小麦AL型胞质不育系育性恢复基因的遗传分析

采用AL型细胞质雄性不育系AL18A及保持系18B和恢复系99AR144-1配置杂交组合,利用得到的F1、F2世代以及测交群体aBC1、bBC1和cBC1,对小麦AL型胞质不育系育性恢复基因的遗传行为进行了分析.结果表明,99AR144-1对AL18A的育性由2对主效核基因控制,F2代育性分离表现为15∶1,2对基因具重叠累加遗传效应;bBC1群体分离偏离3∶1.由此初步认为,AL型细胞质背景可能影响恢复基因通过雌配子正常传递.     

红莲型水稻不育系与保持系线粒体DNA酶切分析

为研究红莲型水稻细胞质雄性不育的分子基础，我们提取纯化了红莲型水稻丛广４１Ａ和丛广４１Ｂ的线粒体ＤＮＡ，采用限制性内切酶酶切片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）方法比较了红莲型不育系和保持系线粒体ＤＮＡ酶切图谱，发现两者之间存在一定的差异，部分支持了细胞质雄性不育与线粒体ＤＮＡ有关的结论。     

Construction and initial analysis of five Fosmid libraries of mitochondrial genomes of cotton （Gossypium）

Cotton （Gossypium） is an important crop providing textile fiber and edible oil. To gain the insights into mechanism of the cyto- plasmic male sterility （CMS） inheritance, we constructed five fosmid libraries of mitochondrial genomes from mitotype of G. harknessii Brandegee. （one CMS line and its restorer）, mitotype of G. hirsutum L. （one CMS line and its maintainer）, and G. bar- badense L. The numbers of the clones in these libraries ranged from 1152 to 2016 with an average insert size of 36.2 to 38.4 kb, equivalent to 70-119.3 mitogenomes. The libraries were screened with 28 markers derived from the conservative sequences and yielded 22, 19, 26, 21, and 23 positive clones, respectively. These positive clones were used to construct the physical map of G. harknessii Brandegee. CMS line and G. barbadense L. mitogenomes that shared six syntenis regions. A total of 30 genes in nine clusters showed conservative and had high similarity with those in the mitochondrial genomes of cotton, Carica papaya, Cucur- bita pepo and Nicotiana tabacum. Further investigation indicated that gene rrn26 had two copies in all five cotton mitogenomes, while genes atpl, rrn5 and rrn18 had two copies only in G. barbadense L. The positive clones and physical map are considered being useful resources in cotton genomics research.     

分子标记鉴定红莲型细胞质雄性不育杂交水稻组合及其亲本

利用RAPD分子标记对红莲型细胞质雄性不育(HL—CMS)杂交水稻组合及其亲本进行了DNA多态性分析。从124个随机引物中筛选出具有非常明显的多态性，且只能扩增出1～5个片段的4个引物能有效地区分和鉴定红莲型(HL)2个杂交水稻组合(粤泰系列，从广系列)的杂种及其亲本。     

Discovery of mitochondrial chimeric-gene associated with cytoplasmic male sterility of HL-rice

The mitochondrial genome libraries of HL-type sterile line (A) and maintainer line (B) have been constructed. Mitochondrial gene, atp6 , was used to screen libraries, due to the different Southern and Northern blot results between sterile and maintainer line. Sequencing analysis of positive clones proved that there were two copies of atp6 gene in sterile line and only one in maintainer line. One copy of atp6in sterile line was same to that in maintainer line; the other showed different flanking sequence from the 49th nucleotide downstream of the termination codon of atp6 gene. A new chimeric gene, orfH79 , was found in the region. orfH79 had homology to mitochondrial gene coxⅡ and orfH79, and was special to HL-sterile cytoplasm.     

The genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rice

Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is a maternally inherited characteristic found in many （〉150） plant species. CMS/restoration systems are useful tools for hybrid seed production, and are ideal models for study of the interactions between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. CMS/restoration systems in rice have been widely used for hybrid seed production, greatly contributing to the food supply. This article reviews the progress of the studies on the genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rice.     

紫菜苔Ogura细胞质雄性不育系花药发育的细胞形态学研究

通过甘蓝型油菜Ogura细胞质雄性不育材料与紫菜苔的种间杂交和连续回交,获得了稳定的紫菜苔Ogura细胞质雄性不育系,细胞形态学研究表明,该不育系的花药发育兼有无花粉囊型和单核败育型的特征,由于没有造孢细胞的形成或造孢细胞退化,不育系最多只有1－2个花粉囊,而可育系都是4个花粉囊,发育起来的不育系花粉囊里面的小孢子到单核期后不再向前继续发育,而是迅速退化以至解体,开花前彻底败育,在减数分裂前期,不育系绒毡层细胞中已经出现液泡,有肥大趋势,在单核小孢子退化以后绒毡层还很发达,而正常花药绒毡层的发育在减数分裂过程中达到高峰,四分体时出现退化迹象,开花前已完全解体。     

植物雄性不育机制探究

本文从环境和遗传两个方面探究了植物雄性不育机制 ,首先阐述了营养、温度、光周期及绒毡层发育状况等因素对植物雄性不育的影响 ,并在基因水平上详细概述了细胞核雄性不育和细胞质雄性不育的分子机制 .最后简要介绍了利用基因工程构建植物雄性不育株系的方法 ,显示出植物遗传育种工作的广阔前景 .     

非线性编辑系统与电化教育

本文从非线性编辑系统的特点、非线性编辑系统与线性编辑系统的比较、非线性编辑系统在学校电化教育中的应用及非线性编辑系统存在的问题等方面较全面分析了这个以计算机为操作平台的电视节目后期编辑制作设备.随着计算机技术的普及,非线性编辑系统将全面取代线性编辑系统广泛应用于电视节目的制作并进入学校的电化教育领域,促进学校电化教育的发展.     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育系“79.7”的遗传及应用研究

对雄性核不育油菜“79.7”作了遗传和应用研究。结果表明,“79.7”雄性不育油菜的不育特性是由两对隐性重叠基因控制的,甘兰型油菜可作它的恢复源。将“79.7”核不育油菜转育成新的低芥、双低及双低黄籽两用系.用低芥两用系组配筛选育成的优质杂交种“蜀杂1号”已在生产上大面积推广使用。     

大白菜雄性不育系和保持系花药的几种同工酶分析

本文分析了大白菜品种“早皇白”雄性不育系及同型保持系花药三种同工酶谱,不育系均少于保持系.细胞色素氧化酶显示,不育系为3条,保持系为7条;过氧化物酶谱不育系为3条,保侍系为8条;脂酶、不育系为4条,保持系为7条.     

基于MPEG-1/2视频的音频同步剪辑算法

根据MPEG-1/2码流的特点,实现视音频同步编辑算法.通过对MPEG-1/2视音频码流的分析,利用两者的PTS值实现了基于MPEG-1/2码流PES层的非线性视音频同步编辑,并详述了剪辑算法.该算法无音频编解码操作,实时性好,不存在音频质量损失问题;对于少数次的剪辑同步效果很好.该算法实用性强,现已将该算法模块应用于非线性编辑系统中.     

RNA editing by cytidine insertion in mitochondria of Physarum polycephalum

A corollary of the central dogma of molecular biology is that genetic information passes from DNA to RNA by the continuous synthesis of RNA on a DNA template. The demonstration of RNA editing (the specific insertion, deletion or substitution of residues in RNA to create an RNA with a sequence different from its own template) raised the possibility that in some cases not all of the genetic information for a trait residues in the DNA template. Two different types of RNA editing have been identified in mitochondria: insertional editing represented by the extensive insertion (and occasional deletion) of uridine residues in mitochondrial RNAs of the kinetoplastid protozoa and the substitutional editing represented by the cytidine to uridine substitutions in some plant mitochondria. These editing types have not been shown to be present in the same organism and may have very different mechanisms. RNA editing of both types has been observed in nonmitochondrial systems but is not as extensive and may involve still different mechanisms. Here we report the discovery of extensive insertional RNA editing in mitochondria from an organism other than a kinetoplastid protozoan. The mitochondrial RNA apparently encoding the alpha subunit of ATP synthetase in the acellular slime mould, Physarum polycephalum, is edited at 54 sites by cytidine insertion.     

Sequence analysis of the gene correlated with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in rape-seed (Brassica napus) Polima and Shaan 2A

orf224 is a CMS-related mitochondrial gene discovered in Polima cytoplasm. Shaan 2A CMS line is the parent of the first rapeseed hybrid cultivar Qinyou No. 2that has been grown in many regions of China. In this work,genomic DNA of Polima CMS line and Shaan 2A CMS line were used as templates, two primers of specific oligonucleoamplification fragments were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vectors and DNA sequences were determined. The CMSassociated gene, orf224-1 present in Shaan 2A CMS line, has a sequence highly homologous to the orf224 of the Polima CMS line, except for one nucleotide at position +398. There were only one base (AAC→AGC) and one amino acid (Asn →Ser) differences between the two. The homologies of the two sequences in nucleotide and. amino acid were 99.9 % and 99.6%, respectively. It is concluded that orf224 in Polima CMS line and orf224-1 of Shaan 2A CMS line are the allele at the same locus in mitochondria.``     

水稻细胞质雄性不育系小孢子发育过程中的同工酶分析

以新选育出的籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ有其相应保持系马协Ｂ为材料,分别取不育系和保持系处于花粉母细胞形成期、减数分裂４分体时期、单核期、２核期、３核期的花药进行过氧化物酶同工酶、细胞色素氧化酶同工酶电泳分析及酶活性测定分析。不育系与相应保持系比较发现,不育系过氧化物酶同工酶电泳酶谱带型丰富,酶活性较高;细胞色素氧化酶同工酶电泳酶电泳酶谱带型较小,酶活性较低。这现象是从单核期花药开始表现,并随发     

9～10周龄CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠血生化、主要脏器重量及脏器系数测定

摘要：目的 测定CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠血生化、主要脏器重量和脏器系数,并进行比较分析。方法 随机选取9～10周龄SPF级CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠各40只,雌雄各半。分别称重,麻醉后摘眼球采血后,颈椎脱臼处死,运用全自动生化分析仪测定血生化指标,并采集脏器测定脏器重量,计算脏器系数。 结果 14项血生化指标比较,CB6F1小鼠雌雄之间有11项指标（11/14）、B6CF1小鼠雌雄之间有9项指标（9/14）、CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠雌性之间有10项指标（10/14）,雄性之间11项（11/14）指标均存在显著性差异（P﹤0.05）。CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠主要脏器重量与脏器系数比较,同品系雌雄之间,同性别2个品系之间,均有部分指标存在显著性差异（P﹤0.05）。结论 以BALB/c和C57BL/6为不同父母本杂交产生的F1代小鼠CB6F1和B6CF1,其血生化指标、脏器重量和脏器系数有所不同。