Bojungbangdocktang inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor induced angiogenesis via blocking the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Oriental herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention or treatment of various diseases including cancer in Asia. However, to prove their chemo preventive efficacies in modern times, scientific evidence for those herbal medicines is required. Thus, in the present study, an effective herbal cocktail Bojungbangdocktang (BJBDT) was investigated to elucidate antiangiogenic mechanism in vitro and in vivo. BJBDT significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced proliferation in HUVECs at nontoxic concentrations, despite weak cytotoxicity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). BJBDT also significantly suppressed VEGF-induced migration and tube formation of HUVECs. Furthermore, BJBDT treatment resulted in pale color and low hemoglobin level in Matrigel plugs, as well as dark red color and high hemoglobin level in untreated control. Interestingly, BJBDT specifically inhibited the binding of VEGF to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), but not VEGFR1. In addition, friedelin, formononetin, ginsenoside Rb1, naringin, atractyloside, diosgenin, and allantonin were identified from BJBDT by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis as a quality of control. Taken together, these results suggest that BJBDT is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor blocking the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in HUVECs. Supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation Grant from the Korean Government (Ministry of Science and Technology) (Grant No. R13-2007-019-00000-0)     

HERG1 K+ channels on the leukemic cells mediated angiogenesis in vitro

Human ether-a-go-go-related gene （HERG1） K^＋ channels are overexpressed in leukemia, which contributes to neoangiogene- sis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of HERG1 K^＋ channels on leukemia angiogenesis. We cultured human umbili- cal vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） in conditioned media, which were derived from leukemic cells with or without E-4031, a HERG1 K^＋ channel special inhibitor. The HUVECs proliferation was mea- sured using CCK-8 assay and migration by a Trans-well. Endothelial tube formation was investigated using Matrigel. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） levels were tested by ELISA and VEGF mRNA expression using RT-PCR. Our results revealed that blocking HERG1 K^＋ channels could inhibit leukemia-induced HUVECs pro- liferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. The results sug- gested that HERG1 K~ channels could increase leukemia angio- genesis. Furthermore, blockage of HERG1 K^＋ channels could also decrease leukemic cells secreting VEGF and expressing VEGF mRNA. HERG1 K^＋ channels have a promoting effect on leukemia angiogenesis, and the possible mechanism may be that HERG1 K^＋ channels enhance VEGF expression. Thus, HERG1 K4 channel is a potential target of antiangiogenesis in leukemia.     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in rat uterus during peri-implantation

The first distinct mark of rodent implantation is the increased vascular permeability and significant angiogenesis at the sites of blastocyst implantation, but its mechanism is not clearly defined. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the key mediator for angiogenesis during embryogenesis and adult span and also serves as a vascular permeability factor. The aim of this study is to explore VEGF regulation mechanism and the possible role that VEGF plays in implantation by studying the VEGF expression and angiogenesis in the rat uterus during estrous cycle, ovarioectomized and peri-implantation stages usingin situ message RNA hybridization and confocal laser scanning techniques. The results indicated that VEGF was regulated by ovarian steroid hormones. VEGF expression before implantation was localized at luminal epithelium, shifted to stroma as implantation initiated and extensively located at the decidualizing stroma region after implantation. Bandeiraea simplicifolia-1 (BS-1) agglutinin and antibody against von Willebrand factor (vWF) were used to mark the endothelial cells and blood vessels. The results showed that the active angiogenesis occurred during the implantation process and this effect was probably mediated by VEGF. The results suggest that under the regulation of ovarian steroid hormones, VEGF plays an essential role in angiogenesis and increasing vascular permeability in endometrium, which are necessary for successful implantation.     

血管生成抑制素对体外培养的血管内皮细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

为研究血管生成抑制素对体外培养的血管内皮细胞生长的影响,采用MTT法观察细胞的增殖情况,利用Hoest染色和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果发现血管生成抑制素能够抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖,其IC50为1.19 mg/L,并干扰内皮细胞的周期,出现G0/G1期阻滞。     

重组人血管内皮细胞生长因子的表达及活性研究

目的 :用基因工程的方法在大肠杆菌中诱导表达人血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) ,分离纯化并检测其生物学活性 ,以研究其在药学领域潜在的药用价值。方法 :利用PCR技术扩增VEGF基因片段 ,克隆到pQE30表达载体中 ,转化E .coliM15菌株后用IPTG进行诱导表达。经裂解细胞、变性、复性和Ni-NTAagarose金属螯合柱层析等方法纯化得到VEGF。用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜 (CAM)血管生成实验检测VEGF的生物活性。结果 :重组表达质粒在大肠杆菌中成功地表达了相对分子质量为 2 0 6 0 0的融合蛋白 ,它以不溶性的包涵体形式存在 ,占菌体总蛋白的 30 %左右。经分离纯化融合蛋白SDS -PAGE显示为单一区带。CAM结果表明给药组血管生成数 (2 1 7± 3 1、39 3± 2 8)与对照组 (15 4± 1 9、2 9 2± 4 2 )相比有明显增加 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :利用原核表达系统得到血管内皮生长因子具有天然VEGF生物学活性 ,为进一步的应用研究奠定了基础。     

Expression of bcl-2 gene increases in apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by rattlesnake venom

Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) has been induced by deprivation of survival factors (aFGF and serum) and by rattlesnake venom. The expression of bcl-2 gene has been examined by Northern blotting in the two apoptosis inducing systems. Our results show that the expression of bcl-2 has not been detected in normal culture cells and in apoptotic cells induced by deprivation of survival factors. But in apoptotic cells induced by rattlesnake venom (10 g/mL), the expression of bcl-2 increases, and its mRNA exhibits two bands. The data first suggest that increasing expression and splitting of bcl-2 mRNA may play an important role in apoptosis of VEC induced by rattlesnake venom, and this finding is helpful to understanding the role of bcl-2 in regulation of apoptosis.     

Establishment of the model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography and its preliminary application

A model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography was established by using an ECV304 cell membrane stationary phase (ECV304 CMSP) prepared by immobilizing the ECV304 cell membrane onto the surface of silica carrier. The surface and chromatographic characteristics of ECV304 CMSP were studied. The active component from Caulophyllum robustum was screened by using the model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography. The interaction between the active component and membrane receptor was determined by using a replace experiments. The effect of the active component was tested by using tube formation of ECV304 cell. The results indicated that the model of ECV304 cell membrane chromatograph (ECV304 CMC) can stimulate the interaction between drug and receptor in vitro and the retention characteristics of taspine as active component was similar to that of model molecule in the model of ECV304 CMC. And therefore, taspine acted on VEGFR2 and inhibited the tube formation of ECV304 cell induced by VEGF. This model can be used to screen definite active component as a screening model.     

桑叶对乳腺癌肿瘤血管内皮细胞抑制作用的研究

本文通过流式细胞仪(FCM)和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)来研究桑叶对乳腺癌肿瘤血管内皮细胞(ECs)细胞凋亡、细胞周期及内皮细胞生长因子受体-2(VEGFR-2)的影响.FCM分析表明,桑叶中有效成分能够诱导异常增殖的内皮细胞凋亡,使细胞周期停滞在DNA合成期,有效阻止内皮细胞的有丝分裂(P0.05);ELISA法结果表明,VEGFR-2的表达受到明显的抑制(P0.05).以上结果证实桑叶能够有效促进乳腺癌肿瘤血管内皮细胞的凋亡、影响其细胞周期的分布、抑制乳腺癌肿瘤血管内皮细胞生长因子受体-2的表达,对其增殖具有抑制作用.     

重组人血管内皮生长因子165在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达、纯化与体外活性评价

人血管内皮生长因子165(VEGF165)可有效促进血管新生和增加血管通透性,在伤口愈合方面有重要医疗价值。建立获取高纯度、高活性的优质重组VEGF165蛋白的方法具有重要意义。研究利用带有6组氨酸标签的二硫键形成蛋白A(Dsb A)的E.coli表达系统实现了Dsb A-VEGF165融合蛋白的可溶性表达;诱导过程中添加5%(v/v)的乙醇可显著提高工程菌中可溶性融合蛋白表达水平。融合蛋白通过Ni亲和层析粗纯,并经牛肠激酶酶切去除标签蛋白。随后利用肝素亲和层析精纯获得重组人VEGF165蛋白。非还原及还原SDS-PAGE电泳检测到分子量为约40 k Da的同源二聚体蛋白,促HUVEC细胞增殖实验显示重组蛋白具有较优的活性,EC50为13 ng/m L。研究实现了Dsb A-VEGF165的在E.coli中可溶性表达,建立了经济、高效的纯化方法,获得了高质量、高活性的重组人VEGF165蛋白。     

血管内皮生长因子基因反义核酸设计及其对HL60细胞生长的影响

目的:用计算机设计筛选出血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的高效反义核酸;用实验方法研究VEGF反义核酸对HL60细胞生长的影响。方法:用RNAstructure(version3 7)软件,选择总自由能(Overall△G37)的相对低的反义核酸,共计7条,长度18～20核苷酸,全硫代修饰;细胞培养72h,采用胎盼蓝拒染法观察存活细胞,用ELISA法检测培养液中VEGF蛋白水平,分析反义核酸对HL60细胞的作用。结果:筛选出6条反义药物对HL60细胞生长有明显抑制作用,其中4条优于阳性对照组(A2);A7组细胞生长抑制率达41 74%。培养液中VEGF蛋白表达抑制率达47 81%。Overall△G37与反义核酸活性密切相关(r=-0 842,P<0 01)。结论:计算机辅助设计有助于获得更好的反义药物,VEGF反义核酸可抑制HL60细胞生长及VEGF蛋白表达,VEGF可能成为白血病治疗的新靶点。     

电刺激小脑顶核促脑缺血后血管内皮生长因子表达的意义

探讨电刺激小脑顶核(FNS)对局部脑缺血后血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达和毛细血管新生的影响．以线栓法制成大鼠右侧大脑中动脉梗塞模型(MCAO)，大鼠随机分为假手术对照组、MCAO组、电刺激小脑顶(MCAO FNS)干预组，以免疫组织化学法检测VEGF、内皮细胞阳性表达及毛细血管记数，大脑中动脉梗塞后，缺血区神经元变性、坏死，VEGF、内皮细胞在半暗带有少量表达，毛细血管数较对照组增加，经电刺激小脑顶核干预后，VEGF、内皮细胞大量表达，毛细血管数目明显增加，有统计学差异．电刺激小脑顶核可通过促VEGF表达、内皮细胞增殖，从而促进毛细血管新生。     

Specific anti-tumor effect induced by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing extracellular region of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

The purposes of this research were to study the stable expression of exogenous gene encoding therapeutic protein in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, observe the metabolism of oral gene vaccine carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in BALB/c mouse, and investigate the feasibility of prevention and treatment of tumors by the recombinant bacteria. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7) was transformed into competent attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 to develop oral DNA vaccine SL3261-pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7). To observe whether the exogenous gene can be expressed in the recombinant bacteria, PCR was performed to amplify the CMV promoter of the eukaryotic expression vector as the proof of stable expression of exogenous protein; transmission elec- tron microscopy (TEM) was applied to observe the morphology of the recombinant bacteria to confirm that the exogenous gene has no impact on the growth of the bacteria, and then BALB/c mice were immunized with the gene vaccine. After inoculation of the gene vaccine, the recombinant bacteria SL3261 could be detected in the tissues such as small intestine, colon, liver and spleen. And then, mice in each group were challenged with tumor cells. The results of animal experiment showed that tumor growth of the mice in experimental group was inhibited and survival time of immunized mice was prolonged compared with control groups. A higher lymphocyte infiltration in tumors from animals treated with DNA vaccine was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples revealed an en- hanced accumulation of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as an increase in CD4 cells in the tumors of animals treated with the oral gene vaccine compared to tumors from control group mice. Ultrastructure of the tumor tissue showed that tumor cells in the samples of the immunized mice were well-differentiated. Our research confirmed that the exogenous gene can be stably expressed in the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and has no impact on the growth of the recombinant bacteria; the exogenous gene can de delivered to the host by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to produce anti-tumor effect with no obvious cytotoxity to the host. In this study, it is established that attenuated Salmonella typhimurium could be used as a vector for oral gene vaccine, and our study provided a theoretical basis for the body distribution and the metabolism of the recombinant bacteria. This strategy may provide a simple, safe and effective way for the prevention and treatment of tumors.     

Expression ofbcl-2 gene increases in apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by rattlesnake venom

Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) has been induced by deprivation of survival factors (aFGF and serum) and by rattlesnake venom. The expression ofbcl-2 gene has been examined by Northern blotting in the two apoptosis inducing systems. Our results show that the expression ofbcl-2 has not been detected in normal culture cells and in apoptotic cells induced by deprivation of survival factors. But in apoptotic cells induced by rattlesnake venom (10 ng/mL), the expression ofbcl-2 increases, and its mRNA exhibits two bands. The data first suggest that increasing expression and splitting ofbcl-2 mRNA may play an important role in apoptosis of VEC induced by rattlesnake venom, and this finding is helpful to understanding the role ofbcl-2 in regulation of apoptosis.     

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞一氧化氮生成的影响

目的：观察人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（haFGF）及其非促分裂型突变体（nmhamF）对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HEC）一氧化氮（NO）生成的影响。方法：实验分3组,分别为haFGF组、nmhaFGF组和对照组。用Griess反应法检测细胞培养上清NO相对含量（N嘎）。结果：haFGF和nmhaFGF都能诱导内皮细胞NO的生成,但同样条件下,nmhaFGF组诱导产生NO的相对含量与对照组比较在0．10、1．00、10．00、50．00、100．00ng／mL时均高（P〈0．01）。与haFGF组比较在0．10、1．00、10．00、50．00ng／mL时nmhaFGF组诱导产生NO的相对含量明显下降（P〈0．01）,在0．01和100．00ng／mL时也有降低（P〈0．05）。结论：nmhaFGF仍保留一定的诱导内皮细胞产生NO的作用,但NO生成量有显著下降。     

光动力疗法对兔肝癌肿瘤微血管密度及血管内皮细胞生长因子的影响

目的：研究光动力疗法对兔肝＇VX2移植癌模型的抑瘤作用及其可能的机制,为临床应用 PDT 治疗肝癌提供依据;方法用15只新西兰白兔制成VX2细胞肝癌模型。以血卟啉衍生物（HPD）为光敏剂观察PDT的抑瘤效果,应用免疫组化染色检测VEGF及MVD的表达水平;结果 PDT对肿瘤明显的杀伤作用;PDT组中VEGF及Mr＇VD的表达水平显著的低于对照组（p〈0.05）;结论 PDT可抑制兔肝VX2移植癌中肿瘤灶VEGF的生成,减少肿瘤灶内MVD。PDT抗肿瘤血管形成是其抑制肿瘤生长的一个重要机制。     

血管内皮生长因子-C及其受体Flt-4在大肠癌组织中表达的意义

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及其Flt-4受体在大肠癌的表达与淋巴管新生及转移的关系。方法：对58例大肠癌组织及12例正常肠黏膜进行VEGF-C、FLt-4及CD34免疫组织化学染色,并计数微淋巴管密度(LMVD)和血管密度(MVD)。结果：VEGF-C在大肠癌中的表达明显高于正常黏膜(P＜O．01)。大肠癌VEGF-C表达与淋巴结转移及Dukes分期呈显正相关(P＜O．01)。大肠癌微淋巴管密度(LMVD)与淋巴结转移呈正相关(P＜O．01)。结论：VEGF-C在大肠癌中表达升高,可能通过旁分泌方式作用于Flt-4信号通路引发淋巴管新生,有助于发生淋巴结转移;VEGF-C对判断大肠癌预后有辅助作用。     

Expression, purification of a synthetic fuse-protein-TSF from PF4 and TSP1 fragments and its effect on angiogenesis and tumor growth

Sequences encoding PF4 (58–70) and TSP1 (429–459) were linked to yield a single gene TSF which encodes the fuse-protein of TSF. The gene was cloned into a pGEX-2T expression vector to generate a protein GST-TSF, which was strongly expressed inE. coli. The purified GST-TSF was degraded with thrombin to generate the protein TSF. With the methods of MTT and wound repair assay, the effects of TSF on the proliferation and migration of EC were detected, respectively. The results showed that TSF significantly suppressed BAEC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. The fuse protein GST-TSF, and the peptides PF4 (58–70) and TSP1 (429–459) also inhibited BAEC proliferation and migration, respectively, but their inhibition rates were not as high as TSF. Using the CAM assay, it was shown that TSF, GST-TSF, PF4 (58–70) and TSP1 (429–459) inhibited angiogenesis in chick CAM potentially, the effect of TSF was the highest.In vivo, the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma was potently inhibited by TSF treatment, and the inhibition rate was 68.75% at a dose of 1.00 μmol/kg · d. These findings suggest that the design on TSF gene was successful, and TSF with its anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity, should be a useful source of the inhibitor.     

中空介孔硅球对血管内皮细胞的细胞毒性

通过细胞增殖实验和乳酸脱氢酶释放实验,流式细胞术,透射电镜及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪检测等方法,证实HMSN在浓度超过62.5 μg/mL时,会对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞产生毒性,半抑制浓度约为150 μg/mL.高浓度下HMSN导致细胞增殖抑制和乳酸脱氢酶释放,使细胞周期阻滞在G1期,并最终诱导细胞坏死.同时发现HMS...