Relationship between magnetic fabric parameters and dynamic characteristics of deposits in different environments

Comparison of magnetic fabric parameters of deposits in different modern sedimentary environments indicates that values ofP, F andL of eolian deposits are lower obviously than those of hydrogenic ones respectively. On relationship diagrams of magnetic fabric parameters, data points of eolian samples concentrated in limited area near origin of coordinates indicate that dynamic intensity is lower with less variation; while those of hydrogenic ones depart from origin of coordinates suggest higher intensity of sedimentary dynamics. Analyses of dynamic characteristics of different sedimentary environments indicate that values of magnetic fabric parameters of deposits are determined by dynamic types and characteristics of depositional processes. Magnetic fabric analyses of deposits are effective in determination of sedimentary environments.     

Magnetic fabric characteristics of late Quaternary strata in Shanghai area

The result of measurements and analyses on magnetic fabrics data for the late Quaternary core at Caoyangxincun in Shanghai shows that abrupt changes of magnetic fabric curves coincide with the boundaries between the marine strata and underlying stiff clay. Littoral, neritic, subtidal and tidal flat facies in the marine strata have distinct magnetic fabric characteristics. The curves of the parameters,K, P, L, q, display clear boundaries between various facies, which could serve as a new method for the stratigraphic subdivision and correlation.     

塔里木盆地志留系沉积体系及分布特征

根据现代沉积学和层序地层学理论 ,对塔里木盆地志留系大量的岩心、测井和地震资料进行了综合研究。结果表明 ,研究区志留系可以划分成 2个沉积层序 ,又可分为 3个沉积体系 :(1)发育较高成分和结构成熟度的冲洗层理和前积序列的滨岸沉积体系 ;(2 )生物扰动构造发育的砂泥岩不等厚间互的滨外陆棚和斜坡沉积体系 ;(3)具平缓地势缺乏障壁岛的碎屑潮坪沉积体系。详细分析了这些沉积体系的岩性序列、沉积构造及粒度概率等沉积特征 ,建立了研究区碎屑海岸和碎屑潮坪沉积模式 ,确定了不同沉积相的平面分布规律。结果显示满加尔坳陷草 1井区为盆地的沉积中心。根据该区沉积相与生储盖层之间的关系 ,探明了塔北南斜坡滨岸砂岩和塔中北斜坡砂坪砂岩是今后勘探的有利地区。     

Carboniferous biogenic sedimentary structures on the northwestern margin of Jungar Basin

Volcanic clastic rocks of 2 300 m thick are developed in the Carboniferous of the Halaalate Mountains in the northwestern margin of the Jungar Basin. The research of sedimentology indicates that they were formed by the sedimentation of deep-water environnent. They could be divided into three ichnofacies from the lower part to the upper part, i.e. deep-sea ichnofacies, Nereites ichnofacies, andZoophycos ichnofacies. From the vertical evolution of biogenic structures and ichnofacies it could be considered that during the Carboniferious a bathayl basin was gradually changed into a semideep sea basin where progradational sediments in the sea regression were deposited. The Carboniferous represents the sedimentary characteristics during a sea-level falling cycle.     

沉积学发展现状与前瞻

沉积学的概念源于１９世纪初,其发展大致经历了沉积岩石学、沉积学、沉积地质学三个阶段。目前,随着各种边缘、分支、交叉及横断学科的发展,沉积学研究取得了重大进展,主要表现在层序地层学、事件沉积学、矿床沉积学、实验沉积学、大地构造沉积学、储层沉积学、全球旋回地层学等的诞生和发展。预计到２１世纪,沉积学除在大陆动力学、全球变化方面进一步深入发展外,还将与资源和环境密切结合,形成新的学科领域,主要包括资源沉积学、环境沉积学、大陆动力沉积学、全球变化沉积学诸方面,进而为人类生存与发展作出重大的贡献。     

浙西和长江三角洲南翼潮滩沉积与风暴事件

浙西及长江三角洲南翼潮坪剖面均显示，微型层序和小型层序是潮坪沉积的基本组成单元。潮坪观测证明，砂质单层是风暴沉积，而泥质单层是正常天气的沉积单元。砂、泥质单层共同组成一个小型层序（风暴序列）．风暴沉积在潮坪层序中占重要地位，大小潮沉积旋回的概念不适合于长江三角洲一类的非潮道潮坪。     

贵阳乌当志留系下高寨田群的沉积环境及遗迹化石

据对贵阳乌当奶坡冲志留系下高寨田群上段地层、古生物、遗迹化石、岩石及沉积构造等方面资料的分析,认为其代表了从潮下带到潮间带到潮上带的一个潮坪沉积序到。文章还对遗迹化石进行了描述。     

潮坪沉积韵律与沉积间断

淅西及长江三角洲南翼潮坪剖面均显示，微型层序和小型层序是潮坪沉积的基本组成单元，潮汐说认为，潮坪层序中砂质单层是在大潮汐期间形成的，而泥质单层是在小潮期间形成的潮坪观测证明，砂质单层是风暴沉积，而泥质单层是正常天气的沉积单元，砂，泥质单层共同组成一个支序（风暴序列），风暴沉积在潮坪层序中占重要地位，大小潮沉积旋回的概念不适合于长江三角洲一类的非潮道潮坪。     

Sedimentation processes and sedimentary characteristics of tidal bores along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary

A tidal bore is a unique Earth surface process, characterized by its highly destructive energy, predictable periodicities and magni-tudes, and the production of characteristic sedimentary features. Tidal bores and associated rapid flood flows are highly turbulent flows of the upper-flow regime with a velocity over several meters per second. Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, respectively, are larger than 104 and 1.0, making them significantly different from regular tidal flows but analogous to turbidity currents. Until now, understanding of tidal-bore depositional processes and products has been limited because of the difficulty and hazards involved with gauging tidal bores directly. The Qiantang bore is known as the largest breaking bore in the world. Field surveys were carried out in May 2010, along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary to observe the occurrence of peak bores, including regular observations of current, water level and turbidity at the main channel. Several short cores were sampled on the intertidal flats to study the characteristic sedimentary features of tidal bores. Hydrodynamic and sedimentological studies show that the processes of sediment resuspension, transport and deposition are controlled primarily by the tidal bores, and the subsequent abruptly accelerated and decelerated flood flows, which only account for one tenth of each semidiurnal tidal cycle in the estuary. Tidal-bore deposits are generally poorly sorted because of rapid sedimentation after highly mixed suspension by intense turbulence. This behavior is characteristic of the absence of tractive-current depositional components in a C-M diagram. It also goes along with well-developed massive bedding, graded bedding, basal erosion structures, convolute bedding and dewatering structures. Together, these sedimentary features can constitute fingerprinting of turbidites, widely distributed in the deep-water environment. However, a tidal bore is triggered by intensely deformed tidal waves propagating into a shallow-water environment, which returns to regular tidal flows rapidly after the passage of the bore head. The tidal-bore deposits are usually bounded by the intertidal-flat deposits with typical tidal beddings at the top and on both flanks. The difference between tidal-bore deposits (TBD) and tidal sandy/muddy deposits (TSD/TMD) is evident not only in sedimentary structures, but also in the grain-size composition. They can be clearly distinguished in grain-size bivariate plots, typically the plot of mean grain size vs. standard deviation (or sorting). Some trend variations generally exist in mean grain size with TBD>TSD>TMD, sorting with TMD>TBD>TSD (larger value indicating poorer sorting), and both skewness and kurtosis with TSD>TBD>TMD. These findings will undoubtedly shed new light on our understanding of tidal-bore sedimentology, ancient tidal-bore sedimentary facies and environments, and related oil-and-gas field prospecting.     

塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组沉积特征

 在沉积学、矿场地球物理学、古生物学等学科的理论指导下,通过岩心观察,结合测井、录井、古生物遗迹、分析化验等资料综合分析认为:塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组沉积灰色含沥青粉砂岩、绿灰色泥质粉砂岩、灰色中细砂岩、灰白色细砂岩及灰色含砾中细砂岩、灰绿色粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩;发育低角度冲洗层理、波状层理、脉状层理、透镜状层理、流水波纹、楔状交错层理、大量的同生泥砾及泥质条带,砂泥岩薄互层,低砂地比且从盆地中心向盆地边缘逐渐降低的现象以及大量的生物扰动现象都反映了一种低能的潮坪沉积环境。在研究区柯坪塔格组主要识别出潮间带,潮下带,发育朝下砂坝、潮间下砂坪、潮间中砂泥混合坪等微相,并结合分析化验资料讨论了不同沉积微相与油气的关系。     

山西柳林成家庄剖面太原组沉积环境浅析

通过对山西柳林成家庄剖面太原组地层宏观岩性特征、结构特征、古生物种类及组合、垂向沉积序列、石灰岩微相及地化的综合研究,分析了该段地层的沉积环境,石灰岩属碳酸盐潮下亚相沉积,包括开阔潮下和局限潮下微相;泥岩与煤层为障壁砂坝-泻湖沉积体系中的潮坪沉积,包括泥坪和泥炭坪微相。     

云南白显锰矿平台矿段沉积相与成锰环境分析

云南白显锰矿区为一套碳酸盐岩含锰建造，主要岩石类型有灰岩类、白云岩类和锰质告类，矿区的主要告相属碳酸盐局限台地相，分为泻湖、潮坪和蒸发潮坪三个亚相。锰矿层产于局限台地泻湖－潮坪－蒸发坪相序中。低Ｅｈ值和高ｐＨ值是锰质富集的主要地球化学条件。     

塔中地区志留系层序、沉积和油气分布规律

塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系沉积环境为潮控滨岸带,主要发育潮坪沉积体系,这在柯坪塔格组表现得尤为突出.在低缓地形背景下发育的柯坪塔格组潮坪沉积环境可分为潮间带和潮下带,发育泥坪、混合坪、砂坪和潮道沉积相.根据层序地层学理论,综合研究野外露头、测井、地震等资料,将塔中地区志留系划分为5个三级层序,每个层序均由海侵和高位体系域两部分组成.由于潮坪沉积的特殊性,每个层序均由1个完整的旋回构成.结合试油资料对塔中11油藏的塔中11井、塔中11-1和塔中117井进行分析,发现在层序的高位体系域中富集油气,而且在SQ1中富集油,在SQ2中富集气,形成低孔低渗油气藏.形成储层的潮道和砂坪沉积具有较好的储集物性,其上覆泥坪形成有效遮挡的盖层,这些是形成油气藏的根本原因,直接原因是高位体系域中的储层比海侵体系域中的储层更靠近盖层.     

川东大池干井构造带石炭系储层岩石学特征及沉积环境

根据川东大池干井构造带的钻井岩心和薄片资料，从岩性特征、古生物特征入手，结合区域地质综合分析，将上石炭统划分为三个段。文章详细地研究了沉积环境及演化特点，划分出５种沉积相，并研究了它们的识别标志，及在横向上的展布规律。认为受表生期溶蚀改造的白云岩段是最好的储层段，而碳酸盐砂滩相中的颗粒云岩则是最好的储集岩。     

Magnetic fabrics in fault-related fold and its relation with finite strain: an example from Mingjiang thrust structures in Western Sichuan

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a quick, effective and sensitive technique used to measure the weakly deformed sedimentary rocks, and also a reliable method to reveal the deforming mechanisms of fault-related folds. In Longmenshan front belt, a typical cross-section of fault-related folds is chosen to study the AMS. A total of 224 oriented specimens have been drilled at 23 different sampling sites which were distributed at the key structural positions of this structural section developed in the Xujiahe formation of the upper Triassic. Six elementary types of magnetic fabrics are recognized and established through this AMS study: 1) a sedimentary fabric; 2) an initial deformation fabric; 3) a pencil structure fabric; 4) a weak cleavage fabric; 5) a strong cleavage fabric; 6) a stretching lineation fabric. It has been found that most of magnetic fabrics are characterized by fabrics of weak deformation which belong to the pure-shear results of a pre-folding layer parallel shortening (LPS). In the fault-bend fold, almost all magnetic fabrics are the initial deformation fabrics of weak deformation, and denote that the deformation in the forelimb is stronger than that in the backlimb and no finite strain is shown in the footwall. While in the fault-propagation fold， finite strains are concentrated in the trishear zone where magnetic fabric results are approximately consistent with the estimated consequences of the kinematic model. The tectonic stress field indicated by the magnetic fabrics is basically the same along the whole structural section and shows a NW to SE compression and shortening which is accordant with the regional compressive stress field of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt.     

Magnetic fabrics in fault-related fold and its relation with finite strain: an example from Mingjiang thrust structures in Western Sichuan

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a quick, effective and sensitive technique used to measure the weakly deformed sedimentary rocks, and also a reliable method to reveal the deforming mechanisms of fault-related folds. In Longmenshan front belt, a typical cross-section of fault-related folds is chosen to study the AMS. A total of 224 oriented specimens have been drilled at 23 different sampling sites which were distributed at the key structural positions of this structural section developed in the Xujiahe formation of the upper Triassic. Six elementary types of magnetic fabrics are recognized and established through this AMS study: Da sedimentary fabric; 2) an initial deformation fabric; 3) a pencil structure fabric; 4) a weak cleavage fabric; 5) a strong cleavage fabric; 6) a stretching lineation fabric. It has been found that most of magnetic fabrics are characterized by fabrics of weak deformation which belong to the pure-shear results of a pre-folding layer parallel shortening (LPS). In the fault-bend fold, almost all magnetic fabrics are the initial deformation fabrics of weak deformation, and denote that the deformation in the forelimb is stronger than that in the backlimb and no finite strain is shown in the footwall. While in the fault-propagation fold, finite strains are concentrated in the trishear zone where magnetic fabric results are approximately consistent with the estimated consequences of the kinematic model. The tectonic stress field indicated by the magnetic fabrics is basically the same along the whole structural section and shows a NW to SE compression and shortening which is accordant with the regional compressive stress field of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt.     

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界不同沉积环境煤系烃源岩分子地球化学特征及意义

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界煤系烃源岩主要在海陆过渡相和陆相沉积环境的控制下沉积而成。精选出五种沉积环境下形成的煤系烃源岩样品,深入研究其分子地球化学特征。研究表明,泛滥平原形成的烃源岩以高氧芴、高姥鲛烷、高C29规则甾烷、高C19三环萜烷和高C24四环萜烷为主要特征;河控三角洲除氧芴含量稍低,具有和泛滥平原沉积环境相似的地化特征;潮坪和泻湖相的烃源岩中伽马蜡烷、植烷含量均较高,C26+三环萜烷丰度相对较高,三环萜烷绝对浓度大,规则甾烷以C27占优势,硫芴含量相对较丰富;潮控三角洲除Pr/Ph较高外,其余生物标志物特征与潮坪、泻湖环境下的烃源岩相似。     

潮滩剖面形态特征及演变

 总结了国内外对潮滩剖面形态和演变研究上取得的进展,以全球最典型、潮滩资源最丰富的江苏为研究对象,分析了潮滩观测量测方法、潮滩剖面形态及沉积过程,潮滩演变特征及其物质和动力响应等,并讨论了潮滩发育与演变的主要影响因素。     

三肇凹陷葡萄花油层地层发育模式

三肇凹陷葡萄花油层从北往南跨度大,地层厚度、沉积相类型变化较大,层序地层发育模式存在多种不同的认识,也给层序地层划分对比带来很大难度。针对地层发育模式存在的争议,应用高分辨率层序地层学、沉积学原理,对各种地层发育模式进行了详细论证,最终明确了楔形减薄的地层发育模式,建立准确的高分辨率层序地层格架。对于地层等时划分对比、沉积规律研究具有重要意义。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系测井沉积相研究

根据常规组合测井、地层倾角测井及成像测井资料的测井相序列特征以及利用神经网络岩相处理结果，对塔中地区志留系沉积相类型及有利沉积相带的空间展布和古水流方向进行了研究。结果表明．将该区潮坪沉积划分为潮下带砂坪、潮间带砂泥坪和潮道、潮上带泥坪4个微相，与其他取心井段（或未取心井段）告屑录井的对比符合率较高；该区志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组（下砂岩段）主要物源来自西北方向，次要物源来自东北方向。利用常规测井解释的岩性剖面、岩心刻度测井处理解释的沉积学倾角结果（沉积构造和古水流）和神经网络岩相处理解释成果，建立了塔中地区志留系关键井的测井沉积亚、微相解释模型。该模型为工区关键井垂向旋回叠置关系和沉积体系的空间展布特征研究提供了连续的、较准确的岩相剖面，对于海陆过渡相的层序划分对比和在塔里木盆地寻找隐蔽油气藏亦有一定的借鉴作用。