北冰洋海域极昼期间海-冰-气间湍流通量交换特征

利用系留式气象塔探测系统观测到的北冰洋上空气温、湿度、气压、风向和风速等的廓线和梯度资料,使用平均廓线方法和经过大气层结订正交换系数的整体动力学输送公式,计算给出极昼期间该海域不同下垫面的粗糙度长度、动量通量M、曳力系数CDD、感热通量HSS、感热交换系数CHH、潜热通量HLL和潜热交换系数CEE等,其均值变化范围分别为(0.2～1.0)mm,(11.4～91.9)×10-3N/m2,(0.87～1.76)×10-3,-(4.2～12.5)W/m2,(0.84～1.37)×10-3,-6.6～23.6 W/m2和(0.85～1.40)×10-3.曳力系数大于潜热交换系数,而潜热交换系数又大于感热交换系数.此外,动量通量、感热通量和潜热通量与平均风速、平均位温差和平均比湿差有明显的相关关系.     

矿井湿润巷道壁面对流换热量简化算法研究

为了简化潜热交换量的计算方法,引入了体现传热与传湿之间联系的Lewis关系,并将常温下水蒸气汽化潜热和水蒸气分压力用温度的线性函数表示,经简化处理,得出了湿润壁面潜热交换系数与显热交换系数间及潜热交换量与显热交换量间的比例关系;利用此比例关系,将潜热交换量表示成了显热交换系数与温度的函数,大大简化了计算过程;根据此潜热交换量计算式,分析了湿润壁面潜热与显热交换的方向,得出湿润壁面总热交换量应为显热与潜热交换量的代数和的结论。     

基于局部观测数据的一维热传导方程系数与初值同时反演问题的数值计算

利用局部观测数据研究了一维热传导方程系数与初值同时反演问题。首先利用函数代换及热传导方程解的解析延拓性,证明了基于局部观测数据下系数与初值同时反演问题的唯一性;然后基于深度神经网络,构造了同时反演问题的反演算法;最后通过构造具有解析解和不具有解析解的数值算例,验证了反演算法的有效性。     

基于删失数据的变系数模型的小波估计

研究了删失数据下的变系数模型．由于数据删失,常用的统计方法不能直接应用于此模型．首先利用一种变换方法对响应变量观测值进行条件无偏修正;然后,正如完全数据一样,利用小波方法,给出了系数函数的小波估计．在关于系数函数光滑性的较弱的假设条件下建立了该估计的渐近正态性．     

蒙城台地磁观测数据质量分析

通过对蒙城台2015年全年的地磁观测数据DB、HB、ZB,利用回归分析方法分析基线值变化的原因,通过计算台站观测系统的温度系数、滑动系数以及年剩余均方差,通过3个指标的结果,给出观测系统受这3个因素影响的程度,把各种因素的影响区别开来,定量分析,为蒙城台地磁数据提供质量保障,同时,能够对台站基线值的合理选用提供帮助。     

基于时间序列疏系数模型的太阳辐射年际变化趋势预测

利用1961—2016年山东省济南市太阳年总辐射量观测数据,通过模型识别和统计检验,对比分析时间序列模型AR(5)和ARIMA((1,2,4),1,0)的拟合结果。残差检验结果表明,疏系数模型ARIMA ((1,2,4),1,0)可用于预测地表太阳年总辐射量,预测结果显示2017—2025年济南市地表太阳辐射的年际变化整体呈增长趋势。对比多元线性回归模型结果,时间序列疏系数模型误差较小,预测准确度相对较高。     

钢材孔后水冷过程中的热交换系数

本介绍了用实验方法研究钢材轧后水冷过程中的热交换系数（ａ）和影响热交换系数的主要因素。本所采用的研究方法也适用于其他热交换过程，如连铸的二次水冷和钢材的热处理。     

一种基于数据筛选的导热系数计算方法

导热系数测量过程中实验数据的准确性是导热系数计算的关键。实验数据不准确,直接影响导热系数的精度。现有的导热系数测量计算中对数据是否准确没有很好的评判准则或方法。鉴于此,本文提出了一种以斜率相对标准差为依据筛选数据的导热系数计算新方法。该方法以斜率相对标准差为准则判断并筛选实验数据,利用最小二乘法拟合筛选后的数据求解导热系数。将该方法应用于乙二醇标定溶液的导热系数计算中,同传统算法相比,新方法数据处理简单、计算导热系数精度提高明显、能够广泛地应用到导热系数测量实验中,测量结果明显优于传统算法。     

太湖湖-气界面动量和水热交换系数时间变化特征及其影响因素分析

利用2014年太湖平台山站的涡度相关和小气候观测资料,优化得到(最小均方差原则)10 m中性条件下的动量交换系数(C_(D10N))、感热交换系数(C_(H10N))和水汽交换系数(C_(E10N)),分析了其季节变化特征及其与10 m高度风速(u_(10)),浪高和大气稳定度的关系,并与其他湖泊研究结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,太湖交换系数呈现冬春高、夏秋低的季节变化特征。在u_(10)4 m/s时,交换系数随风速增加而迅速减小,在u_(10)=5~6 m/s时达到最小值后趋于稳定。受水深和风浪区限制,相同风速条件海洋参数化方案会低估太湖交换系数,低风速条件下低估更为明显。交换系数与浪高的关系类似于风速,但受水深限制,风浪发展受到制约,交换系数随浪高增加而趋于稳定。随着大气不稳定度增加,感热和水汽交换系数逐渐增大,大气不稳定或中性条件下的动量交换系数明显大于大气稳定时的结果。7个湖泊研究结果对比分析表明,湖泊形态特征对交换系数的影响较小,除Great Slave Lake外,6个内陆湖泊交换系数C_(D10N)、C_(H10N)和C_(E10N)的平均值分别为1.65×10~(-3)、1.24×10~(-3)、1.11×10~(-3)。     

嘉峪关台FHD观测数据噪声的影响因素及对策

从2001年架设FHD质子磁力仪器到现在,已经运行15年了,产出的观测数据质量良莠不齐,有时观测资料质量较好,有时观测质量较差。评价FHD观测数据质量无非是要考察观测数据的精度与连续率,数据噪声是观测数据相对精度的反映,噪声小的数据,相对观测精度就高,反之就低;观测数据的噪声除了与仪器本身的测量精度有关,还与许多因素有关。从观测环境、交流电磁干扰、仪器工作参数、信号线和接地方面来探讨影响嘉峪关台FHD观测数据噪声的因素及对策。     

富勒烯C_(60)接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐的制备与表征

以富勒烯C60和马来酸为原料合成得到一种新型富勒烯C60接枝马来酸聚合物,C60接枝马来酸聚合物再与硝酸铅反应得到C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐。通过单因素方法探讨了pH、反应物物料比、反应温度以及反应时间对C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐中铅含量的影响,获得其最佳合成工艺条件为:pH=6.92,C60接枝马来酸聚合物和硝酸铅的摩尔比为1∶7,反应时间2 h,反应温度30℃,该条件所得C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐中铅质量分数为56.09%。同时采用FT-IR、UV、GPC、AAS、XRD及XPS等测试手段对产物结构进行了表征。采用差热和热重分析法对C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐的热稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,在空气气氛下,DTA分解峰值温度为275、370、462℃,失重率为43.6%,表明产物热稳定性良好。     

Degradation of a fullerene end-capped polycaprolactone by lipase AK

Using titrimetric method, enzymatic behavior of lipase AK against fullerene end-capped polycaprolactone (C₆₀-PCL) was studied for the first time, compared with polycaprolactone (PCL). The results showed that degradation of both C₆₀-PCL and PCL by lipase followed Mechaelis-Menten equation, with the degradation parameters of PCL and C₆₀-PCL were 0.75 mg mL^–1 and 0.16 mg mL^–1 for Km, and 0.90 mL h^–1 and 0.43 mL h^–1 for Vmax, respectively. C₆₀-PCL had a slower degradation rate than PCL under the same conditions. These data indicated that the introduction of fullerene enabled PCL hard to be degraded by lipase.     

Πk(R2)空间插值适定结点组的构造

主要研究了Π_k(R²)空间中的Lagrange插值问题,给出了构造 Π_k(R²)空间Lagrange插值适定结点组的方法,所得结论推广了Ward Cheney和Will Light等人在2004年《逼近论教程》中给出的构造Π_k(R²)空间Lagrange插值适定结点组的方法,从而得到更一般的结论.     

Calculation method of electronic structure and its application to (I h andI) fullerenes

A new calculation method was discussed to treat the Hückel Hamiltonian of any fullerene with a certain point group symmetry. This method was applied to calculating the electronic energy levels of icosahedral fullerenes C\-n(I\-h: n=60h 2, 0相似文献   

Fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane from swamp and impact factors in Sanjiang Plain,China

Incomplete decomposition of organic matter results in the accumulation of the carbon and other nutriments in wetlands. The wetland ecosystem gains a large amount of carbon from atmosphere CO2 by photosynthesis, and it loses much of which back into the atmosphere as CO2 and CH4 emission through the decomposition and respiration. Climate change, such as global warming and reduction of precipitation could drive the wetlands from carbon sink to source[1,2]. Wetland plays an important role in car…     

L-子坡代数范畴及其性质

研究L-子坡代数范畴L-SInc的性质,首先给出了L-子坡代数范畴的定义,证明了其为坡代数范畴上的拓扑范畴,给出了其中等子和乘积的构造,证明了它有拉回.其次,定义了坡代数L-余塔的概念,以及由所有坡代数L-余塔构成的范畴IncCL,证明了在一定条件下,范畴L-SInc与范畴IncCL同构.     

Relationship between climatic conditions and the relative abundance of modern C3 and C4 plants in three regions around the North Pacific

Using −24‰ and −14‰ as the endpoints of stable carbon isotopic composition of total organic carbon (δ¹³C_TOC) of surface soil under pure C₃ and C₄ vegetation, and surface soil δ¹³C_TOC data from eastern China, Australia and the Great Plains of North Amer- ica, we estimate the relative abundance of C₃/C₄ plants (i.e., the ratio of C₃ or C₄ biomass to local primary production) in modern vegetation for each region. The relative abundance of modern C₃/C₄ vegetation from each region is compared to the corresponding climatic parameters (mean annual temperature and precipitation) to explore the relationship between relative C₄ abundance and climate. The results indicate that temperature controls the growth of C₄ plants. However, even where temperature is high enough for the growth of C₄ plants, they will only dominate the landscape when precipitation declines as temperatures increase. Our results are consistent with those of other investigations of the geographic distribution of modern C₄ plant species. Therefore, our results provide an important reference for interpretation of past C₃/C₄ relative abundance records in these three regions.     

加权Hardy空间上复合算子的伴随算子的循环性质

讨论加权Hardy空间上复合算子的伴随算子的循环性质,给出cv(Cφ*)在H2(β)中稠密的2个充分条件及Cφ*在H2(β)中循环的1个充分条件.     

Measurement of ethylene and methane production in a temperate forest soil using inhibition of acetylene and carbon monoxide

We studied in the laboratory the effects of acetylene （C2H2） concentrations on the accumulation and consumption of ethylene and methane in a temperate pine forest soil, and in situ ethylene and methane production and flush effects of nitrogen sources on both productions in the pine forest stand （Pinus sylvestris L.）. The addition of C2H2 at concentrations more than 50 Pa C2H2 in the headspace caused a more than 95% reduction in rates of ethylene and methane consumption in forest soil compared to those with no C2H2. Furthermore, addition of acetylene within a range of 50 to 10, 000 Pa C2H2 induced a similar rate of methane accumulation in forest soil. Hence, it can be concluded that presence of more than 50 Pa C2H2 in the headspace is an effective method to measure methane production in forest soil. The addition of C2H2 at concentrations more than 50 Pa C2H2 induced an increasing concentration of ethylene in the headspace （P≤0.05）, indicating the reduction of acetylene to ethylene in forest soil. Using inhibition of 0.5 kPa C2H2 in combination with 5 kPa carbon monoxide that inhibits the reduction of acetylene in a short term, it was observed that there was a larger in situ methane production rate （218±26 μg C m^-2 h^-1（μg C per square meter per hour, the same below）） than in situ ethylene production rate （92±6 μg C m^-2 h^-1） in the pine forest soil. The addition of nitrogen sources such as urea, urea plus a nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide, and potassium nitrate, could induce a 5-fold greater increase in rates of in situ ethylene and methane production compared to those in the control, particularly in the latter （P≤0.05）. The results can promote in situ measurement of ethylene and methane production in forest soils at different sites.     

Diurnal and monthly variations of carbon dioxide flux in an alpine shrub on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Long-term flux observation is an efficient approachto collect CO2 emission or assimilation data in an ecosys-tem. In cooperation with a series of international coopera-tion programs including those sponsored by IGBP (Inter-national Geosphere-Biosphere Program), WCRP (WorldClimate Research Program), IHDP (International HumanDimension of Global Environment Change), GCTE(Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem) and LUCC(Land Use and Land Cover Change), a lot of researchwork conce…