生物能量学理论及其虾蟹类的研究进展

生物能量学是研究能量在生物体内转换的科学.本文重点介绍动物个体水平上的能量转换的基本理论和方法.能量收支方程为:C=G R U F,其中,R=SDA RS RA;虾蟹类能量收支方程为:C=G R U F E.研究上式各组分与环境因子和内源因子的关系,及各组分间的定量关系是生物能量学的主要内容.本文还介绍了虾蟹类生物能量学研究一些新进展,如各种生态因子对虾蟹类能量收支的影响、SDA与营养因子关系的研究和虾蟹类响应环境突变的能量学机制的研究等.最后,对生物能量学在种群营养动力学研究方面的应用、种群水平的生物能量学研究和生物能量学在水产养殖以及在育种方面的应用等方面作了展望.     

鱼类活动代谢的研究进展

鱼类生物能量学主要研究鱼类个体或种群内能量收支各组分间的定量模式及其与生态因子之间的关系.Warren&Davis(1967)提出了鱼类生物能量学的基本方程: C=G+F+U+Ms+SDA+Ma M=Ms+SDA+Ma 式中C指摄入食物能;G指鱼体生长能;F和U分别指粪便和排泄物损失能;Ms指标准代谢;SDA指营养物质在体内消化和转化的耗能;Ma指活动代谢;M指日总代谢. 活动代谢(activity metabolism)是指鱼类自发游泳活动的能量支出,它是能量收支基本方程中变异     

饥饿和摄食状态下大黄鱼幼鱼的能量收支

在25±1℃的室温下,测定了在不同摄食水平(1.2%,2.5%m/m)下大黄鱼幼鱼SDA的三个主要参数:SDA总耗能分别为263.4 J/g和467.7 J/g;SDA持续时间分别为8 h和14 h;峰值分别为2.85 mgO2/g.h和3.23 mgO2/g.h.得到了在饱食状态下的能量收支方程:100C=64.5R+20.7G+10.6F+4.2U.饥饿状态下大黄鱼幼鱼排泄能与温度成线性关系,代谢能与温度之间为二次函数关系.同时对饱食状态和饥饿状态下的能量收支进行了比较.     

饥饿状态下大黄鱼幼鱼能量收支的研究

研究了饥饿状态下黄鱼幼鱼的能量收支。结果表明，其排汇能及代谢能与体质量均成指数关系，排泄能与温度正相关，代谢能与温度之间为二次函数关系，体质量以饥饿状态下的能量分配模式没有显著影响，其平均能量收支方程为：30．23U＋69．77R－100G＝0，能量分配模式随温度的变化而呈显著的变化。     

饥饿与补偿生长对军曹鱼幼鱼能量收支的影响

采用室内生态实验法研究了军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）幼鱼（初始体重(17.43±0.85) g分别饥饿0（对照组）,2,4,6,8 d后的补偿生长规律,探讨军曹鱼幼鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制.结果表明：随着饥饿时间的延长,幼鱼的能量及体重损失率显著升高;恢复生长过程中,饥饿处理组幼鱼的平均日摄食率（能量指标）均高于对照组,其中以饥饿8 d组幼鱼的平均日摄食率最高（17.20%）;幼鱼在恢复生长过程中的能量、湿重及干重特定生长率均随着饥饿时间的延长而呈上升趋势;军曹鱼幼鱼在饥饿后的恢复生长过程中通过提高摄食率来实现其完全补偿生长能力;军曹鱼幼鱼在饱食条件下的能量收支方程为100.00C = 38.33G + 15.06F + 7.22U + 39.39R,同化能分配式为100.00A = 49.32G + 50.68R.     

温度和体重对养殖大黄鱼能量收支的影响

主要分4个温度级、5个体重级研究了温度和体重对养殖大黄鱼能量收支的影响。结果表明,大黄鱼的代谢能(R)及排泄能(U)与温度成指数关系,关系式分别为R=107e0.0288T,U=38.6e0.0171(T15℃≤T≤30℃);大黄鱼代谢能和排泄能与体重呈负相关的幂指数关系,关系式分别为R=228W-0.150,U=61.5W-0.199,均符合Y=aWb模式。温度和体重对代谢能(R)和排粪能(F)所占摄食能(C)比例均有显著差异(P<0.05),生长能(G)所占比例随着温度上升和体重增加而有所下降。     

九孔鲍摄食海带的能量收支研究

在室内水族箱投喂新鲜海带养殖九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor aquatiliis)．实验结果表明，个体耗氧率在夜晚高，白天低，最高是在17：30～2l：30．摄食能(C)中，只有少部分(2.60％)的能量用于软体部和壳的生长，而很大一部分能量(52．86％)是在代谢能(R)中，排泄能(U)、排粪能(F)、粘液(M)和壳能(Pah)分别占摄食能的9．69％、12．33％、6．61％和0.26％，鲍能量收支方程为：100％(C)=12．33％(F) 5286(R)％ 9．69％(U) 6．61％(M) 2.33％(Pg) 0．26％(Pah) 15．90％。     

Riccati方程的几个性质

论述了当Riccati方程U'=P(x)U2+Q(x)U+R(x)可化为某个可分离变量的微分方程z'=F(z2+bz+c)时,函数F=F(x)∈C1与Riccati方程的某个特解的关系.     

酮羰基紫外吸收能量与分子拓扑指数关系研究

研究了14种酮 R1 R2-C=O的C=O紫外吸收能量△E与分子拓扑指数^0T、^1T的关系,发现。^0T、^1T与这些化合物的紫外吸收能量△E有良好的相关性，线性回归方程为：△E=7．47＋0．0847^0T-0．0787^1T，相关系数R=0．9823。     

七圈对低阶轮的Ramsey数

给定两个图F和H,Ramsey数R（E,H）是指具有如下性质的最小正整数N：对任意的N阶图G,或者F是G的子图,或者H是G的补图的子图．令Gm表示m阶圈,Wn表示n＋1阶轮．本文证明了当8≤n≤10时,R（C7,Wn）=2n＋1．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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