准动态模型的直冷式冰箱系统仿真

在分析了冰箱冷凝器、蒸发器的瞬态过程对系统动态过程影响较小后，对冰箱冷凝器、蒸发器采用了稳态模型，建立了冰箱仿真的准动态模型．通过动态模型及实验数据的比较发现，冰箱仿真采用准动态模型同样能与实验数据吻合得很好．运行中发现，准动态模型不仅提高了仿真程序运行的稳定性，而且程序运行的速度提高了25％左右．     

叶根前缘VG对微型轴流风扇性能的影响

为降低微型轴流风扇叶根端壁区域二次流所引起的损失,根据涡流发生器的流动控制思想,提出一种在叶根前缘压力面侧设置微型直板的新型流动控制方法;以某微型轴流风扇为研究对象,采用数值模拟结合实验的方法,重点分析了不同安装角的涡流发生器对轴流风扇气动性能及内部流场的影响;研究结果表明：涡流发生器存在提高风扇静压与静压效率的最佳几何安装角,涡流发生器会对叶轮内部流场产生影响,由涡流发生器所形成的诱导涡与压力侧马蹄涡分支进行掺混,会削弱马蹄涡的强度,在一定程度上抑制了由马蹄涡参与演变成的通道涡的发展,使叶轮流道中流体进行再分配;在宏观方面,结构匹配的涡流发生器可提高风扇的气动性能,当涡流发生器安装角度为15°时,在风扇高效运行区间内同原型风扇相比,安装涡流发生器的风扇其静压最多提高8%,静压效率最大可提升2.4%。对于大轮毂比微型轴流风扇,由通道涡所引起的二次流损失不容忽视,同时在对叶轮进行设计优化时应重视叶根端壁处的结构设计。     

非均布轴流风扇叶片力特性及其尖峰噪声特性预测

采用数值模拟方法对汽车用冷却风扇的均布和非均布叶片分布的模型进行了研究.通过对叶片采用片条化处理,分析了叶片力与非均布角度之间的关系,建立了叶片力与叶片相位角之间的叶片力模型.基于非均布风扇叶片力的特性,通过Lowson点力发声模型提出了非均布风扇的噪声预测方法,并建立了基于风扇叶片力模型的低速轴流非均布风扇尖峰噪声预测模型.通过与基于计算流体力学(CFD)的Lowson模型预测结果、实验数据以及其他非均布叶片噪声预测模型的对比,验证了该预测模型的有效性.     

冰箱中空气流场和温度场的有限元模拟

使用有限元程序ＦＩＤＡＰ７．６,在Ｋａｒｌｓｒｕｈｅ大学的ＩＢＭ／６０００ＳＰ并行计算机上,对冰箱内部的二维稳态空气流场进行了模拟,研究了热负荷、冰箱内部搁板与蒸发器及门之间的间距、内部搁板的导热系数对箱内温度分布与流场的影响．实验结果表明,二维稳态模型能够反映不同参数对冰箱内部温度场与流场的影响．     

直喷式柴油机缸内涡流、挤流和湍流的数值研究

用二维数值分析方法研究直喷式柴油机燃烧室内气流运动的规律，着重研究压缩 行程期间缸内涡流、挤流和湍流的演变规律及三者之间的相互作用。计算基于任意拉 格朗日－欧拉法．采用ｋ－ε双方程湍流模型。对两个典型燃烧室的计算表明：无涡流 时，接近上死点时缸内流场主要受挤流控制；随着挤压面积的增大，挤流．涡流和湍 流都同时增强；涡流会使流场大大复杂化，而且随涡流的强弱不同，燃烧室内形成不 同的流动图案；初始涡流是缸内湍流生成的重要因素，挤流对此也有一定贡献。     

体积拉伸流场中的纤维取向

运用粘弹性流动分析软件ANSYS POLYFLOW对基于体积拉伸流动成型的叶片挤出机中一个叶片单元的流场进行数值模拟,并将速度梯度张量代入纤维取向分布函数,计算叶片单元中纤维在不同方向的取向概率,分布函数最大值对应的方向为纤维取向方向,然后使用数学软件Matlab对周向不同剖面上的纤维取向分布进行可视化显示,发现:在叶片单元入口处纤维主要沿轴向(即挤出方向)取向,在远离叶片单元入口处纤维主要沿与周向和轴向呈一定夹角的方向取向,结合分散指数分布云图发现拉伸流场比剪切流场更有利于纤维的取向.文中还通过实验对数值模拟结果进行了验证,实验结果和数值模拟结果一致.     

轴流风扇转子叶片优化设计

针对一通用型轴流风扇的转子叶片,以三维粘性流场的数值计算程序为平台,利用人工神经网络BP算法和遗传算法,通过叶片弯掠技术对叶片的周向弯曲角度进行寻优,以使风扇的性能进一步提高.通过对比优化前、后的叶轮发现,优化之后的叶片形成明显的沿周向顺叶轮旋转方向弯曲.试验结果表明,其全压效率提高了1.27%,全压升提高了3.56%,上、下端部的流动损失进一步降低.     

间冷式冰箱冷冻室粒子图像速度场测量和数值模拟

将BCD-190W型间冷式冰箱冷冻室作为研究对象,采用模型实验的方法并应用粒子图像速度场仪系统对冰箱冷冻室内的流场进行了实验研究.以相似理论为指导建立了间冷式冰箱冷冻室物理模型,采用块结构化网格对计算区域进行了网格划分.选择风扇出口平面作为计算区域入口边界,应用RNG κ-ε模型建立了冷冻室内空气流动的三维紊流数学模型,用SIMPLEC算法对模型进行了求解.数值模拟和实验结果吻合良好,证明所建立的模型是正确的.实验和模拟结果均表明:顶层间室送风射流有利于阻隔环境传入的热量;中间层左右对称的送风口中心流速的差别约为28%,将造成间室内温度分布严重不均匀;底层送风口存在明显的射流短路现象.     

离心通风机内部流场数值模拟

为降低离心通风机的能耗,在不同体积流量参数条件下应用Fluent软件对WDLH-450型离心通风机内部流场进行了数值模拟,得到风机效率、总压力和叶轮功率等数据.结果表明,总压力和效率等性能参数的模拟结果与实验测量数值非常吻合,验证了数值模拟的正确性.由于风机叶片为不规则几何体,使得风机在工作时内部流场非常复杂,叶片旋转时会产生不规则的气流,形成蜗壳区域气体的二次流动和叶轮前盘区域的涡流,造成叶轮和蜗壳区域流动能量的损失.同时,各叶轮流道的流场由于气流流动分布的不均匀性而存在压力不对称的现象.     

微型燃机向心透平叶轮顶部间隙流动的数值模拟

对自行研制的100kW微型燃气轮机向心透平叶轮，在级环境设计工况下的顶部间隙流动进行了全三维黏性数值模拟研究，其动静间隙信息传递采用混合平面方法，湍流模型采用Spalart—Allmaras模型．结果表明：向心透平叶轮顶部间隙流场在轮壳相对运动速度很高的情况下，其影响因素除了所熟知的叶轮叶片顶部间隙两侧压差以及已得到试验验证的轮壳相对运动外，还有另一个重要因素是叶轮叶片表面次流，其存在使得叶轮顶部间隙流场更加复杂；叶轮进口较大的负冲角是该向心透平叶轮叶片表面较强次流形成的主要原因，在研究向心透平叶轮顶部间隙流场时不应忽略．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~