竖向力与扭矩共同作用下单桩承载特性试验

为研究竖向力(V)和扭矩(T)共同作用下单桩的承载特性及内力分布规律,通过自主设计的试验装置,进行了一系列的竖向力和扭矩组合加载试验.为方便推广应用,对试验结果进行拟合,得到了竖向力和扭矩共同作用下单桩承载力计算公式.研究表明:在V-T组合荷载的作用下,单桩的承载力较单一荷载作用下降低,且当先施加的荷载(V或T)大于其极限值的1/3时V-T组合效应更加明显;V→T加载路径下的桩身扭矩和T→V加载路径下的桩身轴力,均随着桩深的增加而减小,且减小的速度加快;V→T加载路径下的桩身轴力和T→V加载路径下的桩身扭矩,分别会随着T和V的增加而减小,但减小的幅度较小;V→T加载路径下的单桩承载力较T→V加载路径下要高,因此应尽量避免单桩预先受到扭矩作用,防止因形成T→V加载模式而造成单桩的极限承载力的降低.     

非均质地基中V-T联合受荷桩承载力分析

为研究非均质地基中单桩基础在桩顶竖向力(V)和扭矩(T)联合作用下的承载特性,假定桩侧地基土剪切模量和极限侧摩阻力沿深度呈指数函数非线性增加,并考虑桩-土接触面上位移的非协调性,根据剪切位移法和桩身荷载传递函数建立桩身位移控制方程,引入相应的力和位移边界条件,导出桩周土体处于理想弹性和塑性受力状态时的桩身内力位移解答,由此求得不同桩顶载荷工况(不同V-T组合与加载顺序)下的桩身承载力及其包络线。在此基础上,进一步采用ABAQUS对V-T联合受荷桩进行数值模拟对比分析,获得不同工况下的桩身破坏机理、影响桩身承载力的关键因素及其规律。研究结果表明:桩身承载力随桩身长径比L/D的增大而增大,但随桩土刚度比λ的增大而逐渐减小;桩顶可承受的竖向力V(扭矩T)随扭矩T(竖向力V)增加不断减小而趋于零。     

上砂下黏地基中竖向力-扭矩联合受荷单桩承载特性

为探讨上砂下黏地基中桩顶竖向力（N）与扭矩（T）联合作用下单桩基础的承载特性,基于室内模型试验,获得一系列 N-T联合作用时的桩顶荷载-位移曲线及桩身内力分布,并经无量纲化处理与曲线拟合,得到 N-T联合受荷单桩的承载力包络线及其简化计算公式;在此基础上,进一步采用ABAQUS对N-T联合受荷单桩进行数值模拟,获得桩身弹性模量Ep、长径比 L/D 及相对砂土层厚度 lu/L对桩身承载特性的影响规律 . 结果表明：相比于单一受荷, N-T联合作用会导致桩身竖向和扭转承载力明显降低,且施加N（或T）会引起桩身扭转角（或沉降）增大 . 通过数值分析还发现桩身变形主要发生在 0~0.6L范围;增大 L/D 和 lu/L可明显提高桩身承载力,而增大 Ep对提高桩身承载力的作用较小,故建议提高桩身承载力的优选措施是适当增加桩长或砂土层厚度;另外,上下土层分界面处会发生明显的应力突变.     

成层地基中单桩受扭弹塑性分析

为了探讨成层地基中单桩的受扭性状,基于桩侧土双折线模型,以塑性区开展深度为变量,推导了桩侧土分别处于弹性和塑性状态时桩顶的扭矩-扭转角曲线和桩身扭矩、扭转角分布曲线的递推计算方法,并编制出相应的计算程序,由此对比分析了单层与双层地基中桩身的受扭性能.最后,结合工程算例进行了应用,并完成了参数分析.结果表明:考虑桩侧土分别处于弹性和塑性状态所得结果更符合工程实际;桩顶扭矩T一定时,桩顶扭转角φ随桩身材料剪切模量Gp和半径r0的增加而减小;r0对T-φ曲线影响显著,同等条件下r0提高一倍,桩顶抗扭承载力提高4~6倍;可对桩周上部土层进行处理来提高桩身抗扭性能,其有效处理厚度为桩长的0.2倍.     

基于STM32的煤矿井下传感器软件安全升级系统

为了探讨纵截面异形桩的受扭性状,考虑桩身纵向变截面特性,将桩-土体系沿深度方向划分为有限个微元段,建立均质地基中纵截面异形桩受扭弹塑性分析理论模型;基于传统圆形桩桩顶T-φ曲线与桩身扭矩、转角关系曲线,推导获得纵截面异形桩的桩身扭矩和扭转角近似解答,并基于MATLAB编制了相应的计算程序.继而,初步探讨了纵截面异形桩与等截面圆形桩受扭性能的异同点,并开展楔形桩受扭性能影响因素分析.研究结果表明:上端桩身直径对抗扭承载性能影响显著;等体积混凝土用量下,纵截面异形桩的抗扭性能相对优于等截面圆形桩,且楔形桩抗扭性能最优;相同桩顶扭矩荷载下,楔形桩抗扭承载力随桩身剪切模量、桩径、楔角的增加而增大,桩径提高1倍,桩顶抗扭承载力提高3～5倍.     

湛江组结构性黏土中单桩水平承载性状试验研究

选取材质和桩径相同、桩长不同的3组模型桩,采用单向多循环加载法,在湛江组结构性黏土中进行单桩水平静载现场试验。通过对试验数据的处理,得到桩顶的水平荷载-时间-水平位移(H0-t-Y0)曲线、水平临界荷载Hcr、水平极限承载力Hu以及单桩的桩身弯矩、桩身剪力、桩侧土抗力沿桩入土深度的变化情况。分析结果表明,在水平荷载作用下,湛江组结构性黏土中具有相同材质、相同桩径的单桩,其水平临界荷载Hcr和极限承载力Hu与入土桩长呈正相关关系;桩身弯矩、剪力和桩侧土抗力的最大值均随着入土桩长的增加而增大;桩身弯矩和桩身剪力主要集中在桩身上部,最容易发生剪切破坏的部位在桩顶处;湛江组结构性黏土中单桩的桩侧土抗力沿入土深度呈不完整的S形分布,且其最大值出现在地平面附近。     

Pasternak地基中H(t)-V受荷桩水平响应有限杆单元法分析

为探讨桩顶水平动荷载H（t）与竖向荷载V联合作用下桩基的水平响应,基于 Pasternak地基和Euler梁理论,建立了桩-土相互作用水平振动分析模型,采用改进的有限杆单元方法求解考虑P-Δ效应、土体剪切效应影响的综合刚度矩阵方程,结合桩土连续边界条件得到桩身内力与位移解答.通过与已有解析解、有限元解和模型试验的结果比较,验证了计算方法的合理性.最后,对影响桩身内力与位移的主要因素进行分析.结果表明：1）传统Winkler地基相较于Pasternak地基模型,忽略了地基土体的剪切效应,将夸大桩体结构的实际受力,使得计算得到的桩身水平位移和弯矩均大于Pasternak地基所得结果,且随着桩土弹模比Ep/Es的降低,两种地基模型计算的桩身最大水平位移和弯矩的差异性呈现出增强趋势;2） 随着桩顶竖向荷载的增加,桩身水平位移和弯矩受P-Δ效应的影响显著.当桩顶竖向荷载特征参数λ由0增至2时,桩身最大水平位移和弯矩分别提高40.85%和78.57%;3） 相较无限长桩（L>20dp）,有限长桩的水平位移和弯矩的动力响应受桩身长径比L/dp影响更大;桩身最大水平位移和弯矩随着水平简谐荷载幅值H0的增加而增大,随着无量纲频率a0的增大而减小.     

膨胀土浸水过程中水平受荷单桩p-y曲线研究

为了建立膨胀土地基浸水过程中不同含水率的水平受荷单桩p-y曲线,首先开展膨胀土浸水前和浸水饱和2种工况下的水平受荷单桩模型试验,分析桩身弯矩变化规律;然后基于温度场等效湿度场理论,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对模型试验进行模拟,通过无荷载膨胀率试验和模型试验验证有限元计算模型的准确性.在此基础上,建立浸水过程中其他5种不同含水率工况的计算模型,对有限元计算结果进行了处理分析.研究得到以下结论：(1)同级荷载作用下,膨胀土浸水饱和后的桩身弯矩值比浸水前的值偏大,当荷载等级增大时,膨胀土浸水前后桩身弯矩的差值也会随之增大,此时桩身弯矩零点位置也明显下移;(2)得到了水平受荷单桩在7种不同含水率工况下的有限元计算p-y曲线族;(3)确定了膨胀土地基浸水过程中水平受荷单桩的理论p-y曲线函数表达式,并通过模型试验和有限元模拟验证了其合理性.     

考虑桩土接触面特性的水平受荷单桩数值分析

采用数值方法研究了桩土接触面特性对水平受荷桩受力特性的影响,并通过对工程实例的分析验证了计算方法的有效性.实例分析表明,设置接触面对于正确模拟桩土受力特性有较大影响.计算所得的桩身弯矩和位移曲线表明,水平受荷桩的入土深度有个临界值,桩身过长对提高水平承载力无明显作用.     

考虑m弱化效应的水平循环受荷桩分析

现行规范采用m法分析水平受荷桩的内力和变位时,将地基系数的比例系数m视为定值。承受水平循环荷载作用的桩,当桩周土体发生较大位移时,其m随桩在地面处位移增大和加载次数增加均呈减小趋势。基于现场原型试验结果,分别建立m随桩在地面处位移y0及循环加载次数T的幂函数关系式;考虑m的上述弱化效应,构建水平循环受荷桩桩身挠曲微分方程,编制其内力与变位有限差分求解程序,通过与现场试验对比分析,验证该计算方法能较好地适用于深厚软土地区在地面处水平位移大于4 mm的水平循环受荷桩的内力与变位计算。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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