3种海洋浮游微藻影响太平洋纺锤水蚤存活、发育和繁殖的比较研究

采用实验生态的方法,研究了3种海洋浮游微藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)存活、发育和繁殖的影响.实验以不同浓度的微藻投喂太平洋纺锤水蚤,测定了无节幼体发育到桡足幼体、桡足幼体发育到成体的时间和最终存活率,以及发育到成体后,在各浓度下,成体每天的产卵量和卵孵化率.结果表明:球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)适宜于作为太平洋纺锤水蚤生长、繁殖的饵料;摄食牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros mulleri)的太平洋纺锤水蚤可以完成无节幼体到成体的发育,但牟氏角毛藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤的生长、发育和繁殖具有一定的负面影响;牟氏角毛藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤产卵量和卵孵化的抑制作用更为显著,只有在低细胞碳质量浓度(0.35μg/mL)时,成体产卵量和卵的孵化才正常,当牟氏角毛藻细胞碳质量浓度达到1.70μg/mL或更高时,该桡足类的产卵量下降,且没有卵能孵化出幼体,表明牟氏角毛藻显著抑制了太平洋纺锤水蚤的繁殖过程.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON REPRODUCTION TRAITS OF THE ItlRUDINARIA MANILLENSIS

为确定菲牛蛭（Hirudinaria manillensis）体质量、年龄和应激刺激与菲牛蛭繁殖性能的关系,采用单因素方差分析在不同体质量、年龄、应激次数条件下,菲牛蛭的产卵和孵化情况.结果显示：不同体质量菲牛蛭亲本其繁殖能力有显著差异（P〈0.05）,体质量为10～〈15g亲本产茧数最多,卵茧孵化率和孵化数最高;不同年龄菲牛蛭亲本,其繁殖能力差异显著（P〈0.01）,实验中2～3龄亲本产茧数最多,卵茧孵化率和孵化数最高;适当的环境刺激对菲牛蛭的繁殖有促进作用,实验中1或2次操作刺激对菲牛蛭亲本产茧数、孵化率和孵化数均有明显的增加（P〈0.01）.建议在菲牛蛭人工繁殖过程中,选取10～〈15g体质量、2～3年龄亲本进行繁殖,同时在繁殖过程中可适当对亲本进行1或2次刺激.     

菲牛蛭繁殖性能的初步研究

为确定菲牛蛭(Hirudinaria manillensis)体质量、年龄和应激刺激与菲牛蛭繁殖性能的关系,采用单因素方差分析在不同体质量、年龄、应激次数条件下,菲牛蛭的产卵和孵化情况.结果显示:不同体质量菲牛蛭亲本其繁殖能力有显著差异(P0.05),体质量为10～15g亲本产茧数最多,卵茧孵化率和孵化数最高;不同年龄菲牛蛭亲本,其繁殖能力差异显著(P0.01),实验中2～3龄亲本产茧数最多,卵茧孵化率和孵化数最高;适当的环境刺激对菲牛蛭的繁殖有促进作用,实验中1或2次操作刺激对菲牛蛭亲本产茧数、孵化率和孵化数均有明显的增加(P0.01).建议在菲牛蛭人工繁殖过程中,选取10～15g体质量、2～3年龄亲本进行繁殖,同时在繁殖过程中可适当对亲本进行1或2次刺激.     

日本七鳃鳗生活史标本的制作

七鳃鳗系圆口纲无颌类脊椎动物,是脊椎动物中古老的类群,在生物进化和发育中具有重要地位。日本七鳃鳗生活史标本制作以日本七鳃鳗卵、胚胎、卵黄囊期仔鳗、幼体、亚成体和成体为实验材料,采用浸制和剥制两种方式制作标本,经过选取—麻醉—测量—固定—剥皮—填充—缝合—整形等工艺流程,制作日本七鳃鳗卵、幼体、亚成体和成体标本,布置胚胎发育,幼鳗穴居滤食、亚成体寄生生活、性成熟个体的生殖洄游、筑巢、交配和产卵直至产后死亡的生活场景,并结合图片、文字,展示其不同发育阶段的形态特征和生态习性,生动、完整地展现了七鳃鳗的生活史,对七鳃鳗的教学、科研和科普具有重要意义。     

实验室条件下长角血蜱的生物学特性

为确定实验室条件下长角血蜱的生物学特性,以幼蜱、若蜱、雌性成蜱、雄性成蜱各1只为1组,共30组,分别接种到15只兔的耳朵上,每只兔耳上接种1组,待其饱血脱落后收集并分装于试管中,观察并记录各发育期的时间、吸血前后的体重变化、雌蜱产卵规律、孵化时间等项指标.结果表明:幼蜱、若蜱、雌蜱、雄蜱吸血后比吸血前体重平均增加15....     

圆尾肖蛸的生物学和它对害虫的控制作用

圆尾肖蛸Tetrognatha vermiformis(Okuma)在武汉一年可发生四代,以低龄幼蛛在杂草丛中越冬.雌蛛一生最多可产6个卵袋,单雌平均产卵量154粒,最多可产466粒,卵的平均孵化率在85%以上.食物影响产卵量、幼蛛发育历期和存活率.温度对幼蛛蜕皮次数、成蛛产卵量、孵化率和寿命均有较大影响.幼蛛和成蛛能捕食蚊子、棉田和稻田的多种害虫.     

驯养条件下黄缘盒龟的产卵特点与孵化积温研究

人工驯养条件下,黄缘盒龟5月中下旬进入产卵期,6月中旬为产卵旺期,产卵期为46～54d,产卵时间集中在傍晚18:00～21:00.年产卵1次,年均产卵量2.5～2.6枚,卵的受精率为64.0%～64.6%.受精卵在常温与控温条件下的平均孵化期分别为76.7d、75.8d,孵化积温分别为47491.2～57741.1℃.h、45460.8～56088.0℃.h,最短孵化期为66d,最长孵化期为82d;常温孵化比控温孵化的平均孵化积温高1803.8℃.h,孵化率降低7.6%.     

厦门港中华哲水蚤产卵量的初步研究

在实验室条件下研究了厦门港中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus Brodsky)雌性成体的产卵量。结果如下:哲水蚤产卵量有显著的季节变化。每雌体平均产卵量和产卵个体百分数有三次高峰,分别出现在12—1月,3—4月和5月中旬;环境中铒料数量多寡、温度高低对哲水蚤的产卵量有显著影响。哲水蚤产卵的适宜铒料密度范围为2—8×10~4细胞/毫升(中肋骨条藻,三角褐指藻和盐藻的密度混合饵料);适宜水温范围应为10—20℃。     

年龄和怀卵对鳄蜥选择体温及静止代谢率的影响

2008年8～9月在广东罗坑自然保护区,对大竹园管护站和鳄蜥研究中心的部分人工饲养鳄蜥Shinisaurus crocodilurus进行选择体温和静止代谢率的测定,实验鳄蜥共分为一龄幼蜥组、二龄幼蜥组、三龄亚成体蜥组、成年雄蜥组、非怀孕成年雌蜥组和怀孕雌蜥组6组.结果表明:怀孕雌蜥、一龄幼蜥和二龄幼蜥的选择体温和静止代谢率均显著高于三龄亚成体蜥、成年雄蜥和非怀孕成年雌蜥,而三龄亚成体蜥、成年雄蜥和非怀孕成年雌蜥间的选择体温和静止代谢差异不显著.从选择体温和静止代谢率的年龄差异推测幼蜥发育成熟的时间跨度约为3年.建议在饲养怀卵雌体及幼体鳄蜥时,应注意保持适宜的热环境.     

山瑞鳖产卵与孵化研究

１９９７年对山瑞鳖的产卵和孵化进行了研究,结果表明：人工养殖的山瑞鳖产卵期为每年的５～８月份,６～７月份为产卵高峰期。产卵次数１年１次,每窝产卵数量２～２８只不等,最多出现为１１只／窝,平均１１．０２只／窝,全年卵受精率６４．７７％,山瑞鳖卵平均重９．５８ｇ,受精卵在产山８～２０ｄ;恒温孵化时,随孵化温度的上升,卵化所需时间减少,积温减少,但在３３℃时,胚胎在发育早期死亡,无鳖孵出,孵化温度为２８     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~