互连芯片化学机械抛光材料去除的仿真分析

针对互连芯片化学机械抛光去除机理的认知不足,假设金属材料弹塑性变形连续,对单磨粒划擦互连芯片的材料去除进行了数值表征.通过芯片应力分布和工艺参数对材料去除率分析发现:平均法向力大于平均切向力;滑动摩擦系数、材料去除率随抛光速度增加而增加;当抛光速度为10~12 mm·s~(-1)时,粒径为30 nm的磨粒材料去除率最大;当工作载荷为6μN,抛光速度为6~10 mm·s~(-1)时,粒径为30 nm的磨粒材料去除率略低,粒径为60 nm的磨粒的材料去除率最大.     

纺织钢领的化学机械抛光试验

探讨了化学机械抛光(CMP)技术在细纱机的钢领后续加工中的应用.通过采用CMP与传统磨料流抛光技术的对比试验, 表明应用CMP技术后提高了钢领的加工效率和工作表面质量,证明CMP应用于钢领抛光是完全可行的.同时,对CMP抛光钢领的机理及影响因素进行了分析.试验表明,采用CMP技术抛光钢领时,钢领的表面在抛光液的作用下形成了软质层,由于该软质层的形成, 提高了抛光效率,也改善了钢领的表面质量.     

氮化镓晶片的化学机械抛光工艺

研究了抛光工艺参数对氮化镓(GaN)化学机械抛光(CMP)表面形貌和材料去除率的影响。通过精密分析天平和原子力显微镜对其材料去除率和表面形貌进行分析,采用单因素及正交实验法探究压力、抛光盘转速和氧化剂浓度对GaN材料去除率和表面形貌的影响。结果表明:在下压力为14.1×10~4 Pa、抛光盘转速为75 r/min、H_2O_2浓度为0.8%、SiO_2磨粒为30%、抛光液流量为20 mL/min、抛光时间为15 min的条件下,GaN晶片表面材料去除率最大达到103.98 nm/h,表面粗糙度最低为0.334 nm。可见,在优化后的工艺参数下采用化学机械抛光,可同时获得较高的材料去除率和高质量的GaN表面。     

光学元件磁性复合流体抛光特性研究

采用磁性复合流体(MCF)对BK7玻璃进行定点抛光实验,对抛光斑进行三维模型重构,并对磁场空间分布进行仿真与实验分析,阐明抛光材料去除机理,确定材料去除率、表面粗糙度及硬度随抛光时间的变化规律,建立了材料去除量与磁通密度的关系曲线。实验结果表明:抛光形成的抛光斑表面轮廓为蝶形,其沿抛光轮轴向的截面轮廓呈"W"形;材料去除量与磁场强弱及抛光时间密切相关,抛光深度去除率最高可达553 nm/min;表面粗糙度随抛光时间的增加先上升后下降,MCF抛光可获得表面粗糙度Ra6 nm的光滑表面,且粗糙度与硬度呈现一定的正相关关系。     

Progress in material removal mechanisms of surface polishing with ultra precision

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process is commonly regarded as the best method for achieving global planarization in the field of surface finishing with ultra-precision. The development of investigation on material removal mechanisms for different materials used in computer hard disk and ultra-large scale integration fabrication are reviewed here. The mechanisms underlying the interaction between the abrasive particles and polished surfaces during CMP are addressed, and some ways to investigate the polishing mechanisms are presented.     

化学机械抛光中抛光液流动的微极性分析

化学机械抛光(Chemical Mechanical Polishing,CMP)是用于获取原子级平面度的一种有效手段,抛光液是其中重要因素之一.目前,CMP的抛光液通常使用球形纳米级颗粒来加速切除和优化抛光质量,这类流体的流变性能必须考虑微极性效应的影响.本文给出了考虑微极性效应的CMP运动方程,并进行了数值求解,这有助于了解CMP的作用机理.数值模拟表明,微极性将提高抛光液的等效粘度从而在一定程度上提高其承载能力,加速材料去除.这在低节距或低转速下尤为明显,体现出尺寸依赖性.     

基于单分子层去除机理的芯片化学机械抛光材料去除模型

基于单分子层材料的去除机理,应用微观接触力学和概率统计方法建立了化学机械抛光(CMP)及材料去除的数学物理模型.模型揭示了材料的去除率和磨粒的大小、浓度呈非线性关系,而且模型预测结果与已有的试验数据相吻合,为进一步研究磨粒对CMP材料去除的影响提供了新的研究视角.     

磨粒和抛光垫对铝合金化学机械抛光性能

磨粒和抛光垫为化学机械抛光(CMP)提供了重要的机械磨削作用。为了探讨磨粒和抛光垫对铝合金化学机械抛光的磨削作用,研究了不同种类磨粒和抛光垫对材料去除率和表面形貌的影响。结果表明：在pH=12-13时,氧化铝抛光液去除率(MRR)为910nm/min,远大于二氧化硅与氧化铈抛光液,且获得较为理想光滑表面。3种不同抛光垫抛光后的铝合金表面,呢子抛光垫表面将不会出现划痕与腐蚀点,表面粗糙度较低为10.9nm。随着氧化铝浓度的增加,材料去除率(MRR)和表面粗糙度(Ra)均增加。当氧化铝含量为4wt%时,抛光垫使用呢子抛光垫适宜铝合金化学机械抛光,在获得高去除率的同时铝合金表面精度高。     

Material removal model for non-contact chemical mechanical polishing

Material removal mechanism under non-contact condition between the pad and the wafer in the chemical mechanical polishing （CMP） process is investigated. Based on the assumption that almost all effective material removals take place due to the active abrasives which cut material through the plowing effects. A novel model is developed to predict the material removal rate （MRR） under non-contact condition between the pad and the wafer in CMP. Validated by the experimental data, the model is proved to be able to predict the change of MRR under non-contact condition. Numerical simulation of the model shows： the relative velocity u between the pad and the wafer and fluid viscosity 7/are the most important factors which impact MRR under non-contact condition; load changes of wa- fer also affects the MRR, but the effect is not as obvious as the relative velocity and fluid viscosity; when the radius of abrasive is not less than 50nm, the impact of MRRalone with the changes in the size of the abrasive can be ignored.     

超声振动辅助抛光氮化镓分子动力学仿真分析

为了揭示超声振动辅助抛光（UVAP）氮化镓（GaN）的微观机理,为优化超声参数实现GaN材料高效去除和改善表面质量提供指导意见。采用分子动力学（MD）模拟方法研究了超声振动条件下单个磨粒在氮化镓（GaN）材料表面的划擦行为,并分析了超声振动周期和幅值对GaN材料去除行为的影响。结果表明,随UVAP振动周期的增大,平均切向力不断减小,平均法向力先增大后减小,损伤层厚度先降低后逐渐趋于平缓。振动周期为40 ps时,去除原子数量为常规抛光的5.6倍,同时损伤层深度仅为15.85 ?。而随着UVAP振幅的增加,平均切向力先减小后增大,平均法向力不断减小,划痕宽度和损伤层深度非线性增大。在振幅为8 ?时,损伤层深度与常规抛光基本保持一致,且去除原子数量相比常规抛光提升了4.6倍。UVAP较常规抛光能够降低平均磨削力,增大划痕宽度,提升去除原子数量,具有优异的抛光效果。UVAP振动周期和振幅的增大均会增加划痕底部的位错类型。此外,位错总长度的大小主要受振幅的影响,而与振动周期基本无关。通过调控UVAP振动周期和振幅分别为40 ps和8 ?,能够保证较好的表面质量和较高的材料去除效率。     

单晶硅片化学机械抛光材料去除特性

根据化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中硅片表面材料的磨损行为,建立了硅片CMP时的材料去除率模型,设计了不同成分的抛光液并进行了材料去除率实验,得出了机械、化学及其交互作用所引起的材料去除率.结果表明,磨粒的机械作用是化学机械抛光中的主要机械作用,磨粒的机械作用与抛光液的化学作用交互引起的材料去除率是主要的材料去除率.     

Multigrid technique incorporated algorithm for CMP lubrication equations

Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)is a manufacturing process used to achieve required high levels of global and local planarity,which involves a combination of chemical erosion and mechanical action.The study on mechanical removal action of CMP with hydrodynamic lubrication involved will help us to get some insights into the mechanism of CMP and to solve the lubrication problem of CMP.In this paper,a full approach scheme of multigrid technique incorporated with line relaxation is introduced for accelerating the convergence.The effects of various parameters on load and moments are simulated and the results of computation are reported.     

一种新型的机械化学抛光模型

分析了机械化学抛光(CMP)过程中氧化剂与磨粒的化学机械协同作用机理,将CMP过程分为化学作用主导阶段和机械作用主导阶段.应用微观接触力学和颗粒粒度分布理论,对这两个阶段分别建立了表征芯片表面材料去除率的数学模型,根据这两个阶段的平衡点推出了表征芯片表面氧化膜生成速度的数学表达式.模型综合考虑了机械和化学作用因素、磨粒的浓度、磨粒的粒度分布特性及磨粒/芯片/抛光盘的材料特性参数对CMP过程的影响,并通过图表分析了磨粒体积浓度、磨粒平均粒径粒度、磨粒粒度分布宽度以及氧化剂浓度对CMP过程芯片表面材料去除率的影响规律.     

Modeling Chemical Mechanical Polishing with Couple Stress Fluids

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a manufacturing process used to achieve high levels of global and local planarity. Currently, the slurries used in CMP usually contain nanoscale particles to accelerate the removal ratio and to optimize the planarity, whose rheological properties can no longer be accurately modeled with Newtonian fluids. The Reynolds equation, including the couple stress effects, was derived in this paper. The equation describes the mechanism to solve the CMP lubrication equation with the couple stress effects. The effects on load and moments resulting from the various parameters, such as pivot height, roll angle, and pitch angle, were subsequently simulated. The results show that the couple stress can provide higher load and angular moments. This study sheds some lights into the mechanism of the CMP process.     

机械化学抛光中晶圆材料切削率和非均匀性有限元模型

提出了一个机械化学抛光中晶圆材料非均匀性的有限元模型.通过分析压力、摩擦力、抛光垫和承载膜的可压缩性对晶圆的应力分布的影响,研究了抛光过程中晶圆厚度的不均匀性.结果证明非均匀剪应力是晶圆厚度变化的一个主要原因.这个模型也建立了声发射信号的变化和晶圆厚度不均匀性的关系.通过对晶圆材料切削率的声发射信号监测,证明了实验结果和模型预测值的一致性.     

具有公自转运动形式的可更新磁流变抛光工具

在光学自由曲面的成形抛光加工当中,加工去除的稳定性对工件加工质量具有重要的影响,而抛光液的更新是保证去除稳定的关键。该文提出了一种具有公自转运动形式的可更新磁流变抛光工具,能够完成磁流变抛光液内部磁链的重组更新,使得加工去除稳定。针对此抛光工具,使用刚体润滑理论获得理论去除轮廓,通过实验获得其在单自转状态下的去除轮廓,与理论分析吻合。峰值去除量时间的实验表明,该抛光头的去除效果受时间的影响很小,抛光去除稳定。     

磁性复合流体的深孔抛光工艺试验研究

针对深孔零件光整加工技术的难题,提出了基于针式抛光头的磁性复合流体(MCF)深孔抛光的加工方法.首先利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件建立不同的永磁铁磁场组合模型,根据仿真结果设计磁场分布均匀且强度较强的针式抛光头;再建立MCF深孔抛光的磁流场耦合模型,分析MCF的流动特性;以黄铜H62的深孔零件为加...     

蓝宝石衬底铜抛-CMP加工技术

针对蓝宝石衬底超精密加工存在的抛光表面不稳定问题,对蓝宝石衬底铜抛-化学机械抛光(CMP)加工技术进行研究,系统探讨铜抛与CMP的抛光压力、转速和抛光时间对蓝宝石衬底表面质量及加工效率的影响.综合评价各表面质量指标,结果表明:在满足表面质量对抛光工艺要求的前提下,采用铜抛的最佳工艺参数为铜抛压力98.0 kPa,转速55 r·min^-1,铜抛时间30 min;化学机械抛光的最佳工艺参数为抛光压力215.6 kPa,转速60 r·min^-1,抛光时间120 min,由此可获得高质量、无损伤的蓝宝石衬底抛光表面.     

Surface roughness and removal rate in magnetorheological finishing of a subsurface damage free surface

Based on computer-controlled optical surfacing, a new technique called magnetorheological finishing (MRF), is presented. The new technique combines the features of conventional loose abrasive machining with a wheel shaped polishing tool. The tool incorporates a host of features and has unprecedented fabricating versatility. The pre-polishing and fine polishing processes can be performed only by adjusting different parameters. The material removal function is studied theoretically and the results of simulation present a Gaussian distribution feature. Based on the established theoretical model, material removal rate experiments involving a parabolic mirror are designed and carried out to determine the effect of controllable parameters on size of the gap between the workpiece and the polishing wheel, rotating speed of the polishing wheel, concentration of volume fraction of non-magnetic particles and polishing time. Further experiments are carried out on the surface microstructure of the workpiece, the final surface roughness with an initial value of 10.98 nm reaches 1.22 nm root mean square (RMS) after 20 min of polishing. The subsurface damage experiment and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement on the polished surface can also verify the feasibility of the MRF technique.     

Surface roughness and removal rate in magnetorheological finishing of a subsurface damage free surface

Asphericalopticalcomponentsareimportantin modernopticalsystems[1].Thereexistmanytypesof aspheres.Thecommonlyusedonesincludeparabola,ellipsoid,etc.[2]Recently,increasingrequirements forasphericalopticalcomponents(e.g.forlithogra phy)togetherwithgrowingfieldsoftheirapplication(e.g.conformalandfreeformoptics)resultina strongneedforopticalfinishingmethodsthatcanbe appliedlocallytopolishcomplexshapedaspheresin brittlematerials(e.g.glass)[3].However,making high precisionaspheresisstillprimarilyanard…