Elevated UV-B radiation reduces genome stability in plants

Long-term depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer contributes to an increase in terrestrial solar ultraviolet-B radiation. This has deleterious effects on living organisms, such as DNA damage. When exposed to elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-315 nm), plants display a wide variety of physiological and morphological responses characterized as acclimation and adaptation. Here we show, using special sun simulators, that elevated solar UV-B doses increase the frequency of somatic homologous DNA rearrangements in Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. Increases in recombination are accompanied by a strong induction of photolyase and Rad51 gene expression. These genes are putatively involved in major DNA repair pathways, photoreactivation and recombination repair. In mutant Arabidopsis plants that are deficient in photoreactivating ultraviolet-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, recombination under elevated UV-B regimes greatly exceeds wild-type levels. Our results show that homologous recombination repair pathways might be involved in eliminating UV-B-induced DNA lesions in plants. Thus, increases in terrestrial solar UV-B radiation as forecasted for the early 21st century may affect genome stability in plants.     

The genome sequence and structure of rice chromosome 1

The rice species Oryza sativa is considered to be a model plant because of its small genome size, extensive genetic map, relative ease of transformation and synteny with other cereal crops. Here we report the essentially complete sequence of chromosome 1, the longest chromosome in the rice genome. We summarize characteristics of the chromosome structure and the biological insight gained from the sequence. The analysis of 43.3 megabases (Mb) of non-overlapping sequence reveals 6,756 protein coding genes, of which 3,161 show homology to proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, another model plant. About 30% (2,073) of the genes have been functionally categorized. Rice chromosome 1 is (G + C)-rich, especially in its coding regions, and is characterized by several gene families that are dispersed or arranged in tandem repeats. Comparison with a draft sequence indicates the importance of a high-quality finished sequence.     

Degradation of a cohesin subunit by the N-end rule pathway is essential for chromosome stability

Cohesion between sister chromatids is established during DNA replication and depends on a protein complex called cohesin. At the metaphase-anaphase transition in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the ESP1-encoded protease separin cleaves SCC1, a subunit of cohesin with a relative molecular mass of 63,000 (Mr 63K). The resulting 33K carboxy-terminal fragment of SCC1 bears an amino-terminal arginine-a destabilizing residue in the N-end rule. Here we show that the SCC1 fragment is short-lived (t1/2 approximately 2 min), being degraded by the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent N-end rule pathway. Overexpression of a long-lived derivative of the SCC1 fragment is lethal. In ubr1Delta cells, which lack the N-end rule pathway, we found a highly increased frequency of chromosome loss. The bulk of increased chromosome loss in ubr1Delta cells is caused by metabolic stabilization of the ESP1-produced SCC1 fragment. This fragment is the first physiological substrate of the N-end rule pathway that is targeted through its N-terminal residue. A number of yeast proteins bear putative cleavage sites for the ESP1 separin, suggesting other physiological substrates and functions of the N-end rule pathway.     

RAPD法探究百草枯对HepG2细胞基因组稳定性的影响

目的:探讨百草枯(PQ)处理对HepG2细胞基因组稳定性的影响.方法:采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)标记技术,选取20种随机引物分析PQ处理24h对HepG2细胞基因组稳定性的影响.结果:引物5’-GGAAGTCGCC-3’、5’-ACGCGCATGT-3’和5’-GAATCGGCCA-3’的扩增产物在正常组与7.21、10.67、15.78、22.36和34.57mg/L的PQ处理组间有较明显差异.其中,引物5’-GGAAGTCGCC-3’的2种扩增产物(约2 200和2 600bp)在所有PQ处理组均缺失;引物5’-ACGCGCATGT-3’的2种扩增产物(约250和1 200bp)在高于7.21mg/L的PQ处理组均发生缺失,1种扩增产物(约1 500bp)在34.57mg/L的PQ处理组发生缺失,另有2种扩增产物(约400和550bp)在34.57mg/L的PQ处理组含量较低;引物5’-GAATCGGCCA-3’有2种扩增产物(约900和1 900bp)在全部PQ处理组均缺失,另2种扩增产物(约530和560bp)新出现在各PQ处理组.结论PQ处理会破坏HepG2细胞基因组的完整性和稳定性.     

维修纪录数据的可靠性统计分析

假设某些产品寿命服从指数分布,对维修纪录数据进行了统计分析,并考虑了总体样本容量未知的情形.给出了分布的参数估计以及总体样本容量的估计,并获得了估计的强收敛速度以及均方收敛速度,还考虑了一些可靠性指标的估计.最后给出了蒙特卡罗模拟,来验证估计的方法的可行性与有效性.     

数据仓库增量维护技术的研究

提出了数据仓库设计中的一种新的"基于多delta文件的选择增量维护算法",该算法实现了加载、维护的较小结果集,另外采用多层体系结构,用基库将操作型OLTP环境和DSS和OLAP环境桥接起来,在基库端和仓库端采用多版本控制思想控制抽取动态结果集大小以及在数据仓库端采用增量维护的算法,从而在维护后台进程中用的是较小的数据结果集批量加载,并不影响数据仓库端的查询操作,明显地减少了对OLAP和OLTP环境的影响.该算法和体系结构宜于实现,具有较强的工程参考价值.     

Essential role for oncogenic Ras in tumour maintenance.

Advanced malignancy in tumours represents the phenotypic endpoint of successive genetic lesions that affect the function and regulation of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. The established tumour is maintained through complex and poorly understood host-tumour interactions that guide processes such as angiogenesis and immune sequestration. The many different genetic alterations that accompany tumour genesis raise questions as to whether experimental cancer-promoting mutations remain relevant during tumour maintenance. Here we show that melanoma genesis and maintenance are strictly dependent upon expression of H-RasV12G in a doxycycline-inducible H-Ras12G mouse melanoma model null for the tumour suppressor INK4a. Withdrawal of doxycycline and H-RasV12G down-regulation resulted in clinical and histological regression of primary and explanted tumours. The initial stages of regression involved marked apoptosis in the tumour cells and host-derived endothelial cells. Although the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was found to be Ras-dependent in vitro, the failure of persistent endogenous and enforced VEGF expression to sustain tumour viability indicates that the tumour-maintaining actions of activated Ras extend beyond the regulation of VEGF expression in vivo. Our results provide genetic evidence that H-RasV12G is important in both the genesis and maintenance of solid tumours.     

火电厂状态检修中决策支持系统的研究

论述了在火电设备状态检修中引进检测决策支持系统的必要性，提出了火电厂检修决策支持系统的总体框架，考虑到检修方案制定过程的复杂性而采用电厂相关人员参与评估的方法，同时对决策支持系统中较为成熟的传统决策支持方法进行了改进，结合初步实现的电厂检修决策支持系统给出了典型步骤和相关评估算法。     

St染色体组ISSR分子标记的建立和应用

以中国春(CS)、绵阳11(MY11)等小麦为对照,以拟鹅观草(Pseudoroegneria spicata)、中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)、中国春茸毛偃麦草双二倍体(TE)为材料筛选100条ISSR引物,筛选到引物811能在拟鹅观草扩增出一条758 bp的特异DNA片段(GenBank登录号为EU368734),记为p811758.利用该引物对一系列含有St染色体组的二倍体或多倍体进行PCR扩增,结果显示含有St染色体的材料均可以扩增出p811758,小麦属的其他不含St染色体的物种不能扩增出p811758.以两套中国春-中间偃麦草二体附加系为材料进行初步染色体定位,结果表明所有材料均扩增出了这条特异带.进一步对中国春中间偃麦草后代进行扩增,结果表明p811758可以作为分子标记用来检测小麦背景中含St的染色质.     

An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Problem of Genome Rearrangement

In view of the fact that the problem of sorting unsigned permutation by reversal is NP-hard, while the problem of sorting signed permutation by reversal can be solved easily, in this paper, we first transform an unsigned permutation of length n,π （π1 ,… ,πn）, into a set S（π） containing 2^n signed permutations, so that the reversal distance of π is equal to the reversal distance of the optimal signed permutation in S（π）. Then analyze the structural features of S（π） by creating a directed graph and induce a new computing model of this question. Finally, an improved genetic algorithm for solving the new model is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed model and algorithm is very efficient in practice.     

Development of homozygosity for chromosome 11p markers in Wilms' tumour

Somatic alterations in the genome are found in many human tumours. Chromosome rearrangements or base substitutions that activate cellular oncogenes appear to act dominantly. In contrast, recessive alleles apparently contribute to childhood retinoblastoma, as homozygosity (or hemizygosity ) for chromosome 13 is often established in tumours, by either mitotic nondisjunction or recombination. Parallels exist between retinoblastoma and childhood Wilms' tumour (WT). Retinoblastoma is often inherited and accompanied by a deletion of chromosome 13 (band q14), while WT is occasionally associated with aniridia and deletion of chromosome 11 band p13. Most Wilms' tumours are sporadic and not accompanied by these findings, although interstitial deletion of chromosome 11 in tumour, but not normal, cells has been reported. In view of these parallels, we compared constitutional and tumour DNAs from WT patients by using chromosome 11p DNA probes. We report here that although heterozygosity in constitutional DNAs was often preserved in tumour DNAs, one case developed homozygosity for chromosome 11p markers in tumour cells, implying the involvement of chromosomal events in revealing a recessive WT locus. This observation suggests the action of such general mechanisms in a tumour other than retinoblastoma.     

数据网格中复制式数据的一致性维护方法

由于网格环境动态性的特点,网格延迟的不稳定等问题会严重影响数据的可获得性.针对这个问题,采用复制式的数据模型来给予解决.通过在数据网格中维护多个数据副本,用户可以选择其中任意一个进行访问修改.通过将网格服务与数据分离,将数据模型化为线性数据和树型数据,可以支持用户对网格数据的实时修改,并且可以维持多个数据副本的一致性.提出了一个新的时间戳模型,可以支持一个数据副本上的并发操作.本方法是一个无锁的算法,可以满足网格环境下数据的RIC属性.