基于重度增加法的岩坡破坏过程流形元分析

考虑岩体边坡滑动大变形破坏特性和现有研究分析手段,提出利用第一作者团队开发研制的Geo SM A-3D,在现场岩体结构信息采集的基础上,建立岩体边坡空间数值模型,实体表征岩体三维模型;利用现代数值流形法(NMM)模拟岩体大变形破坏分析手段,在块体理论的基础上,运用有限元分析中经常用到的重度增加法,不断增加岩体的重度,直到岩体边坡中的"关键块体"产生滑动,使边坡发生大变形破坏;同时以最危险"关键块体"水平位移随重度增加发生突变为破坏依据,对边坡的安全系数进行评定.实例分析某边坡工程的破坏过程,实现了岩体边坡大变形数字表征,为边坡支护提出解决方案,为工程施工和边坡灾害的处置提供参考和借鉴.     

复杂岩体边坡关键块体搜索及开挖支护

采用非接触摄影测量技术采集某高速公路工程边坡岩体的结构面信息,导入自行开发的GeoSMA-3D系统,建立该边坡三维数值模型,从几何学角度搜索出其关键块体.用三维离散元数值计算软件3DEC模拟该边坡工程的开挖过程以及锚索支护后的开挖过程.结果表明,本岩质边坡工程开挖后,引起岩体内部应力重分布,坡体有大范围的剪切塑性区,位移矢量、速度矢量大量集中在开挖面附近的节理上,矢量的方向偏向于临空面,并呈现逐渐增加趋势,整体稳定性较差,若不对边坡采取适当支护措施,必将发生边坡整体失稳破坏;在锚索支护后,边坡的潜在滑移面被控制,边坡整体处于稳定状态.     

基于BARTON-BANDIS本构模型的节理岩体边坡稳定性离散元模拟分析

利用离散元对节理岩体工程进行稳定性模拟分析时,节理的本构关系对模拟结果有重要的影响,详细的介绍了基于离散元UDEC软件,利用Barton-Bandis (BB)和Mohr-Coulomb(MC)两种本构模型分析节理岩体边坡稳定性的主要区别。在BB模型中,由于膨胀角随剪切运动呈非线性变化,分析节理岩体边坡所得到的运动规律与现场监测数据所反映的边坡运动规律一致,因此,离散元中BB模型更适合用来分析节理岩体工程。根据BB模型模拟分析的结果,对依托工程边坡采取了喷射厚度10 cm混凝土进行加固的措施,模拟结果表明,喷射10 cm混凝土对边坡稳定性起到了良好的加固作用,依托工程正是按此加固方案进行施工。     

节理岩体爆破破坏过程数值模拟

 针对目前常用的有限元和离散元等数值方法难以客观反映岩体中存在的大量断续节理和在外力作用下岩体破碎及块体运动的不足,提出采用最近新出现的数值方法——数值流形方法以解决目前岩体爆破中存在的上述问题.数值流形方法采用数学网格与物理网格以形成求解流形单元,很容易反映岩体中存在的众多初始节理,本文采用断裂力学准则模拟岩石节理和裂纹扩展,采用DDA中的块体运动学理论模拟块体运动,并通过算例对比分析了完整岩体和节理岩体爆破破坏模式的差异.模拟结果表明,节理存在对岩体爆破破坏模式有着重要影响,且其影响程度与节理的几何分布和物理力学性质有着密切关系.     

基于不同节理模型的岩体边坡稳定性分析

利用离散元对节理岩体工程进行稳定性分析时,节理的本构关系对分析结果有重要的影响.详细介绍了基于离散元UDEC软件,利用Barton-Bandis(BB)和Mohr-Coulomb(MC)本构模型分析节理岩体边坡稳定性的主要区别.在BB模型中,由于膨胀角随剪切运动呈非线性变化,节理岩体边坡分析所得到的运动规律与现场监测数据所反映的边坡运动规律一致,而MC模型分析结果则与现场监测数据所反映的边坡运动规律相差甚大,因此,离散元中BB模型更适合于用来分析节理岩体工程.根据BB模型模拟分析的结果,对依托工程边坡采取了喷射厚度10 cm混凝土进行加固的措施,模拟结果表明,喷射10 cm混凝土对边坡稳定性起到了良好的加固作用,依托工程正是按此加固方案进行施工.     

岩体隧道施工诱发的关键块体三维模型及其验证

在岩体隧道工程岩体结构面的观测基础上,研究了结构面三维模型及网络模拟技术,通过不连续面网络图模拟真实岩体的几何特征,讨论了两种块体搜索方法,即根据确定结构面参数搜索确定块体和根据节理面网络图搜索随机块体的方法.引入概率理论对被节理切割的岩体中关键块进行了分析,采用蒙特卡罗法和面向对象的编程技术,给出了基于统计原理的岩体不连续面三维计算机模拟方法.建立了岩体工程适用的块体搜索和计算模型,实现岩体隧道工程的关键块体计算机搜索、三维显示和旋转等.     

公路软硬岩互层边坡稳定性分析及防治措施

软硬岩互层边坡坡体结构复杂,岩体力学特性差异极大,结构面多样。受岩体及结构面种类控制,该类边坡破坏机理多样。常见破坏模式有:滑移-拉裂-剪断、滑移-拉裂、滑移-弯曲、平面旋转式滑移-拉裂、块体滑移、弯曲-倾倒(张倬元等,1994;黄润秋,2003;宋玉环,2011)。本文以G320上瑞线石头寨至水黄路口公路改造工程K2233+320~K2233+620段右侧软硬岩互层边坡为研究对象,首先确定边坡的潜在滑动面,然后对边坡的稳定性进行分析,最后针对该边坡剩余下滑力及地形特征提出支护方案。     

节理岩体数值模拟及力学参数确定

采用FLAC3D程序和离散裂隙网络技术构建的遍布节理岩体模型能同时考虑节理岩体中节理和岩体的作用,具有概念清晰、建模快捷、计算效率高等特点. 首先对现场结构面测绘数据进行统计分析,获得其概率分布特征参数,在此基础上分两尺度考虑节理并确定其离散裂隙网络模型;其次基于离散裂隙网络模型构建相应的节理岩体模型,研究其强度特征并获取工程岩体单轴抗压强度;结合Hoek-Brown、Mohr-Coulomb准则及最大围压拟合综合确定节理岩体力学参数;最后将拟合所得参数用于边坡稳定性分析,分别运用强度折减法和极限平衡法计算两种模型的安全系数,对比发现计算结果基本一致,表明所提出的研究思路用于确定节理岩体参数是可行的.     

缙云抽水蓄能电站节理岩体边坡开挖稳定性综合评价

边坡稳定性一直是工程建设中重点关注的问题,在边坡开挖前需要进行详尽的研究.针对缙云抽水蓄能电站开关站边坡开挖工程,通过现场勘查、室内试验、运动学分析、极限平衡分析和离散元模拟等手段,对边坡的岩体结构特征、岩体质量、边坡变形破坏模式和稳定性进行了详细研究,结果表明:①开关站边坡岩体完整性中等到好,岩体质量中等,满足作为开关站建设要求;②运动学分析显示边坡开挖后可能的破坏模式为平面滑动、楔形体滑动和倾倒变形模式;③极限平衡分析表明开挖后边坡安全系数较高,边坡整体较为稳定的,发生大规模滑动的可能性较低;④离散单元模拟结果显示边坡开挖后在坡顶近地表块体有发生剪切变形的可能性,而台阶开挖处块体可能发生局部拉张破坏,在施工中应及时采取有效的支护和预防措施.本研究成果可以为类似的抽水蓄能电站边坡开挖稳定性评价提供方法参考.     

影响双向节理岩质边坡稳定性因素的灰色敏感性分析

通过系统分析双向节理岩质边坡的工程破坏现象,总结了影响稳定性的5大因素:节理间距、节理摩擦角、节理倾角角度差、开挖坡脚以及块体的内摩擦角。运用UDEC离散元数值模拟方法和强度折减法作为边坡安全稳定性评判方法,利用上述5大因素构建正交试验方案,系统研究5大因素对双向节理岩质边坡稳定性的影响。最后运用灰色关联法分析了5大影响因素对双向节理岩质边坡稳定性的影响权重,结果表明:5大影响因素中权重最大的是块体内摩擦角和节理摩擦角,而节理倾角差、节理间距、坡体开挖角度对边坡稳定的影响力较小,因此在工程中需要着重关注块体内摩擦角和节理摩擦角的取值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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