Genetic relationships among Chinese and American isolates of Phytophthora sojae assessed by RAPD markers

The genetic diversity of three geographic populations of Phytophthora sojae from China and the United States was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. The purpose was to explore genetic relationships among Chinese and American isolates of the organism. 21 random primers were selected among 200 random primers screened. A total of 223 reproducible RAPD fragments were scored among 111 individuals, of which 199 （89.23%） were polymorphic. Analysis of genetic variation showed that there existed higher genetic variation in the United States population in comparison to the Chinese populations. Nei＇s genetic identity and principal component analysis indicated that the populations of Fujian and United States are closer to each other than to Heilongjiang populations. Shannon-Wiener diversity index revealed that the United States populations have a higher genetic di- versity than that of Chinese populations. These data are in support of the hypothesis that P. sojae in the United States might not have been introduced from China.     

Bioinformatic analysis of expressed sequence tags from sporophyte of Porphyra yezoensis （Bagiaceae, Rhodophyta）

A total of 719 expressed sequence tags (EST) clustered into 329 non?redundant EST groups are obtained from the sporophyte cDNA library of red algae, Porphyra yezoensis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis is employed in characterizing 60 strictest annotated unique genes out of the 329 EST groups and some domains such as COX1, Sod-Fe-C, GST-N, SHMT, and RNase-PH related to the enzymes and proteins functioning in cells have been identified by HMMPFAM search. As its leafy gametophyte, the similar codon usage with strong bias is found in P. yezoensis filamentous sporophyte, regardless of some differences found in given amino acids. The average GC content of the 329 unique genes is 53.0%. In contrast, the third nucleotide of codon exhibits a higher GC content (72%) than that of the first (58%) and the second (42%) nucleotides. Similarity search of the present study shows a novel EST ratio of 60.2%, which is against the Porphyra ESTs database, suggesting further investigations towards elucidating the characteristics of Porphyra functional genome.     

Development of simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers of ramie and comparison of SSR and inter-SSR marker systems

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. ) is an important bast fiber crop. To study genetic background of this species, we isolated and characterized microsatellite markers of ramie. A genomic library containing inserts of rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)fragments was constructed, and screened by PCR amplification using anchored simple sequence repeats as primers. A total of 26 clones were identified as positives, and 13 microsatellite loci were found after sequencing. The polymorphism of these 13 microsatellite loci was examined and the utility of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and inter-SSR (ISSR) marker systems for genetic characterization compared using 19 selected ramie cultivars. Both approaches successfully discriminated the 19 cultivars which differed in the amount of polymorphism detected. The level of polymorphism detected by SSR was 95.0 %, higher than that by ISSR (72.3 % ), but the average polymorphism information content (PIC) of ISSR (0. 651) was higher than that of SSR (0. 441). The higher PIC value of ISSR suggests that ISSR is more efficient for fingerprinting ramie cultivars than SSR markers. However, because the SSR loci are codominant, they are more suitable for determining the homozygosity levels of ramie, constructing linkage map, quantitative trait loci study of complex traits and marker-as-sisted selection.     

Studies of new EST-SSRs derived from Gossypium barbadense

Existing cotton EST-SSR markers are mostly derived from Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium hir-sutum, but EST-SSR markers from Gossypium barbadense are scarce. One hundred and nineteen EST-SSRs were developed based on 98 unique ESTs from a cDNA library constructed in our laboratory using developing fibers from G. barbadense cv. Pima3-79. Among the SSRs, trinucleotide AAG appeared at a high frequency of 11.76%. 36 accessions (consisting of 13 diploids of the A genome, 11 diploids of the D genome and 12 allotetraploids of the AD genome) were employed to test new EST-SSRs. 76 EST-SSRs were successfully amplified, and 313 polymorphic fragments were yielded, with an average of 4.11 fragments per primer pair. The PIC ranged from 0.17 to 0.95 with an average of 0.53. Based on Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficient, these 36 accessions were clustered into three groups. 21 EST-SSRs exhibited polymorphisms in BC1 population ((Emian22 × Pima3-79) × Emian22), 24 polymor- phic loci were generated, while 22 of the 24 polymorphic loci were integrated with our interspecific BC1 backbone genetic linkage map, and anchored in 12 chromosomes. This study effectively proved that EST-SSRs from G. barbadense are valuable for genetic diversity analysis and genetic mapping.     

河北省和黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病菌SSR基因型分析

用SSR分子标记,对致病疫霉群体结构进行分析,完善了中国研究晚疫病菌的分子标记体系。利用两个SSR引物Pi4B和Pi4G对来自河北和黑龙江两个省份的58个马铃薯晚疫病菌株基因组DNA进行SSR基因型鉴定,分析其遗传多样性。河北省的菌株共鉴定出4个SSR基因型:D-03,F-01,G-02和F-06。其中,F-06是首次报道的新的SSR基因型。黑龙江的菌株共鉴定出2个SSR基因型。在两省的菌株中,基因型F-01所占比例都最大,且占绝对优势。不同交配型可存在于同一SSR基因型中,同一SSR基因型的菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性存在差异。聚类结果还显示占被测菌株群体最大比例的F-01基因型与国外的对照菌株的亲缘关系较远。     

Genetic contribution of foreign germplasm to elite Chinese soybean （Glycine max） cultivars revealed by SSR markers

Among 651 soybean (Glycine max) cultivars re- leased from 1923 to 1995, most of the parents used in the breeding program of northeast China and Huang- huai-hai valley were cultivars well adapted to local ecologic areas. Narrow parentage and lack of geneti…     

Screening microsatellite markers from EST sequences of bay scallop Argopecten irradians

Seventy-five simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were identified by the bioinformatic analysis from 5008 expressed sequence tags （ESTs） of Argopecten irradians. Among the SSRs, the number of repeat nucleotide varied from 2 to 6. Dinucleotide and trinueleotide repeat motifs were dominant in EST-SSRs of bay scallop, with a proportion of 80% over the total screened SSRs. Twenty-nine pairs of primer were designed based on the flank sequences of the selected ESTs using the software of Primet 5, and verified under the given PCR reaction condition. Eighteen of the 29 primer pairs resulted in the expected products, while the remaining either failed to produce any fragments or yielded products over expected size. Thirteen of the 18 SSRs, accounting for 72%, were detected to show polymorphism in the examined scallop samples. A preliminary test in this study indicated that the majority of the identified SSRs were informative in the cultured bay scallops, making them suitable for the population and other genetic analysis. EST-SSR markers have more advantages than the traditional genomic-derived SSRs and there is a wide range of application in comparative mapping, functional gene cloning and marker assisted selection. This research provides a reference to the identification of EST-SSRs with relative bioinformatic analysis from aquaculture species, as well as to those with a large number of ESTs.     

应用ITS序列及SSR标记分析核桃与铁核桃亲缘关系

核桃与铁核桃是我国核桃属两个主要栽培种,而后者又是我国特有种,关于两个种在植物分类学上的归属问题一直存在争议。该研究分别以核桃与铁核桃的5个居群为试材,采用ITS序列多态性分析及SSR分子标记技术,从分子水平上讨论了两个种的亲缘关系。结果显示两个种的ITS序列仅出现了一个碱基差异,序列高度相似。SSR标记共扩出了65个等位基因,其中三家村居群与其宗居群的遗传距离最近,为0.119,遗传距离最远的为MN居群与HS居群,为0.522。种间居群遗传距离与种内遗传距离相近,种间差异不明显。这一结果说明两个种应为不同的地理生态型。     

来源于酸马奶的植物乳杆菌Bx6-2抑制甜瓜疫霉菌的研究

采用生长速率法测定植物乳杆菌Bx6-2的发酵液对甜瓜疫霉菌菌丝生长的影响,并对抑菌活性物质的理化性质进行了研究.结果表明,该菌的发酵液对甜瓜疫霉菌菌丝的生长有抑制作用.发酵液中的活性物质有较好的热稳定性,在pH 6.0时抑菌效果较好,对酸性蛋白酶敏感,对中性蛋白酶不敏感,常温下10 d的稳定性较好.通过调节pH、酶处理和加热处理实验,说明其抑菌活性物质不是乳酸,蛋白质类物质起了一定的抑菌作用,但其抑菌现象可能是与其他物质共同作用的结果.     

相量图法分析相序指示器电路

本文根据网络分析原理,结合相量图得出相序指示器电路中电容C值变化引起负载中性点偏移规律及选择电容C的理论根据,给出解类相序指示器三相电路的简捷方法——相量图解法.     

Screening and Insert Size Analysis of Candidate C-Genome BAC Clones from Brassica napus

Thirty-two C-genome specific candidate bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones were successfully screened from the BAC library by four-dimensional PCR method with the primer pairs of 75 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located in the nine C-genome linkage groups of Brassica napus. The screened 32 BAC clones have an average insert size of 114.2 kb with a range of 30-190 kb. They are the first set of C-genome BAC clones screened from B. napus genomic BAC library. The average insert size of this set of BAC clones presented that the constructed BAC library had a high quality. This set of BAC clones can be used as markers to identify individual chromosomes of B. napus C-genome.     

微卫星标记在人参和西洋参鉴别中的应用

从GenBank中寻找含有简单重复序列(SSR)位点的人参DNA片段序列,设计SSR引物,挑选PCR扩增条带清晰的引物,对人参和西洋参进行PCR扩增及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,选择能够区别2个种的引物.共有来自8个SSR位点的9对引物能扩增出可区分人参和西洋参的特异性片段,其中7对SSR引物在西洋参中能稳定地扩增出特异性...     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a presenescing leaf gene psl1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A rice psl1 (presenescing leaf) mutant was obtained from a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 via radiation of 60Co-γ in M2 generation. Every leaf of the mutant began to wither after it reached the big-gest length,while the leaves of the wild variety could keep green for 25―35 d. In this study,genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out for the mutant identified. The SSR marker analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (psl1) located on chromosome 2. Fine mapping of the psl1 locus was conducted with 34 new STS markers developed around psl1 anchored region based on the sequence diversity between Nippon-bare and 93-11. The psl1 was further mapped be-tween two STS markers,STS2-19 and STS2-26,with genetic distances of 0.43 and 0.11 cM,respectively,while cosegregated with STS2-25. A BAC contig was found to span the psl1 locus,the region being delim-ited to 48 kb. This result was very useful for cloning of the psl1 gene.     

Verification and fine-mapping of QTLs conferring days to flowering in soybean using residual heterozygous lines

The results of QTL mapping based on a primary mapping population should be further verified and refined for its real utilization in marker-assisted selection or map-based cloning.The primary mapping population contains 114 BC1F1 plants of the backcross between Essex (maturity group V,MG V) as the donor parent and ZDD2315 (MG II) as the recurrent parent.In this study,a genetic linkage map with 250 SSR markers spanning a total length of 2963.5 cM on 25 linkage groups (LG) was constructed using software MAPMAK...