三角梅SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立及引物筛选

利用L9(34)正交试验设计,对影响PCR反应的TaqDNA聚合酶量、dNTP浓度、Mg2+浓度和引物浓度4个因素以及模板DNA浓度进行了三角梅SRAP-PCR扩增反应条件优化研究,并对引物进行了全面筛选.三角梅SRAP-PCR优化反应体系结果为:2.5μL 10×PCR buffer、60ng模板DNA、TaqDNA聚合酶1.0U、dNTP 0.25mmol/L、Mg2+2.5mmol/L、引物0.3μmol/L,总体积25μL.运用该结果从208对引物组合中共筛选出扩增条带清晰,多态性丰富的SRAP引物27对.优化体系的建立及其引物的筛选为今后利用SRAP标记技术进行三角梅遗传分析、图谱构建、基因定位与种质资源鉴定奠定了技术基础.     

沙棘属植物RAPD-PCR反应条件的优化

采用L16(45)正交试验设计研究了沙棘属植物RAPDPCR反应中DNA模板浓度、引物浓度、dNTPs浓度、Mg2 浓度和Taq酶含量等5个因素对于PCR扩增效果的影响,并对照温度梯度探讨了退火温度等热循环参数,确定适合沙棘属植物的最佳扩增体系为:模板DNA1.0mg·L-1,引物3.0μmol·L-1,dNTPs0.1mmol·L-1,Mg2 2.5mmol·L-1,Taq聚合酶8.33～16.67nkat;扩增程序中最适退火温度为35～36℃.     

长蛸ISSR-PCR优化反应体系的建立及优化研究

以长蛸DNA为模板,利用单因子试验分别对影响长蛸ISSR-PCR反应的DNA浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶、Mg2+、dNTPs和引物的浓度进行了优化,并通过梯度PCR确定最适退火温度,最终确定长蛸最佳反应体系和PCR扩增程序为:25μL体系,其中包括Taq DNA聚合酶1.5 U,Mg2+2 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.15 mmol/L,引物0.4μmol/L,DNA模板量约50 ng确立退火温度为52℃。利用所建立的ISSR-PCR反应体系,通过对24份野生长蛸样本的检验,获得了清晰、重复性好、多态性高的条带,研究结果对于把ISSR标记技术引入研究长蛸不同地理群体遗传多样性和遗传结构具有重要意义。     

仁用杏SRAP-PCR体系的正交设计优化

改良CTAB法提取仁用杏基因组DNA,用于建立SRAP-PCR体系。采用L16（44）正交设计试验,对影响仁用杏SRAP-PCR反应体系的4因素（dNTPs浓度、Mg^2＋浓度、引物浓度、Taq聚合酶量）4水平进行筛选,PCR结果经统计软件SPSS V13.0分析,并对退火温度进行了摸索,确立了仁用杏SRAP-PCR的优化体系：总体积为20 L,dNTPs浓度为0.2 mmol/L,Mg^2＋浓度为2.5mmol/L,引物浓度为0.9μmol/L,Taq聚合酶量为1.5 U,退火温度为52℃。本优化体系为仁用杏资源遗传分析奠定了技术基础。     

太行菊SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

相关序列扩增多态性（SRAP）是一种新发展起来的分子标记技术,在太行菊中还未见相关的报道。为建立优化适合太行菊SRAP分析的扩增体系,以太行菊DNA为模板,对影响SRAP-PCR反应体系的5个重要参数设置梯度进行单因素实验分析,以确定最佳的反应条件。经过大量的重复性实验确定了适合太行菊SRPA-PCR反应体系：20μL的反应体系中,模板DNA量50ng,1.25mmol/L的Mg2＋浓度,0.5μmol/L的上下游引物,0.2mmol/L的dNTPs以及Taq酶1U。该体系在太行菊个体中均能扩增出清晰稳定的条带,为后续的太行菊遗传多样性分析奠定了基础。     

铁皮石斛野生居群研究(Ⅳ):RAPD反应体系的构建与优化

为获得铁皮石斛RAPD的最佳反应体系,本文对影响RAPD反应的模板含量、Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度、Taq酶浓度、扩增程序及退火温度等多种因子进行了构建与优化.通过各因子的组合研究,我们得到铁皮石斛RAPD反应最适扩增体系是:25μLPCR反应体积,10×Buffer 2.5μL,2.5 mmol/L MgC l2,dNTP 2.5μL(各2.5mmol/L),模板DNA为30 ng,Taq聚合酶1.5 U,随机引物12 pmol,ddH2O 14.2μL.最佳扩增程序:94℃预变性3m in,94℃变性50 s,38℃复性1 m in,72℃延伸2 m in,循环40次;最后72℃延伸5 m in.4℃保存.     

五条蚋ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

通过正交试验及单因素试验对五条蝻S.quinquestriatum ISSR-PCR反应体系中的引物、DNA模板、dNTP、Mg2+、BSA、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度6个关键因素进行优化,建立五条蚋ISSR最适反应体系:20μl反应体系中引物1.0 μmol/L、DNA模板50.0 ng/μl、dNTP 0.15 mmol/L、Mg2+ 1.50 mmol/L、BSA 2.00 mg/ml、Taq DNA聚合酶0.155U/μl.通过对24条备选引物进行温度梯度筛选,获得8条能够稳定扩增且多态性较好的引物.为今后利用ISSR技术进行五条蚋种群遗传多样性研究奠定了良好的技术基础.     

中国鲎微卫星引物扩增圆尾鲎DNA的PCR反应体系优化

采用正交设计法,从dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、Mg2+浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶用量4个因素3个水平出发,优化设计圆尾鲎DNA的PCR反应体系(引物为中国鲎微卫星引物).并采用直观分析方法分析正交试验结果,最终建立了圆尾鲎SSR-PCR最佳反应体系:总体积20μL,Taq DNA聚合酶1.5 U、dNTPs 0.16 mmol/L、引物0.2μmol/L、Mg2+2.0 mmol/L;并通过PCR梯度实验进一步优化模板DNA质量浓度、退火温度及退火时间,获得最佳反应条件:模板DNA质量浓度为30 ng/μL,退火温度为48℃,退火时间为20～25 s.对最佳反应体系和反应条件进行了检验,结果显示该反应体系稳定性高、重复性好.     

油茶SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立

以油茶品种大别山2号和赣兴46为试验材料,利用Me5Em8正反向引物组合进行了SRAP-PCR反应体系的L9(34)正交试验,采用正交设计直观分析及方差分析对影响SRAP反应的Taq聚合酶、Mg2+、dNTP和引物浓度进行分析,并对模板DNA浓度进行了单因素试验分析。结果表明,油茶SRAP-PCR 20 μL反应体系的最佳组合为: Taq聚合酶1.20 μmol/min、Mg2+浓度125 mmol/L、dNTP浓度0.15 mmol/L、Primer浓度0.60 μmol/L、模板DNA含量60 ng,并含有2 μL 10×buffer(Mg2+ free)。各因素对油茶SRAP-PCR反应的影响大小依次为:dNTP、 Mg2+ 、Taq聚合酶、Primer。     

杉木SRAP-PCR体系优化

为建立杉木SRAP-PCR反应体系,利用L₁₆(4⁵)正交设计对影响杉木SRAP-PCR反应体系的Mg²⁺、dNTPs、引物、Taq酶和DNA浓度5种因素的4个水平进行优化实验,结合正交直观分析和方差分析,对影响反应较大的Mg²⁺、dNTPs和引物浓度进行单因素实验,最终确定杉木SRAP-PCR最佳的反应体系为:在20 μL的PCR反应体系中,Mg²⁺浓度为2.25 mmol/L、dNTPs为0.15 mmol/L、引物浓度为0.4 μmol/L、Taq酶为1.5 μmol/min、模板DNA为60 ng,10×PCR Buffer 2 μL,不足部分用双蒸水补充至20 μL。PCR反应程序的两步最适退火温度第1步为35 ℃,第2步为53 ℃。利用上述反应体系进行杉木PCR扩增,能得到清晰、稳定的条带。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that