多燃料喷口夹角与火焰长度的关系

鉴于在多燃料喷口的甲烷-空气扩散燃烧中,喷口布局方式对火焰长度的影响较大,验证扩散燃烧火焰长度数值计算的可靠性;根据对称原理,经过反复试算,确定合理的计算区域,调整各喷口之间的夹角以及甲烷和同流空气的速度,得到不同工况下的火焰长度.研究结果表明:甲烷与同流空气流动速度相等,火焰长度随着同流空气流速增大而增大;当同流空气速度一定时,火焰长度随着甲烷流速变大先增大后减小;当喷口夹角为0o(或90o)时,火焰长度最短,当喷口夹角为30o时,火焰最长.     

焙烧炉新型燃烧器燃烧特性的数值模拟

对一种用于焙烧炉的新型燃烧器的燃烧过程建立了二维旋转轴数值计算模型,采用数值模拟的方法研究了燃气入口速度和喷口与喉部直径比对其燃烧特性的影响.结果表明,燃烧室内最高温度随燃气入口速度增大而升高.当燃气入口速度一定时,随喷口与喉部直径比的增大,火焰形状由梨状变为燕尾状,燃烧室内最高温度先降后升.火焰长度随燃气入口速度的增大而增长,随喷口与喉部直径比的增大而缩短.     

煤层气扩散燃烧性能影响因素分析

基于计算流体力学的涡耗散模型,采用有限容积法建立组分燃烧与扩散数学模型。针对长为2.9m,直径为0.5m的喷口型燃烧器进行数值模拟。研究表明：随着煤层气中甲烷浓度的增加,氧气浓度的峰值逐渐右移,非预混系统的最高温度与平均温度都有所增加;随着速度比的逐渐增加,煤层气中甲烷燃烧较快;随着过量空气系数的增加,非预混系统燃烧温度最大值逐渐右移。该结果可为生产实际提供一定的理论指导。     

法向火焰传播速度的实验测量

法向火焰传播速度是燃气燃烧的重要特性之一,是燃烧设备设计的主要依据。采用动力学法对火焰法向火焰传播速度进行了测量,获得火焰高度h和喷口半径r,以及燃气和空气量,获得了法向火焰传播速度与一次空气系数之间的特征关系曲线。实验表明,随着一次空气系数的增大,火焰传播速度先增大后减小,当一次空气系数接近1时,法向火焰传播速度最大。该系统能够准确测量法向火焰等特征参数,可广泛应用于燃气相关专业的教学和科研。     

蓄热式加热炉流场的数值模拟

利用大型软件CFX建立了蓄热式加热炉炉内速度场的数学模型．采用k-ε模型数值模拟炉内的湍流流动，分析喷口几何形状及尺寸，喷口的分布位置等对炉内的速度分布的影响．计算结果为，蓄热式加热炉炉内流场与传统加热炉迥然不同，流场分布有利于燃料和助燃空气的混合，符合高温低氧燃烧的的流场分布．另外，影响炉内速度场的因素有炉型结构、喷口几何形状与尺寸及喷口的分布位置等．     

分区分级双P型辐射管喷口结构位置特性

为了对分区分级双P型燃气辐射管喷口结构、位置进行优化,提高燃烧效率.首先对分区分级双P型燃气辐射管进行了实验和数值研究,结果发现,除NOx体积分数的误差为11.6%外,其他参数的偏差都在1%以内,证明该模型具有可靠性.在此基础上,通过研究主管和支管的喷口位置及喷口结构等参数,进行了气体温度和壁面温度的研究分析.结果显示:随着主管喷口位置向外移动,分区分级燃气辐射管表面温度的最高值逐渐减小,壁面温度的最低值逐渐增大.支管喷口位于三通管与支管交线处时,可以减少高温气体对辐射管管壁的冲击作用,提高支管径向的温度均匀性,延长辐射管使用寿命;主管喷口的形式为完全预混式喷口时,壁面温差最小;支管喷口的形式为不对称式时,分区分级燃气辐射管壁面温差最小,燃烧热效率最高.     

AVC预混燃烧流动特性的数值模拟

为探究先进旋涡燃烧室内湍流燃烧流动特性,应用预混燃烧模型,对燃烧室内燃烧及流动过程进行了数值模拟。得到了燃烧室内温度场及流场的分布情况。分析了不同燃气当量比、燃气速度和燃气温度对燃烧室预混燃烧流动的影响规律。结果表明:燃烧室内凹腔及后钝体回流区是主要燃烧区域,主燃区可形成均匀对称的旋涡对;不同工况参数对燃烧室内温度、组分和流场分布有影响。凹腔内温度随进气速度增大而增加,燃烧室内温度和出口径向温度随燃气温度增大而增大,且在不同工况下,凹腔内都能维持较高的点火温度。     

卡鲁金顶燃式热风炉预燃室和拱顶流动的数值模拟

应用湍流扩散火焰燃烧模型,对卡鲁金热风炉的预燃室和拱顶内的燃烧过程进行了数值模拟研究,确定了燃烧过程中煤气、空气的速度分布。     

旋流稳焰瓦斯燃烧器湍流扩散火焰的数值模拟

为研究瓦斯燃烧器的火焰特性 ,采用k ε湍流模型、三气体扩散燃烧模型及综合辐射模型 ,对旋流稳焰瓦斯燃烧器湍流扩散火焰进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明 ,在旋流作用下 ,在火盆及其前端附近区域内形成了中心回流区 ,使燃气与助燃空气在此处发生剧烈掺混而被点燃 ,这有利于火焰稳定。在火焰前端仍存在一个高温尾流区 ,在选用和设计燃烧器时应充分考虑这一现象。燃气喷孔直径对火焰长度的影响非常显著 ,喷头顶部气孔位置和火盆锥口角对火焰长度影响较小。随着空气过剩系数和燃气中空气含量的增加 ,火焰长度明显减小。在实际应用中 ,应充分考虑燃烧器结构和操作条件的影响 ,以提高加热炉的效率和安全性。     

超音速吹灰压力与偏转角对锅炉管束磨损的影响

采用CFD数值模拟方法和经典磨损模型对超音速吹灰过程气固两相流分布及其引起的锅炉管束磨损进行模拟分析,研究吹灰器喷口轴线与管排壁面相切时吹灰压力及喷管偏转角度的影响。采用文献试验结果对CFD模型进行验证。结果表明:当压力从0.6 MPa增至1.6 MPa时,射流出口速度、飞灰颗粒与管壁面的平均碰撞速度和频率均有不同程度增大,管壁最大磨损率增大1.88倍。而当吹灰角度从0°增至60°时,射流出口速度、飞灰颗粒与管壁面的平均碰撞速度和频率均有所减小,锅炉管壁面的最大磨损率减小近57倍,磨损范围变大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-