稀土和锶变质的Al—Si—Mg合金

选择理想的变质剂是制备高强韧铸造Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｍｇ合金的重要手段。采用富镧混合稀土和锶对Ａ３５７合金进行了变质处理,研究了它们对合金铸态、力学性能及含量的影响。结果表明,在保证合金含铁量Ｆｅ≤０．１１％时,富镧混合稀土比锶有更理想的除氢和变质效果细化组织中共晶硅的能力和综合力学性能。     

ZrO_2增韧Al_2O_3／SiCw陶瓷复合材料研究

研究了热压烧结Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋０．２０ＳｉＣｗ（体积分数，下同）－ＺｒＯ２（摩尔分数为０．０２Ｙ２Ｏ３，记为ＺｒＯ２（０．０２Ｙ））陶瓷复合材料的力学性能及韧化机制。结果表明，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋０．２０ＳｉＣｗ陶瓷中添加ＺｒＯ２（０．０２Ｙ）颗粒可使Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋０．２０ＳｉＣｗ材料进一步韧化和强化；室温下Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋０．２０ＳｉＣｗ＋０．３０ＺｒＯ２（０．０２Ｙ）复合材料的断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别可达１０．８５ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２和１２０７ＭＰａ。断口形貌和裂纹扩展途径的ＳＥＭ观察和ＸＲＤ分析结果表明，复合材料的增韧机制为裂纹偏转与绕过，晶须桥接与拔出以及相变增韧，并且晶须增韧与相变增韧具有良好的叠加性     

混合稀土对Al—Si—Cu系合金铸造组织与硬度的影响

该文借助金相，电镜和热分析等手段，研究微量混合稀土（０．０５％￣０．５０％，质量分数）对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｃｕ合金铸态组织与硬度的影响。结果表明，凝固速度显著影响稀土对代晶硅相的变质效果，稀土减小α（Ａｌ）二次枝晶间距，并使合金铸态硬度提高。试验证实，稀土使合金中化纹状三元共晶α（Ａｌ）＋Ｓｉ＋Ａｌ２Ｃｕ减少，块状Ａｌ２Ｃｕ相增加。     

SiC/Al_2O_3/Al-Si 复合材料的组织结构和性能

通过Ｘ－射线衍射、光学显微检验和扫描电子显微镜观察，研究了由Ａｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ合金高温直接氧化形成的ＳｉＣ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ－Ｓｉ复合材料的相组成和显微结构，分析了工艺参数和材料显微结构对其力学性能的影响。实验结果表明，材料抗弯强度可高达５００ＭＰａ、断裂韧性达５．０８ＭＰａ·ｍ１２，致密度高达９８．４１％。     

添加钇对TiAl合金组织和性能的影响

设计并熔炼了成分为（Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ５０）１００－ｘＹｘ（ａｔｏｍ）＝０－２．０％）的合金，用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、三点弯曲试验等手段，研究了添加钇（Ｙ）对ＴｉＡｌ合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：２的添加能改变ＴｉＡｌ合金中Ｏ、Ｎ等间隙原子含量并增加ＴｉＡｌ合金显微组织，使γＴｉＡｌ使合金晶粒细化，促进γ＋α２片层状组织的形成，适量钇的添加能降低ＴｉＡｌ合金中Ｏ、Ｎ等间隙原子含量并增加ＴｉＡｌ     

稀土镧在AlCo金属间化合物中的固溶度

用金相、Ｘ射线衍射分析及硬度测量等方法研究了ＡｌＣｏ金属间化合物的结构和添加不同稀土镧后的平衡相组成，并确定稀土镧在ＡｌＣｏ金属间化合物中室温和１０００℃时的固溶度分别为０．５％（原子）和０．７％（原子）．     

气体喷雾－水淬工艺制造Al－Si合金粉末

采用气体喷雾－水淬工艺制造一系列Ａｌ－Ｓｉ共晶和过共晶合金粉末，重点研究喷雾条件对粉末粒度的影响及初晶硅大小和粉末含氧量与粉末粒度的关系，结果表明，用这种经过改进的工艺制造的合金粉末组织十分均匀细致，初晶硅的尺寸为２～７μｍ，氮气喷雾粉末的含氧量为０．１５％（质量分数），小于０．２００～０．２２０ｍｍ的细粉占全部粉末的９０％以上。     

Al_2O_3／nano－SiC复相陶瓷力学性能及显微结构

研究了热压烧结Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ｎａｎｏ－ＳｉＣ复相陶瓷的力学性能及显微结构。研究表明,纳米ＳｉＣ的引入显著地改善了材料的力学性能,在ＳｉＣ添加体积分数为１０％时,Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ｎａｎｏ－ＳｉＣ复相陶瓷抗弯强度σｆ达峰值为８６９ＭＰａ,断裂韧性ＫＩｃ也达峰值为６．７ＭＰａ·ｍ０．５,比纯Ａｌ２Ｏ３基体材料分别提高１３８％和８１％。ＴＥＭ观察表明：纳米ＳｉＣ晶粒主要存在于Ａｌ２Ｏ３基体晶粒内部,形成独特的“晶内型”结构。当受外力作用时,既能因弥散的纳米颗粒诱发穿晶断裂,且穿晶断裂时,还能因晶内存在第二相颗粒而引起裂纹偏转,起到增强增韧作用。     

SiC_P／ZA22复合材料组织及性能

对采用半固态搅拌法制备的ＳｉＣＰ／ＺＡ２２复合材料的组织和常温、高温力学性能进行了研究，并和ＺＡ２２基体合金作了对比．研究发现：ＳｉＣ颗粒大多分布于晶界，部分ＳｉＣ颗粒和基体界面上有反应物生成，ＳｉＣ可以充当合金初生相形核衬底，分布于晶内并细化枝晶。力学性能与颗粒分布均匀性、界面结合强度密切相关。和ＺＡ２２合金相比，该复合材料弹性模量上升，冲击韧性下降，高温条件下表现出较好的力学稳定性     

稀土元素对快凝 AlFeVSi 合金性能和组织的影响

采用力学拉伸试验、透射电镜、扫描电镜等测试手段研究了稀土元素Ｅｒ,Ｙ,Ｃｅ对ＦＶＳ０８１２合金挤压棒材的力学性能和显微组织的影响,并通过考察稀土元素与合金组成元素之间的交互作用强度,定性地分析了稀土元素在快凝ＡｌＦｅＶＳｉ合金中的作用机理．结果表明,Ｅｒ促使粗大块状δ相的形成,加Ｙ则有较粗大的类球形第２相Ａｌ２０（Ｖ,Ｆｅ）２Ｙ的析出,而Ｃｅ没有生成其它相,但是明显细化了Ａｌ１２（Ｆｅ,Ｖ）３Ｓｉ硅化物质点,因此,采用Ｃｅ合金化可以改善合金显微组织,明显改善快凝ＡｌＦｅＶＳｉ合金力学性能．稀土元素对快凝ＡｌＦｅＶＳｉ合金组织性能以及第２相稳定性的影响主要与稀土元素晶体结构、原子半径、电负性等因素有关     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with