The dopaminergic innervation as observed by immunohistochemistry using anti-dopamine serum in the rat cerebral cortex

Summary By using an antiserum raised against dopamine bound to bovine serum albumin, thinner dopamine-labeled nerve terminals were visualized immunohistochemically within neocortical areas, in addition to well-documented dopaminergic innervation into the prefrontal and limbic cortices.This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas, Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Culture (No. 62623002).     

Depression of neurones in the rat cerebral cortex by leptazol

Summary The convulsant drug leptazol was applied by microiontophoresis to 116 neurones in the cerebral cortex of rats. The firing of 101 cells was reduced. Only 6 cells were excited.     

Brain stem projections to the cerebral cortex in the rat

Summary By means of the HRP method it was shown that the entire cerebral cortex, but in greater proportion the frontal and posterior temporo-parietal regions, receive fibres from the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei and from the locus coeruleus. In contrast, the pars compacta substantiae nigrae and the tegmental area send projections to the motor and cingular areas respectively.     

Brain stem projections to the cerebral cortex in the rat.

By means of the HRP method it was shown that the entire cerebral cortex, but in greater proportion the frontal and posterior temporo-parietal regions, receive fibres from the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei and from the locus coeruleus. In contrast, the pars compacta substantiae nigrae and the tegmental area send projections to the motor and cingular areas respectively.     

Distribution of H3-dimetacrine in rat cerebral cortex by electron microscopic autoradiography

Summary The cellular distribution of H³-dimetacrine in rat cerebral cortex was studied by electron microscopic autoradiography. A considerable proportion of autoradiographic grains (40.6%) was located over the synaptic areas, while the other structures (i.e., dendrites, axons, glial and neuronal cells) contained less autoradiographic activity.Acknowledgments. The authors wish to thank Siegfried AG., Switzerland, for the generous supply of 3-bromo-dimetacrine. Dimetacrine was kindly donated by Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.     

Adenylate cyclase in the developing rat cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb

Activities of adenylate cyclase, measured either in the absence or presence of sodium fluoride and Triton X-100, are determined in cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb homogenate of rats of 1 to 35 days of postnatal age. Differences in properties of the enzyme in the 2 structures are demonstrated.     

Possible regulation of membrane-associated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in rat cerebral cortex by lipids

Summary Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) in membrane fraction from rat cerebral cortex was activated by Triton X-100, and treatment at alkaline pH and with phospholipase C. These results suggest that membrane PDE exists in a latent form and is influenced by microenvironmental changes within the membrane. Furthermore, the PDE, unlike soluble enzyme, is not influenced by a protein activator and Ca⁺⁺.     

Adenylate cyclase in the developing rat cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb

Summary Activities of adenylate cyclase, measured either in the absence of sodium fluoride and Triton X-100, are determined in cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb homogenate of rats of 1 to 35 days of postnatal age. Differences in properties of the enzyme in the 2 structures are demonstrated.     

Possible regulation of membrane-associated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in rat cerebral cortex by lipids.

Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) in membrane fraction from rat cerebral cortex was activated by Triton X-100, and treatment at alkaline pH and with phospholipase C. These results suggest that membrane PDE exists in a latent form and is influenced by microenvironmental changes within the membrane. Furthermore, the PDE, unlike soluble enzyme, is not influenced by a protein activator and Ca++.     

The cerebral cortex regulates immune responses in the mouse

Ablation of the left cerebral cortex abrogates the production of thymic hormone, reduces the number of spleen T cells and impairs immunization with sheep erythrocytes. In addition, partial decortication inhibits the ability of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) to increase the level of circulating thymic hormone, as well as the number of splenic T cells. Therefore, the cerebral cortex would display an important role to maintain body integrity and relations with the external environment, through its effects on the immune system.     

The blood flow of the cerebral cortex determined by radioactive krypton85

Zusammenfassung Der radioaktive indifferente Luftbestandteil Krypton⁸⁵ (in Ringer-Flüssigkeit) wird in die Arteria carotis communis injiziert und die Radioaktivität über der freigelegten Gehirnoberfläche verfolgt. Die Methode ergibt reproduzierbare quantitativecorticale Perfusionswerte und eignet sich auch für andere Gewebe.     

Ultrastructural observation on the tips of growing vascular cords in the rat cerebral cortex

Summary The distal ends of the vascular cord in the cerebral cortex are investigated electron microscopically in rats at the 13th postnatal day. The tip of the vascular cord consists of central cuboidal cells (primitive endothelial cells) and surrounding flat cells (primitive pericytes), and has no lumen. The primitive endothelial cells (tip cells) possess several long tentacles which contain only fibrous structures and extend through the neuropile.This study was supported in part by a grant in aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education of Japan (No. 448085).     

The specification of neuronal identity in the mammalian cerebral cortex

Summary The determination of neuronal fate in the developing cerebral cortex has been studied by tracking normal cell lineages in the cortex, and by testing the commitment of young cortical neurons to their normal fates. These studies together suggest that neuronal progenitors are multipotent during development and have the potential to produce neurons destined for many or all of the cortical layers. However, the laminar identity of an individual neuron appears to be specified through environmental interactions at the time of the cell's temrinal mitotic division, prior to its migration into the cortical plate.     

The specification of neuronal identity in the mammalian cerebral cortex

The determination of neuronal fate in the developing cerebral cortex has been studied by tracking normal cell lineages in the cortex, and by testing the commitment of young cortical neurons to their normal fates. These studies together suggest that neuronal progenitors are multipotent during development and have the potential to produce neurons destined for many or all of the cortical layers. However, the laminar identity of an individual neuron appears to be specified through environmental interactions at the time of the cell's terminal mitotic division, prior to its migration into the cortical plate.     

Peptidergic innervation of the temporomandibular disk in the rat

Summary The peptidergic innervation of the temporomandibular disk was investigated in the postnatal young rat by using an indirect immunofluorescence method. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibers were located around the blood vessels and terminated as free nerve endings in the disk. These nerve fibers may be of a sensory nature.     

Peptidergic innervation of the temporomandibular disk in the rat

The peptidergic innervation of the temporomandibular disk was investigated in the postnatal young rat by using an indirect immunofluorescence method. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibers were located around the blood vessels and terminated as free nerve endings in the disk. These nerve fibers may be of a sensory nature.     

Kinetics and subcellular distribution of S35-taurine uptake in rat cerebral cortex slices

Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Aufnahme von S³⁵-Taurin in Rattencortex-Schnittchen wird im Konzentrationsbereich von 9×10^–8 M bis 5×10^–3 M untersucht. Nach Abzug des Transportes durch Diffusion (K _D ×S) findet man einen Mechanismus, der Michaelis-Menten Kinetik folgt (v _sat ), mitK _m =1,73×10^–4 M. Ein solcher Transport liegt nicht im Bereich des spezifischen «uptake» der Neurotransmitter. Auch die sehr niedrige Aufnahme-Rate und die subzelluläre Verteilung nach «uptake» sprechen gegen eine Neurotransmitter-Funktion von Taurin.     

Monoaminergic neurons in the brain of goldfish as observed by immunohistochemical techniques

With an immunofluorescent technique, catecholaminergic neurons were identified for the first time in the dorsal and medial thalamus and in the ventralis telencephali (the rostro-medial part of the lobus olfactorius) of the goldfish brain. Serotonin-containing neurons were found in the pretectal area.