF锂电池负极材料的制备及电化学性能研究

金属有机骨架化合物是一种由金属离子与有机配体通过配位键或共价键合成的新型的电极材料。然而,其低的电子导电率和严重的不可逆锂存储制约了该材料在锂电池领域的实际应用。石墨烯具有一系列独特属性,如高的导电率、高表面积、化学稳定性，机械强度和柔韧性,多孔结构。通常用来掺杂在电极材料中以提高循环性能和增加电池的容量。在本实验中,我们研究了Cu-MOF掺杂石墨烯(Cu-MOF/RGO)作为锂电负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,在充放电电流密度为50 mA g-1时，充放电循环50次后，材料的放电比容量可达到520 mAh g-1。同时该材料也显示出较好的倍率性能和较高的库仑效率。由此可以看出Cu-MOF/RGO是一种具有前景的锂离子电池负极材料。     

Layered carbon-based pseudocapacitive materials for lithium/sodium-ion capacitor with high energy-power densities and long cycle life

Hybrid ion capacitors that combined high-power density of supercapacitor and high-energy density of battery are drawing attention to insufficient power densities of currently-used lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Two kinds of layered carbon-based pseudocapacitive materials were used as both anode and cathode for lithium/sodium ion capacitors(LICs/NICs) with balanced energy/power properties.As-assembled NIC and LIC could deliver the energy densities of 125.7 Wh kg~(-1)and 119.6 Wh kg~(-1) at the power density of 7941.2 W kg~(-1) and 8823.5 W kg~(-1),respectively.The electrochemical properties of NICs were better than that of LICs when the current density was below 4 A g ~(-1) although the working voltage of LIC is higher than that of NICs,and the size of Na ~(-1) is larger than that of Li~+.Using an instantaneous potential technique,it is found that the increase of the capacity for anode material in low potential region will effectively enhance the electrochemical performance for the full device.     

SnO2基锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

 作为一种N型半导体,二氧化锡基负极材料由于其拥有较高的理论比容量（782 mA·h·g^-1）、高能量密度等优势受到了广泛关注。然而,由于二氧化锡负极材料在充放电过程中的体积效应和本身导电性较差等导致的其循环性能和倍率性能较差,从而制约了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的应用。本文从二氧化锡的纳米化及复合化（包括其与金属氧化物、无定型碳、碳纳米管和石墨烯等复合）2 方面综述了二氧化锡基锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展,同时对SnO₂基锂离子电池负极材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

Embedding Co3O4 nanoparticles into graphene nanoscrolls as anode for lithium ion batteries with superior capacity and outstanding cycling stability

Co_3O_4 is a promising high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries(LIBs), but suffers from unsatisfied cyclability originating duo to low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion during charge and discharge process. Herein, we successfully constructed the Co_3O_4 nanoparticles embedded into graphene nanoscrolls(GNSs) as advanced anode for high-performance LIBs with large capacity and exceptional cyclability. The onedimensional(1 D) Co_3O_4/GNSs were synthesized via liquid nitrogen cold quenching of large-size graphene oxide nanosheets and sodium citrate(SC) modified Co_3O_4 nanoparticles, followed by freeze drying and annealing at400 °C for 2 h in nitrogen atmosphere. Benefiting from the interconnected porous network constructed by 1 D Co_3O_4/GNSs for fast electron transfer and rapid ion diffusion, and wrinkled graphene shell for significantly alleviating the huge volume expansion of Co_3O_4 during lithiation and delithiation. The resultant Co_3O_4/GNSs exhibited ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1200 mAh g~(-1) at 0.1 C, outperforming most reported Co_3O_4 anodes.Moreover, they showed high rate capability of 600 m Ah g-1 at 5 C, and outstanding cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 90% after 500 cycles. Therefore, this developed strategy could be extended as an universal and scalable approach for intergrating various metal oxide materials into GNSs for energy storage and conversion applications.     

锂离子电池多孔硅／碳复合负极材料研究

以硅粉、镁粉和葡萄糖为原料,采用高温固相烧结工艺及水热法制备了循环性能优异的锂离子电池多孔硅／碳复合负极材料．利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对样品物相和微观形貌进行表征,研究了无定形碳包覆量对产物电化学性能的影响．无定形碳的存在,不仅对多孔硅粉的三维孔隙结构起到了支撑作用,也可有效改善复合材料的导电性能并有效缓冲电化学嵌／脱锂过程中多孔硅颗粒所产生的体积效应．电化学性能测试表明,10次循环后,多孔硅／碳复合负极材料平均每周次容量衰减为0．41%,100次循环后其可逆容量仍可维持在608．7mA·h／g．     

Direct growth of Fe3O4-MoO2 hybrid nanofilm anode with enhanced electrochemical performance in neutral aqueous electrolyte

To enhance the electrochemical energy storage performance of supercapacitors(SCs), the current researches are general directed towards the cathode materials. However, the anode materials are relatively less studied. In the present work, Fe_3O_4-MoO_2(FO-MO) hybrid nano thin film directly grown on Ti substrate is investigated, which is used as high-performance anode material for SCs in Li_2SO_4 electrolyte with the comparison to pristine Fe_3O_4 nanorod array. The areal capacitance of FO-MO hybrid electrode was initially found to be 65.0 m F cm~(-2)at 2 m Vs~(-1)and continuously increased to 260.0% after 50 cycles of activation. The capacitance values were considerably comparable or higher than many reported thinfilm iron oxide-based anodes in neutral electrolyte. With the protection of MoO_2 shell, the FO-MO electrode developed in this study also exhibited excellent cyclic stability(increased to 230.8% after 1000cycles). This work presents a promising way to improve the electrochemical performance of iron oxidebased anodes for SCs.     

锂离子动力蓄电池充放电基本性能的研究

为了考察锂离子动力蓄电池应用于电动汽车的可行性 ,本文以MCMB和LiCoO2 为正负极材料 ,自行设计组装了 5A·h、2 5A·h和 50A·h的方形层叠式锂离子动力蓄电池 ,用恒电流限电压充放电方法研究了其在不同电流下的放电行为和荷电保持能力 .研究结果表明 :以0 .2C倍率、10 0 %DOD放电时 50A·h电池的质量比能量和能量密度可分别达到 10 7.4W·h/kg和 185.1W·h/L ,已经超过了美国电池先进联合体 (USABC)规定的动力蓄电池的中期开发目标。 5Ah电池的 1C倍率放电容量可保持 0 .1C倍率放电容量的 79.35% .电池的荷电保持性能良好 ,日平均自放电率小于 0 .32 4 % /d ,开路电压月下降只有 0 .1V左右     

Enhanced electrochemical stability of carbon-coated antimony nanoparticles with sodium alginate binder for sodium-ion batteries

The poor cycling stability of antimony during a repeated sodium ion insertion and desertion process is the key issue, which leads to an unsatisfactory application as an anode material in a sodium-ion battery. Addressed at this, we report a facile two-step method to coat antimony nanoparticles with an ultrathin carbon layer of few nanometers (denoted Sb@C NPs) for sodium-ion battery anode application. This carbon layer could buffer the volume change of antimony in the charge-discharge process and improve the battery cycle performance. Meanwhile, this carbon coating could also enhance the interfacial stability by firmly connecting the sodium alginate binders through its oxygen-rich surface. Benefitted from these advantages, an improved initial discharge capacity (788.5?mA?h?g^?1) and cycling stability capacity (553?mA?h?g^?1 after 50 times cycle) have been obtained in a battery using Sb@C NPs as anode materials at 50?mA?g^?1.