不同PH条件下乌鳢胃,肠,肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的初步研究

以乌鳢（OPhiocephalusargus）为研究材料,获得在不同pH条件下胃、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶的活性变化及酶的最适pH值（分别为3．0、8．0和8．4）．三者在最适pH值时酶活性的大小顺序为胃＞肠＞肝胰脏．pH对胃蛋白酶的影响大于对杨道蛋白酶和肝胰脏蛋白酶的影响．     

暗纹东方Tun蛋白酶活性的研究

pH是影响蛋白酶活性的显著因素之一。本文仅初步探讨了pH对一龄、二龄两种规格暗纹东方Tun的胃、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明,一、二龄鱼的胃蛋白酶最适pH均在2．2,肠蛋白酶最适pH为8．5,而一龄鱼肝胰脏蛋白酶最适pH在9．0以上,二龄鱼的最适pH为8．5。另外,蛋白酶活性大小依次为胃、肠、肝胰脏。0．5mol/L CaCI2溶液能明显地抑制胃蛋白酶的活性。     

温度和pH对黑鲷主要消化酶活性的影响

本试验研究了温度和pH值对黑鲷胃、肠及肝胰脏中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶等3种主要消化酶活性的影响.结果表明:黑鲷蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的最适温度分别为50℃,40℃和30℃;在胃,蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的最适pH值分别为2.0,5.0和4.0,均在酸性范围;而在肠和肝胰脏,蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶的最适pH值分别是7.0,7.0,7.5和7.5,7.0,7.0,且均为中性或弱碱性.并且在适宜的温度和pH值条件下,黑鲷不同组织蛋白酶活性大小顺序为:胃>肠>肝胰脏;淀粉酶活性大小顺序为:肝胰脏>肠>胃;脂肪酶活性大小顺序为:肠>肝胰脏>胃.     

暗纹东方鲀蛋白酶活性的研究

pH是影响蛋白酶活性的显著因素之一 .本文仅初步探讨了pH对一龄、二龄两种规格暗纹东方的胃、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响 .结果表明 ,一、二龄鱼的胃蛋白酶最适pH均在 2 .2 ,肠蛋白酶最适pH为 8.5 ,而一龄鱼肝胰脏蛋白酶最适pH在 9.0以上 ,二龄鱼的最适pH为 8.5 .另外 ,蛋白酶活性大小依序为胃、肠、肝胰脏 .0 .5mol/LCaCl2 溶液能明显的抑制胃蛋白酶的活性 .     

活性微生物、pH值、温度对淡水白鲳主要消化酶活性影响的研究

经测定,淡水白鲳淀粉酶、蛋白酶的适宜温度分别为250 ℃和450 ℃;最适pH值分别为6.4和2.6.在最适温度、pH值条件下,不同组织淀粉酶活力大小顺序为肝胰脏>肠>胃,蛋白酶活力大小顺序为胃＞肠＞肝胰脏.分别用酵母菌、光合细菌作饲料添加剂拌喂淡水白鲳,结果表明酵母菌、光合细菌对生长均有明显的促进作用,能显著提高胃、肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活性,及提高肝胰脏淀粉酶的活性,但在一定程度上降低了肝胰脏蛋白酶的活性.     

几种因素对太平洋纺锤水蚤摄食率的影响

于 １９９３ 年 ３～６ 月对厦门港浮游桡足类优势种太平洋纺锤水蚤（ Ａｃａｒｔｉａ ｐａｃｉｆｉｃａ Ｓｔｅｕｅｒ）的摄食率及其与温度、盐度、食物浓度、食物种类、饥俄、食性等因素的关系进行了研究,为太平洋纺锤水蚤的生态和人工培养研究提供重要理论依据．结果表明：１）太平洋纺锤水蚤对三角褐指藻（ Ｐｈａｅｏｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ ｔｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ ）的清滤率（ Ｆ, ｍ Ｌ／ｉｎｄ·ｈ）和滤食率（ Ｇ, ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｉｎｄ·ｈ）受温度的影响显著, Ｆ 和 Ｇ 随温度（１０～２５ ℃）升高而增加,但温度达到或超过 ３０℃反而因不适应而降低,最适摄食温度在 ２５ ℃左右（ Ｆ 和 Ｇ 分别为０．０５８ 和 ９．３３×１０４）．２）盐度对 Ｆ 和 Ｇ 也有显著影响, Ｆ 和 Ｇ 随盐度（１３～２６）升高而增加,但盐度达到或超过 ３０～３２,反而降低,最适摄食盐度在 ２６ 左右（ Ｆ 和 Ｇ分别为 ０．０３０ 和 ４．３７×１０４ ）．３）食物浓度从 ６．２２×１０５ 升高至 １．００×１０７ ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｍ Ｌ, Ｆ 有降低趋势,而 Ｇ 则有升高趋势;最大 Ｆ 和 Ｇ 分别为 ０．０３ 和 １１．３７×１０４ ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｉｎｄ·ｈ．４）太平洋纺锤水蚤对 ９ 种常见藻类的     

pH和温度对黄姑鱼主要消化酶活力的影响

采用酶学分析的方法,研究了在不同pH和温度下离体黄姑鱼蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶的活性变化。结果表明:pH和温度对黄姑鱼主要消化道各部位消化酶活力多数有显著影响(P0.05),在黄姑鱼前肠、中肠、后肠、胃、肝胰脏5个部位,蛋白酶的最适pH分别为6.4、7.8、7.8、2.2、6.4,淀粉酶最适pH分别为5.0、7.8、7.8、6.4、5.0,脂肪酶的最适pH分别为5.0、6.4、7.8、3.6、5.0;在最适pH条件下,前肠、中肠、后肠、胃、肝胰脏中蛋白酶的最适温度均为40℃左右,淀粉酶的最适温度除肝胰脏中为40℃外,其他部位均为30℃,脂肪酶的最适温度均为40℃。蛋白酶活力在pH 6.4、37℃时达到最大值1 606.576±83.457 U,淀粉酶活性在pH 6.4、37℃时达到最大值188.086±17.538 U,脂肪酶在pH 5.0、40℃时达到最大值34.247±1.926 U。     

温度和pH对驼背鲈消化酶活力的影响

采用酶学分析方法研究了温度和pH对驼背鲈3种主要消化酶(蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶)活力的影响。结果表明:在设定的温度和pH范围内,驼背鲈消化酶活力均随着温度和pH的升高呈先升后降的趋势。其中,胃蛋白酶的最适温度为40~45℃,肠、幽门盲囊、肝蛋白酶的最适温度均为40℃;胃脂肪酶的最适温度为35℃,幽门盲囊的最适温度为40~45℃,其他部位均为40℃;胃淀粉酶的最适温度为40℃,其他部位均为35℃。胃蛋白酶的最适pH为3.2,肠、幽门盲囊、肝的最适pH均为8.2;胃、肝脂肪酶的最适pH分别为7.2、8.2,其他部位均为6.2;胃淀粉酶的最适pH为7.2~8.2,其他器官的最适pH均为7.2。各部位在最适温度和pH下,脂肪酶酶活力顺序为肠胃肝幽门盲囊,淀粉酶酶活力顺序为肠幽门盲囊胃肝;蛋白酶在最适温度和pH下的酶活力顺序分别为肠胃肝幽门盲囊、肠胃幽门盲囊肝。     

带鱼内脏蛋白酶的性质

带鱼内脏提取液的蛋白酶活力，在ＰＨ２．２￣９．０之间有三个峰值出现，这说明提取液中存在酸性（最适ＰＨ为３．６）、中性（最适ＰＨ为６．８）及碱性（最适ＰＨ为８．４）蛋白酶；这三类蛋白酶在作用时间为３０ｍｉｎ时，最适温度分别为５０℃，５０￣６０℃，５０￣６０℃，温度对酶水解速度影响很大，内脏蛋白酶在０℃的水解速度是最适温度的１．７５％￣２．７１％。ＮａＣｌ，ＦｅＣｌ３，ＺｎＳＯ４，ＣａＣＬ２，ＥＤＴＡ     

斜带石斑鱼消化器官的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力变化

在广东阳江闸坡网箱养殖区,采集不同生长阶段的斜带石斑鱼样品,体重20～500 g。采用酶学分析方法研究了斜带石斑鱼胃,幽门盲囊、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力。结果表明,30℃养殖水温下,各部分蛋白酶活力为幽门盲囊>胃>肠>肝胰脏,淀粉酶活力为肝胰脏>幽门盲囊>肠>胃。在斜带石斑鱼发育进程中,300 g前蛋白酶活力呈上升趋势,350 g前淀粉酶活力呈上升趋势。胃、幽门盲囊、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活力的最适温度和pH依次为40℃和3.0,40℃和8.0,50℃和8.0,50℃和7.0,胃、幽门盲囊、肠、肝胰脏淀粉酶活力的最适温度和pH依次为40℃和5.0,40℃和8.0,50℃和8.0,50℃和7.0。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-