B4C粉末的气流粉碎及烧结

采用气流粉碎对B4C粗粉(比表面积为0.52m     

Thermochemical Evaluation of Combustion Synthesis of Al2O3/B4C Composite

The equilibrium phase and adiabatic temperature for combustion synthesis of Al₂O₃/B₄C employing Al, B₂O₃ and C as starting materials is analyzed by both conventional and CALPHAD method. The adiabatic temperature calculed by CALPHAD method is significantly lower than that obtained by conventional method. The CALPHAD calculation also reveals that the equilibrium phases presented at the adiabatic temperature are different to the desired composites. The adiabatic temperature in this system can be lowered by introducing Al₂O₃ as diluents. The maximum amount of Al₂O₃ that can be added to the system while maintain a self-sustaining combusion mode is 1.3 mol.     

偏滤器部件W/Cu功能梯度材料的热应力缓和

W/Cu功能梯度材料是一种有希望用作聚变反应堆面向等离子体部件的侯选材料。为避免材料在使用过程中的热应力破坏,根据偏滤器部件服役的热流工况,在结合导热能力分析的情况下运用有限元软件对W/Cu梯度材料进行了优化设计。结果表明,成分分布指数的增大以及金属W厚度的增加均使表面工作温度提高;当成分分布指数为1.0～1.2时W/Cu梯度材料有最佳的热应力缓和效果。在30MW/m2的表面热流负荷下,与非梯度材料相比,经过优化设计的W/Cu功能梯度材料的等效热应力降低了62.3%,表面工作温度下降了50℃;而与单纯金属W相比,W/Cu梯度材料的表面工作温度较之降低445℃。     

四氧化三铁-石墨烯复合芬顿催化剂用于染料脱色的研究

芬顿催化是污水处理中最常用的技术之一,但是传统芬顿试剂需要对水体进行酸化并造成大量亚铁离子浪费.本文用水合肼还原法制备了四氧化三铁-石墨烯复合芬顿催化剂(Fe3O4-G),测试其催化脱色甲烯蓝的活性.Fe3O4-G样品用透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和红外光谱等表征.Fe3O4-G能催化双氧水分解氧化脱色甲烯蓝.Fe3O4-G在pH3.5~9.5范围内均能有效催化脱色甲烯蓝,最佳pH为8.5.Fe3O4-G的催化活性几乎不受溶剂的影响,加入自由基淬灭剂叔丁醇对脱色也没有明显抑制.Fe3O4-G在较高的温度下催化能力更强,增大双氧水用量也能促进脱色反应.     

基于真空烧结的Al-B4C中子吸收材料的制备及性能研究

B₄C是一种常见的中子吸收材料,采用真空烧结的方法制备不同成分配比的Al-B₄C复合材料,并对材料的微观组织,力学性能进行分析,研究结果表明:基体Al相和增强相B₄C颗粒之间分布比较均匀,气孔裂纹等缺陷较少,复合材料抗拉强度,屈服强度,断后伸长率随着碳化硼含量的增加逐渐减小,复合材料的断裂方式既有B₄C颗粒的解理断裂,也有铝基体的韧性撕裂,以B₄C颗粒的断裂和拔出为主,是韧性断裂与脆性断裂综合作用的结果.     

大黄素体外抗柯萨奇病毒B_4的实验研究

为研究大黄素的体外抗柯萨奇病毒B4(CVB4)作用,以病毒唑为阳性对照药,用MTT法从药物抑制病毒增殖、直接杀灭和抗吸附3种方式评价了大黄素抗CVB4效果,并用实时定量PCR检测了大黄素对CVB4基因mRNA表达的影响,用空斑法测定了大黄素对病毒感染细胞不同时间空斑形成率的影响.结果表明:大黄素不能直接杀灭病毒或阻断病毒吸附细胞,但能显著抑制病毒在细胞内的生物合成,其IC50=(14.10±0.74)μM,TI=(4.35±0.60),能显著降低细胞内CVB4基因mRNA表达(p0.05),其抑制作用发生在病毒进入细胞0~4 h.故大黄素主要通过抑制CVB4穿入细胞后复制环节发挥抗病毒作用,并具有时间依赖性和剂量依赖性.     

超级电容器电极材料纳米Fe3O4的制备及其性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米Fe3O4,系统考察了n(Fe3+):n(Fe2+)、反应pH值、熟化温度等对纳米Fe3O4生成的影响,从而确定最佳反应条件.将纳米Fe3O4应用到超级电容器上,研究了其作为电容器电极材料的电化学性能.结果表明:在最佳反应条件下,制备出的纳米Fe3O4的晶体结构完整;经电化学性能测定,Fe3O...     

Fe3O4纳米粒子的合成与表征

以P123胶束作为"纳米反应器",采用水溶液法合成了Fe3O4纳米粒子.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和样品振动磁强计等现代化分析测试手段对产物的形貌、结构和磁性进行了测试表征.结果表明,合成的Fe3O4纳米粒子粒径大小在30～120 nm可控,它们在常...     

新型复合材料CaSO4TiO2的制备及性能研究

首次以硫酸氧钛、氧化钙为原料,进一步改进制备过程,采用沉淀水解法制备CaSO4/TiO2复合材料,并用XRD、EDX、TG-DTG等进行了表征,通过探讨不同条件如：煅烧温度、催化剂投加量、光照时间及反应过程等对光催化降解活性大红的影响。结果表明：复合粉体经500 ℃煅烧后的光催化效果最佳,当催化剂投加量为3 g/L,紫外灯照射60 min,降解率可达到90.37%。     

Sol-gel preparation and characterization of Co3O4 nanocrystals

A new citrate acid-hydrazine sol-gel route for preparation of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles has been developed. Co₃O₄ nanoparticles with different particle-sizes and morphology were prepared at different heat-treatment temperatures and the pure cubic nanocrystals of Co₃O₄ were obtained at 600℃. The synthesis process was monitored by infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The structure and morphology of Co₃O₄ nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The infrared absorption bands blue-shifted with particle size decreasing, which could be attributed to increasing surface effect. XPS results showed that predominant species at surface layers of Co₃O₄ nanocrystals are octahedral Co (Ⅲ).     

连花清瘟胶囊抗柯萨奇B_4病毒作用的实验研究

采用中药连花清瘟胶囊进行了体外抗柯萨奇病毒B4（CVB4）的研究.通过观察病毒引起的细胞病变效应（CPE）、MTT法检测细胞活性,作为考核药物抗病毒作用.结果表明：中药连花清瘟胶囊对CVB4有直接灭活作用,并能阻止CVB4的吸附细胞和抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞内的的生物合成,其半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为410.00,343.13和410.32μg/mL,治疗指数（TI）分别为2.67,3.20和2.66.其中抗病毒吸附作用最强（P〈0.01）.在100～1600μg/mL范围内连花清瘟胶囊与CVB4抑制率呈明显的量效关系（P〈0.05）,在500μg/mL时能抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞内的增殖大于50%.研究表明中药连花清瘟胶囊能有效地抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞中的增殖,其抗病毒作用表现为直接灭活病毒,阻断病毒吸附细胞和抑制病毒进入细胞之后的复制增殖.     

复合材料LiMn2O4/活性炭的电化学行为

利用充放电测试、循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法研究LiMn2O4/活性炭复合材料在1 mol/L LiPF6-EC/EMC/DMC有机电解液中的电化学性能.研究结果表明:复合材料同时具备超级电容器高功率密度和锂离子电池高能量密度的特点;复合材料的容量包含活性炭的双电层电容和LiMn2O4电化学反应的容量;当活性炭的质量分数为20％时,10C倍率下复合材料的首次放电容量高达76.4 mA.h/g,100次循环后容量几乎没有衰减(0.01％),与纯LiMn2O4电极相比有很大提高.     

CDPVC/Ag3PO4复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶液浸渍法制备聚氯乙烯/磷酸银(PVC/Ag_3PO_4)复合微粒,经热处理使PVC脱除HCl得到PVC共轭衍生物/Ag_3PO_4(CDPVC/Ag_3PO_4)复合微粒,采用XRD,SEM,UV-vis DRS,PL和XPS等手段对CDPVC/Ag_3PO_4进行了分析表征。通过甲基橙在可见光下的降解反应,考察制备条件对CDPVC/Ag_3PO_4复合微粒可见光催化性能的影响。结果表明,CDPVC的复合有利于Ag_3PO_4微粒的分散,可以显著提高复合微粒的可见光吸收及光生电子-空穴的分离效率,当PVC占Ag_3PO_4的质量分数为0.03%、热处理温度为130℃、热处理时间为2h时,复合微粒表现出良好的可见光催化活性和稳定性。     

WO3/g-C3N4复合催化剂的制备及其可见光 光催化性能分析

在盐酸质子化条件下,采用超声微波协助法成功制备了可见光型复合催化剂WO3／g-C3 N4。利用X射线多晶粉末衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外可见漫反射（UV-Vis）和BET比表面测试仪对样品进行了表征,并以罗丹明B（RhB）为目标降解物对其光催化性能进行研究。结果表明：复合催化剂样品是由片状的 WO3纳米片负载在g-C3 N4表面组成的。当 WO3负载的质量分数为40％时,前驱物在500℃条件下煅烧2 h后所得样品的光催化性能明显好于同条件下制得的单一相 WO3和g-C3 N4,在可见光（波长大于420 nm）照射下,5 h 内对100 mL浓度为10－5 mol／L罗丹明B橙溶液的降解高达98％。     

CaCu3Ti4O12-xZnO陶瓷介电性能研究

采用传统陶瓷烧结方法,制备了CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)-xZnO(x=0,0.05,0.20,0.60,1.00)陶瓷样品.应用X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜,分别确定了样品的物性和形貌.利用阻抗分析仪测定了不同频率和温度下材料的介电常数和介电损耗,研究了ZnO对CCTO材料的微观结构和介电性能的影响.结果表明:添加ZnO可促进CCTO晶界处小晶粒生长,抑制大晶粒生长,降低CCTO陶瓷样品高频范围的介电损耗.当x=1时,在1kHz～1MHz频率范围内,tanδ均小于1.1,并且可将陶瓷的压敏电压提高至100V/mm.这为优化CCTO材料性能、推进其在电容器方面的应用,提供了一定的实验依据.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite used as bone substitute materials

Chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composites with different weight ratios were prepared through a co-precipitation method using Ca（OH）2, H3PO4 and chitosan as starting materials. The properties of these composites were characterized by means of TEM, IR, XRD, TGA, burn-out tests and universal matertial testing machine. The results showed that the HA synthesized here was poorly crystalline carbonated nanometer crystals and dispersed uniformly in chitosan phase and there was no phase-separation between the two phases. The addition of n-HA resulted in a decrease of decomposing temperature of chitosan. Because of the interactions between chitosan and n-HA, the mechanical properties of these composites were improved, and the maximum value of the compressive strength was measured to be about 120MPa corresponding to the chitosan/n-HA composite with a weight ratio of 30/70.     

Au/g-C3N4复合微粒的制备及光催化还原对硝基苯酚

为了解决光生电子-空穴因分离难而对g-C_3N_4光催化活性造成影响的问题,采用原位法制备了Au/g-C_3N_4复合微粒,利用TEM,SEM,XRD,XPS和FTIR等测试方法对复合微粒的形貌、微观结构和组成进行表征,通过UV-vis DRS,PL和EIS等方法分析了复合微粒的光电性能,并以对硝基苯酚还原反应为模型,考察了Au/g-C_3N_4复合微粒的可见光催化性能。结果表明:g-C_3N_4为片层堆积结构的六方相晶体,片层间的纳米金为面心立方晶型;纳米金的引入显著提高了g-C_3N_4基体对可见光的吸收及其光生电子-空穴对的分离效率;当金含量为0.5%(质量分数)、氯金酸钠与柠檬酸钠物质的量比为1∶3时,光催化剂的活性最高。所制备的复合催化剂可见光响应性强,催化活性较纯g-C_3N_4明显提高,为合成g-C_3N_4基高效光催化剂提供了理论依据。     

Dielectric properties of low dielectric constant Ba0.60Sr0.40Mg0.15Ti0.85O3-Mg2TiO4 composite thin films for tunable applications

Ba0.60Sr0.40Mg0.15Ti0.85O3-xmol%Mg2TiO4 （x = 0-40 mol%） （BSTM-MT） composite thin films were fabricated by sol-gel method. The precursor solution of these composite thin films was prepared through mixing the Ba0.80Sr0.40Mg0.15Ti0.85O3 and Mg2TiO4 solution. The microstructures and dielectric tunability of composite thin films were investigated. The dielectric constant of composite thin films can be tailored from 155 to 55 by changing the concentration of Mg2TiO4. The dielectric loss of these composite thin films were still kept below 0.01 and the tunability was above 20% at a dc-applied electric field of 500 kV/cm. Suitable dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and high tunability of this kind of composite thin films can be useful for potential microwave tunable applications.     

纳米ZnFe2O4的柠檬酸盐前驱体法制备与表征

采用柠檬酸盐前驱体法制备纳米ZnFe₂O₄颗粒,并通过TG-DTA、XRD、TEM和磁性能测试对纳米ZnFe₂O₄颗粒进行表征。结果表明,柠檬酸盐前驱体在500℃×2h煅烧后可得到单一ZnFe₂O₄相。通过XRD分析,纳米ZnFe₂O₄晶粒粒径为21nm,与TEM分析结果一致;在300K下测得纳米ZnFe₂O₄饱和磁化强度为3.5emu/g,剩磁为0.61emu/g,矫顽力为17.508kA/m。     

Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of near monodisperse Fe3O4 sub-microspheres

Near monodisperse Fe3O4 sub-microspheres with an average diameter of 170 nm have been synthesized by a solvothermal reduction method, using K3[Fe（CN）6] as the raw material in the absence of any surfactants at 200~C℃ for 24 h. The products were detected by XRD, FESEM, TEM, and XPS. The investigation of the reaction parameters indicates that ethylene glycol plays a key role both as reducing agent and solvent. In addition, the reaction time and temperature also have important influences on the final product. The hysteresis loop of the near monodisperse Fe3O4 sub-microspheres shows a ferromagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization of 60.8 emu/g and coercivity of 124.7Oe.