阶跃过渡应答法研究甲醇完全氧化反应动力学：甲醇,氧, …

用阶跃过渡应答法研究在Ｐｄ－Ａｇ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上甲醇,氧,二氧化碳的吸附行为以及甲醇完全氧化反应应答,结果表明,甲醇为慢吸附,不可逆吸附,氧和二氧化碳为快速,可逆吸附;吸附态氧与吸附态与甲醇的反应为快反应;甲醇在催化剂上的吸附是甲醇完全氧化反应的慢步骤。     

不同介质中甲醇在Pt电极上氧化特征

运用电化学循环伏安技术研究了Pt电极上不同浓度的甲醇在不同介质中的吸附和氧化行为．结果表明，甲醇的电氧化过程与溶液酸碱性和甲醇的浓度有着密切的关系；不同的介质中，甲醇电催化氧化活性的顺序为：酸性＞中性＞碱性；在浓度为10M甲醇氧化的CV曲线上，首次观测到甲醇氧化在负向电位扫描中出现两个氧化峰；并指出甲醇电催化氧化是通过解离吸附产物和反应中间体双途径机理进行的．     

阶跃过渡应答法研究甲醇完全氧化反应动力学

用阶跃过渡应答法研究在ＰｄＡｇ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上甲醇、氧、二氧化碳的吸附行为以及甲醇完全氧化反应应答。结果表明：甲醇为慢吸附、不可逆吸附,氧和二氧化碳为快速、可逆吸附;吸附态氧与吸附态甲醇的反应为快反应;甲醇在催化剂上的吸附是甲醇完全氧化反应的慢步骤。     

甲醇氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯原位红外研究

采用原位红外技术对甲醇氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯反应机理进行了系统的研究，原位红外实验结果表明，氧气在负载的Cu基催化剂上发生解离吸附，CO在催化剂表面的吸附为弱吸附，氧气与CO在催化剂表面发生共吸附，甲醇在催化剂表面吸附后产生甲氧基，压力提高有助于甲氧基的生成，吸附态的甲氧基诱导弱吸附的CO进行插入反应是生成碳酸二甲酯的途径，同时，原位红外技术研究结果表明，在碳酸二甲酯合成过程中，存在甲氧基与离解的氧进一步作用生成副产物CO2和H2O的可能，因此，应控制应料中O2的浓度为适宜值。     

甲醇阳极氧化Pt-Ru催化剂双中心机理动力学

根据文献报道的极化实验数据,回归出活化能值并修正了动力学参数,定量分析了吸附态甲醇Mad、COad、OHad三种中间产物的覆盖率,讨论了其在不同温度和甲醇浓度下与超电势的理论关系,并计算出基于吸附-反应动力学的极化曲线。结果表明,COad覆盖率CθO虽小,但其变化规律对动力学行为影响最大;超电势较小时速率控制步骤为吸附态甲醇的电化学分解,超电势较高时则转为甲醇在Pt上的活化吸附,中等超电势时为无速率控制步骤的过渡阶段。理论极化曲线与所报道的极化实验数据很好相符,但在高甲醇浓度及高超电势下出现偏差,这很可能是产物CO2气泡影响变大所致。     

异丁烯羰基合成Validol反应机理与动力学

对异丁烯、CO和薄荷醇催化羰基合成Validol的本征反应动力学条件（催化剂、异丁烯和薄荷醇浓度,CO分压）进行了研究,确立了反应机理和动力学方程,给出了反应历程和催化剂环圈。     

改进铜基甲醇合成催化剂XNC208的TPD,TPO和TPR研究

采用ＴＰＤ、ＴＰＯ和ＴＰＲ等方法对比研究了改进铜基甲醇合成催化剂ＸＮＣ２０８和工业催化剂Ｃ２０７．结果表明，改进的ＸＮＣ２０８催化剂工作表面Ｃｕ￣＋活性位的浓度比未经改进工业催化剂Ｃ２０７高；在甲醇合成实际操作温度下，催化剂工作表面可以维持较高的、对甲醇合成反应能作出贡献的吸附氢和吸附ＣＯ等表面反应物种的稳态浓度，从而有利于甲醇合成速率的提高；改进的ＸＮＣ２０８催化剂工作表面的Ｃｕ￣＋位具有较大的价态稳定性，显示出较强的抗深度还原和抗氧化的双重性能，这与该催化剂具有持久的低温活性和高的热稳定性有着密切的联系。     

以Nafion为催化剂的异丁烯齐聚反应的研究

考察了反应温度、 空速对Nafion催化异丁烯齐聚反应的影响. 探讨了催化剂在反应中的稳定性和变化特点. 在30～60 ℃范围内, 异丁烯的转化率随反应温度升高迅速增加, 低温时液体产物以二聚体为主. 当反应温度高于60 ℃时异丁烯转化率大于86%, 液体产物以三聚体为主. Nafion的催化活性随可接近磺酸基团的增加而提高. 高温有利于提高Nafion的溶胀度, 使体相内的磺酸基团更易接近. 由温度变化引起磺酸基团浓度稳定增加但可逆, 经低温处理后可以复原. 将Nafion担载在大比表面的载体上, 在低温下可获得更多的异丁烯二聚体.     

Mo—Ce／Sio2催化剂上甲醇氧化制甲醛的动力学与机理

用玻璃外循环无梯度反应器研究了Mo-Ce/SiO_2催化剂的甲醇氧化制甲醛的动力学。吡啶吸附的红外光谱鉴别出催化剂Lewis酸的存在。红外光谱证实甲醇在催化剂上发生化学吸附。用脉冲色谱法测定了甲醇及甲醛的吸附热。随着甲醛分压的增加,甲醇氧化制甲醛的速度随之减小。进行了催化剂被甲醇还原及还原催化剂用O_2再氧化的脉冲实验。甲醇氧化的动力学服从甲醇及甲醛吸附的Redox机理方程。     

异丁烯在强酸性阳离子交换树脂上的齐聚动力学

以强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,对异丁烯齐聚反应动力学进行了研究。首先通过机理分析建立了齐聚反应动力学模型。用高斯-牛顿法,根据实验数据进行参数估算,得到了相应的动力学模型参数,经统计检验表明,动力学模型是适当的,而齐聚反应液中各组分浓度与时间的关系曲线则显示异丁烯的齐聚具有一级串联不可逆反应的特征。异丁烯二聚和三聚的速率方程分别为-dcIB/dt=2kIBcIB,dcDIB/dt=kIBcDIB-kDIBcDIB,反应速率常数kIB=3.08×106exp(-54 520/RT),kDIB=3.10×103exp(-36 670/RT)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that