家用智能看护机器人高精度里程计估计算法

为了解决家用智能看护机器人车轮轮胎和地面作用力与电机输出力矩不平衡,易导致看护机器人产生滑动、里程计估计精度低的问题,引入牵引系数描述机器人滑动情况,推导含牵引系数的看护机器人运动学模型,以增量式光电编码器和惯性测量单元2种传感器为输入,将含牵引系数的运动学模型应用于基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的看护机器人里程计估计算法,搭建看护机器人实验系统完成算法验证。结果表明：在家用瓷砖地面,看护机器人分别以0.1,0.2,0.4 m/s的速度移动时,与传统里程计估计算法相比,所提出的机器人里程计估计算法的误差降低了40%左右。将含牵引系数的运动学模型应用于机器人里程计估计算法,可有效降低看护机器人的里程计估计误差,为提高看护机器人在室内地面的自主导航精度提供了一定的参考。     

霍尔里程计性能测试

在接近实际工况时,对研制出的霍尔里程计输出特性进行测试,检测霍尔里程计的各项功能、性能及环境适应性等特征,确保里程计在各种工况下的性能稳定、持久、可靠、适应、兼容性等各项功能正常.结果显示霍尔里程计实测值满足了设计的技术指标,最终满足INS/霍尔里程计组合导航系统精准定位的要求;选取闭合路线进行行车测试,在未加载与加载霍尔里程计两种情况下,分别测试其组合导航系统的导航能力,结果发现未加载霍尔里程计时,导航轨迹发生的漂移较大;而加载霍尔里程计时,导航能力大大提高,行驶轨迹相比未加载里程计时的漂移量要小的多,基本符合实际的行车路线.从而验证出在无GPS状态下加载霍尔里程计使得INS/霍尔里程计组合导航系统精准度得以提升,提高了整个系统的定位精度和导引可靠性.     

动态环境下基于时序滑动窗口的鲁棒激光SLAM系统

无人驾驶场景中的动态物体会影响同时定位与建图（SLAM）系统的整体精度和鲁棒性，针对现有多数激光SLAM系统在动态环境下易出现里程计漂移、定位失败和建图重影问题，本文融合轻量级PointPillars目标检测网络和多目标跟踪方法，构建了一种面向动态场景的语义激光SLAM系统.该系统首先利用PointPillars网络获取潜在动态目标检测框并过滤检测框内特征点，以获取里程计初始位姿.其次基于匀速卡尔曼滤波器的多目标跟踪算法获取跟踪结果，以构建时序滑动窗口，实现鲁棒、高效的目标级数据时空关联，以去除动态物体和恢复静态目标，进一步优化里程计.最后在包含动态场景的KITTI和NUSCENES公开数据集上与主流激光SLAM方法进行对比实验，结果表明本系统在里程计和全局地图的准确性和鲁棒性方面有显著的提高，同时系统保持了实时性，可满足动态场景下自主机器人系统和智能交通应用.     

融合光度和深度的视觉里程计改进算法

针对视觉里程计中对纹理较少的环境难以获得高精度相机位姿的问题,提出一种融合光度和深度的视觉同步定位与绘图(SLAM)方法.首先构造基于光度和深度的相机位姿优化函数,通过t分布模型计算每个像素点的光度和深度误差权重,对每一帧图像引入帧权重系数λ来平衡光度和深度,并采用中值法求解帧权重λ,求得相机位姿.然后对10个国际标准数据集进行仿真实验,结果表明,对纹理丰富的环境,本方法能够保持DVO SLAM算法的建图精度;对纹理较少的环境,本方法的建图精度要高于DVO SLAM算法,绝对路径误差降低31.6%,相对位姿误差降低19.4%.     

基于滑动窗口优化的激光雷达惯性测量单元紧耦合同时定位与建图算法

针对现有的激光里程计在面临室外大场景建图时,普遍会出现定位精度低、鲁棒性差的问题,本文提出一种16线激光和IMU惯性测量单元紧耦合的SLAM算法。首先对IMU进行估计位姿,通过线性插值矫正激光点云的运动畸变;接着通过曲率提取场景特征,并根据不同特征性质进行分类;然后利用帧间匹配模块在滑动窗口内构建局部地图;最后利用帧与局部地图匹配得到的距离和IMU数据构建联合优化函数。借助KITTI数据集和自行录制的园区数据集,对改进算法与主流的Lego-LOAM和同样使用紧耦合方案的LIO-Mapping进行分模块和整个系统的精度评定,实测结果表明,在符合里程计实时性的要求下,改进激光里程计精度高于Lego-LOAM和LIO-Mapping方案。     

改进位姿估计环节的ORB-SLAM稠密建图算法

为了提高ORB-SLAM2系统的位姿估计精度并解决仅能生成稀疏地图的问题,提出了一种融合ICP算法与曼哈顿世界假说的位姿估计策略并在ORB-SLAM2系统中加入稠密建图线程来实现稠密建图。首先通过ORB特征点法、LSD算法和AHC方法进行点、线、面特征的提取,其中点、线特征跟上一帧匹配,面特征在全局地图中匹配。然后采用基于surfel的稠密建图策略将图像划分为非平面与平面区域,非平面采用ICP算法计算位姿,平面则通过面与面的正交关系确定曼哈顿世界从而使用不同的位姿估计策略,其中曼哈顿世界场景通过位姿解耦实现基于曼哈顿帧观测的无漂移旋转估计,而曼哈顿世界场景下的平移以及非曼哈顿世界场景位姿采用追踪的点、线、面特征进行估计和优化;最后根据关键帧和相应位姿实现稠密建图。采用TUM数据集对所提建图方法进行验证,实验结果与ORB-SLAM2算法比较,最终均方根误差RMSE平均减少0.24cm,平均定位精度提高7.17%,验证了所提方法进行稠密建图的可行性和有效性。     

基于视觉-IMU-编码器的SLAM新算法

VINS-Mono算法应用于轮式机器人时,由于惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit, IMU)加速度计信噪比较小,观测尺度不准确,会出现定位精度下降。对此,提出了一种融合单目相机、惯性测量单元和编码器的改进算法。在VINS-Mono初始化和后端优化的目标函数中,增加编码器测量残差项,直接融合由编码器数据计算的速度,增强尺度的可观性,降低定位累积误差,提高了定位精度。另外,针对车轮打滑造成编码器速度测量不准的问题,利用IMU角速度计测量值计算打滑因子,自适应调整编码器残差项在目标函数中的权重及其鲁棒核函数的阈值,减小车轮打滑对定位结果的影响。在两轮移动机器人上的实验表明,改进算法具有较强的鲁棒性,定位精度比VINS-Mono提高了一个数量级。     

基于激光雷达里程计的高速公路三维建模方法

构建三维道路数字模型对智能车服务和道路管理具有重要意义。文中针对高速公路不同路段应用场景下车辆运行速度快、干扰噪声多、特征少和无回环检测辅助等一系列问题，提出一种以激光雷达信息为建模基础数据、激光雷达里程计与LOAM技术等多传感器融合的高速公路三维建模方法。首先，通过车载激光雷达获取道路场景的激光点云数据，使用激光雷达图像分割技术赋予每一个点有关构造物的标签，剔除道路上其他运动车辆的信息，减少建模噪声；其次，制定了一个精确的同步策略来对GNSS、IMU和激光雷达等传感器进行集成；在此基础上，结合惯性导航预积分结果、基于特征点云的位姿约束和RTK数据构建因子图，消除激光雷达里程计的累积误差，从而构建全局一致性的高速公路三维数字模型。为了保持姿态估计的有限数量，文中还引入了基于关键帧的滑动窗口优化策略。最后，分别采集高速公路场景中常见的3种路段（一般路段、桥梁和隧道路段）进行建模分析，结果表明，在具有挑战性的高速公路场景建模中，文中方法能够有效提高建模鲁棒性、精度以及模型有效性。     

ArUco-SLAM:基于ArUco二维码阵列的单目实时建图定位系统

高精度自动建图算法是ArUco二维码阵列定位系统应用的前提和核心,现有在线建图算法累计误差大且易受误检测影响,而人工标定和离线建图的方式则效率低、耗时长. 为解决上述问题,本文提出了一种ArUco-SLAM单目实时建图定位算法,其采用前后端并行建图、联合优化的框架,前端以坐标系变换封闭原理对地图进行快速更新和局部修正;后端以非线性优化算法最小化二维码顶点总体重投影误差,实现对关键帧序列囊括地图的全局优化;最终,基于联合优化算法实现对前后端地图的匹配,消除前端地图的累计误差. 设计实验对所提算法进行了验证,实验结果证明其相比现有建图系统有着累计误差小和建图效率高的优点,具有建立大规模二维码阵列厘米级精度地图的能力.      

基于因子图的无人喷雾机多源融合定位

针对果林环境GPS信号容易丢失,造成农机位姿估计误差较大的问题,提出了一种基于因子图的喷雾机多源融合定位方法.采用集成彩色和深度相机与IMU的RealSense D435i传感器,感知无人喷雾机周围环境信息.通过改进的自适应阈值均匀Harris角点提取方法,利用金字塔LK光流算法跟踪匹配角点,使用迭代最近点算法估计相机运动,最终采用因子图优化算法迭代优化位姿估计误差.试验在林间道路进行,改进的方法与惯性组合导航相比,在GPS信号丢失时可以有效地实时估计喷雾机位姿,试验测试距离总共112.39 m,多传感器融合后的位姿更新频率约为50 Hz.结果表明:喷雾机定位均方根误差减少了0.816 m,最大误差减少了4.613 m,姿态角度估计最大误差减少了2.713°.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that