应用PCR－SSCP银染技术检测消化系统肿瘤的P53基因突变

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染技术，初步研究了肝细胞癌、胃癌和大肠癌中Ｐ５３基因的第６和第７外显子的分子结构改变。对来自癌组织ＤＮＡ和正常组织ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ电泳带迁移作对比分析，发现３０例肝癌病人中，６例肝癌样品电泳带迁移异常；２６例胃癌病人中，４例胃癌样品电泳带迁移异常；２９例大肠癌病人中，６例大肠癌样品电泳带迁移异常。依据ＤＮＡ单链构象与分子电泳迁移的关系，研究结果表明：该三组病人中，Ｐ５３基因第６、７外显子的突变率分别为２０．０％，１５．４％和２５．０％。同时，也间接提示了Ｐ５３基因突变可能是肝细胞癌、胃癌和大肠癌中一种较多见的分子结构改变。     

腺病毒介导的wtp53基因对五种癌细胞系的生长抑制 …

构建重组腺病毒载体ＡｄＣＭＶｐ５３，将ｗｔｐ５３分别导入ＰＧ（人肺巨细胞瘤细胞）、ＣＡＥ（人结肠癌细胞）、ＨＣＴ（人结肠癌细胞）、ＨｅＬａ９人宫颈癌细胞）及ＢＥＬ７４０２（人肝癌细胞）五种癌细胞中，测定ＡｄＣＭＶｐ５３对癌细胞的半抑制浓度（ＩＣ５０）和细胞生长曲线，分别不同组织癌组织对ＡｄＣＭＶｐ５３的敏感程度。结果表明，ＡｄＣＭＶｐ５３对癌细胞具有与病毒剂量相关的明显致死作用，但不同细胞对腺病毒     

牛酪蛋白cDNA基因克隆的改建

牛酪蛋白全长ｃＤＮＡ克隆ｐＢａＳ１ｃ１８４Ｘ ＧＬⅢ和ＣＯｒＩ双酶切，回收基中的酪蛋白基因编码片段，与经ＢａｍＨＩ，ＳｍａＩ双酶切的植物表达载体ｐＢＩ１２．１２分两步连接；第一步载体的ＢａｍＨＩ末端与酪蛋白基因的ＢｇｌⅡ粘性末端连接；第二步用Ｔ４ＤＮＡ多聚酶补平酪蛋白基因的ＥｃｏＴＲⅠ末端，再与载体ＳｍａⅠ进行平末端连接而环化。     

启动子对外源基因在转基因植物中表达的影响

将来自ｐＢＩ１２１质粒的ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子片段插入到ｐＢＩ１２１的ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子与ＧＵＳ基因之间，构建了串联的ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子载体ｐＬＢ３８．通过三亲交配，将ｐＢＩ１２１及ｐＬＢ３８分别转移到含ｐＧｖ３８５０的农杆菌中，成为适合本研究的双元载体。以叶圆盘转化法将外源基因转入烟草，获得了２种转基因植株。经ＤＮＡ分子杂交、ＮＰＴⅡ点分析、ＧＵＳ荧光定性及定量分析，证明外源基因已整合进烟草基因组并获得表达。ｐＬＢ３８的ＧＵＳ表达量为ｎＢｌ１２１的３～４倍，这表明启动子数目的不同会直接影响其启动基因的表达水平。     

虾蛄的网箱暂养试验

虾蛄的网箱暂养试验ＡＴＥＳＴＩＮＧＯＦＳＱＵＩＬＬＡＴＥＭＰＯＲＡＲＹＢＲＥＥＤＩＮＧＢＹＮＥＴ－ＣＡＧＥＣＵＬＴＵＲＥ王春琳梅文骧，张义浩ＷａｎｇＣｈｕｎｌｉｎｇ；ＭｅｉＷｅｎｘｉａｎｇ；ＺｈａｎｇＹｉｈａｏ（浙江水产学院水产养殖系、科研处，宁波３...     

口虾蛄的生物学基本特征

口虾蛄的生物学基本特征ＡＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＢＡＳＩＣＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＯＦＯＲＡＴＯ５ＱＵＩＬＬＡＯＲＡＴＯＲＩＡ王春琳，徐善良ＷａｎｇＣｈｕｎｌｉｎｇ；ＸｕＳｈａｎｌｉａｎｇ（浙江水产学院水产养殖系，宁波３１５０１０）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡ...     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒新疆分离物外壳蛋白基因的原核表达载体和植物表达载体的构建

将克隆入ｐＧＥＭ７ｚｆ（＋）的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）新疆分离物外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ的ｐＧＥＢ３，用ＸｂａＩ切下，Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ补平，再用ＢａｍＨＩ切下ｃＤＮＡ片段。用ＮｄｅＩ切开原核表达载体ｐＪＷ２，用Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ补平，再用ＢａｍＨＩ切去小片段。将该ｃＤＮＡ与ｐＪＷ２大片段用Ｔ４连接酶连接，构建了ＢＮＹＶＶＣＰ基因的表达载体ｐＪＷＢ４，转化到大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α。经培养和高温诱导，ｐＪＷＢ４成功地表达出了ＢＮＹＶＶ的外壳蛋白。将ｐＧＥＢ３和ｐＢＩ１２１用Ｘｂａｌ和ＢａｍＨＩ酶切Ｔ４连接酶连接，构建了ＢＹＶＶＣＰ基因的植物表达载体，转化到ＤＨ５α，筛选出正向连结的阳性克隆ｐＢＩＢ３，转化入农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４（ｐＡＬ４４０４），经用ＰＣＲ扩增和γ３２Ｐ标记的探针杂交约证实为阳性克隆。往甜菜植株中转化工作正在进行中。     

卡介苗中具启动子活性片段克隆及分析

利用启动子探针型质粒ｐＫＫ２３２－８从卡介苗染色体ＤＡＮ的ＢａｍＨＩ酶切片段中克隆到４个具启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,测定各重组子对氯霉素（Ｃｍ）的抗性,其中含３．３Ｋｂ外源片段的重组质粒ｐＢＣＧ２大肠杆菌转化子在ＬＭ培养基上对Ｃｍ抗性可达１７０×１０－６ｇ／ｍＬ,作了该片段的限制性酶切图谱．对ｐＢＣＧ２利用ＳａｌⅠ位点,亚克隆出４种部分重叠的具启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,这４种重组质粒分别命名为ｐＢＣＧ２－１,ｐＢＣＧ２－２,ｐＢＣＧ２－６和ｐＢＣＧ２－８,并分析了其中插入片段的大小及其转化子对Ｃｍ的抗性．将ｐＢＣＧ２－２的ＳａｌⅠ外源片段插入到分枝杆菌启动子探针型穿梭质粒ｐＥＱ３,获得一个可在卡介苗中表达ｌａｃＺ基因的重组子ｐＥＢ２２．斑点杂交实验证明,具有启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段来源于卡介苗的染色体ＤＮＡ．结果表明克隆到一个对大肠杆菌和卡介苗均具启动子活性的ＤＮＡ片段     

小白菜苏云金牙孢杆菌CryIB基因的遗传转化

用限制ＳｐｈＩ和ＥｃｏＲＩ消化质粒ｐＢＹＴＥＳｐ１０１－１和ｐＢＱＸ,将ｐＢＱＸ上的经发行过的苏云金芽直菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因ＣｒｙＩＢ取代ｐＢＹＴＥＳｐ１０１－１上的ＧＵＳ基因,得到一个中间克隆ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－１。用限制酶ＨｉｎｄⅢ消化质粒ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－１,回收含ＣｒｙＩＢ基因的５．１ｋｂＤＮＡ乍段,插入质粒ｐＢＩＮ１９的Ｈｉｎｄ０２８３位点,构建成具卡那霉素抗性的植物表达载体ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－５．ＥＴ     

根癌农杆菌的高效电激转化

利用电激法双元载体质粒ｐＢＩ１２１导入根癌农杆菌ＡＧＬ－１并获得较高转化效率。探讨了不同电激条件对转化效率的影响，并检测了ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子ＧＵＳ基因在根癌农杆菌中的表达。     

High frequency of p53 intronic point mutations in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Intronic point mutations are rare and totally unknown for human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). To explore the relationship of p53 gene intronic mutation to the development of human LSCC, DNA was extracted from both tumor tissues and matched normal tissues of 55 patients with LSCC in northeast of China. Polymerase chain reaction amplification-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) combined with silver staining and DNA direct sequencing were used to detect mutations in exons 7～8 (p53E7 and p53E8) and introns 7～8 (p53I7 and p53I8) of p53 gene. The p53E7 mutation was detected in 17 out of 55 patients, and the p53I7 mutation in 21 patients. No mutation was found at p53E8 or p53I8 site. The difference between tumor group and paired normal group on the rates of both p53E7 and p53I7 mutations was statistically significant. The rate of p53I7 mutations in tumor tissue was higher than that of normal tissue, and so was that of p53E7. Sequence analysis revealed that most p53I7 mutations were at the nucleotides in the branch point sequence or the polypyrimidine tract in the 3′-splice acceptor site of the intron 7. The high incidence of p53 gene intronic mutation in LSCC indicates that genetic changes within the noncoding region of the p53 gene may serve as an alternative mechanism of activating the pathogenesis of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mutations in the noncoding region of this gene should be further studied.     

胃癌中p53基因失活及其蛋白产物的免疫组化分析

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染，Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂我及免疫组化等方法同步研究２５例胃癌标本的ｐ５３基因突变，杂合性丢失及蛋白持表达，在２２例胃癌中同时获得有关ｐ５３基因突变和杂合性丢失的检测结果，被检出ｐ５３基因突变的５例胃癌中，２例伴有杂合性丢失，３例仅有ｐ５３基因突变。     

Germ-line transmission of a mutated p53 gene in a cancer-prone family with Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Tumour suppressor genes, whose usual function seems to be controlling normal cell proliferation, have been implicated in many inherited and sporadic forms of malignancies Much evidence supports the concept of tumour formation by loss-of-function mutations in suppressor genes, as predicted by the two-hit model of Knudson and DeMars. The suppressor gene, p53, is affected in such a manner by numerous mutations, which occur in a variety of human tumours. These mutations usually represent the loss of one allele and the substitution of a single base in the other. We have now analysed the p53 gene in a family affected by Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by the occurrence of diverse mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms at multiple sites. In some instances the neoplasms seem to be related to exposure to carcinogens, including ionizing radiation. The Li-Fraumeni family that we studied had noncancerous skin fibroblasts (NSF) with an unusual radiation-resistant phenotype. DNA derived from the NSF cells of four family members, spanning two generations, had the same point mutation in codon 245 (GGC----GAC) of the p53 gene. This mutation leads to substitution of aspartic acid for glycine in one of the regions identified as a frequent target of point mutations in p53. The NSF cell lines with the mutation also retained the normal p53 allele. This inherited p53 mutation may predispose the members of this family to increased susceptibility to cancer.     

Clonal expansion of p53 mutant cells is associated with brain tumour progression.

Tumour progression is a fundamental feature of the biology of cancer. Cancers do not arise de novo in their final form, but begin as small, indolent growths, which gradually acquire characteristics associated with malignancy. In the brain, for example, low-grade tumours (astrocytomas) evolve into faster growing, more dysplastic and invasive high-grade tumours (glioblastomas). To define the genetic events underlying brain tumour progression, we analysed the p53 gene in ten primary brain tumour pairs. Seven pairs consisted of tumours that were high grade both at presentation and recurrence (group A) and three pairs consisted of low-grade tumours that had progressed to higher grade tumours (group B). In group A pairs, four of the recurrent tumours contained a p53 gene mutation; in three of them, the same mutation was found in the primary tumour. In group B pairs, progression to high grade was associated with a p53 gene mutation. A subpopulation of cells were present in the low-grade tumours that contained the same p53 gene mutation predominant in the cells of the recurrent tumours that had progressed to glioblastoma. Thus, the histological progression of brain tumours was associated with a clonal expansion of cells that had previously acquired a mutation in the p53 gene, endowing them with a selective growth advantage. These experimental observations strongly support Nowell's clonal evolution model of tumour progression.     

头颈部鳞癌中p53-mdm2基因异常的研究

目的:检测头颈部鳞癌患者p53基因突变、mdm2基因扩增的状况,了解其与头颈部鳞癌患者的性别、鳞癌分级、淋巴结转移等的相关性及两异常基因的相关性。方法:收集50例行手术切除的头颈部鳞癌患者的新鲜肿瘤组织及其相应的癌旁正常组织,提取标本DNA;用PCR-SS-CP-银染法检测p53基因第5~8外显子的突变状况;用dPCR法检测mdm2基因扩增情况;采用SPSS 10.0统计软件包行2检验分析实验结果。结果:在50例头颈部鳞癌患者标本中,检测出17例存在p53基因突变,突变率为34%,所有的癌旁正常组织未发现p53基因突变;在50例鳞癌标本中检测出6例标本存在mdm2基因扩增,扩增率为12%,其中有一例同时存在p53基因突变;p53基因突变、mdm2基因扩增与患者的鳞癌分级、淋巴结转移、性别等相关性分析结果均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:p53基因突变与mdm2基因扩增在头颈部鳞癌中较常见,可能是头颈部鳞癌发生发展的主要分子机制。     

Interaction of hepatitis B virus with tumor suppressor gene p53: its significance and biological function

The mechanism of the interaction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with tumor suppressor p53 and its role in the hepatocar-cinogenesis have been studied by PCR-directed sequencing, gel shift assays and in situ ultraviolet cross-linking assay. The biological function of the interaction of HBV with p53 gene was investigated by co-transfection of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT) reporter gene. p53 and HBV DNA. and quantitative PCR. Among the 16 primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) samples. 13 were HBV-DNA positive. 10 HBxAg positive and 9 p53 protein positive. The p53 gene point mutation was found in 5 samples, one of which had a G to T substitution located at codon 249. After analyzing the HBV genome by a computer program, a p53 response element binding sequence was found in HBV genome at upstream of enhancer I. from 1047 to 1059 nucleotides. This sequence could specifically bind to p53 protein, increase p53 protein accumulation in the PHC cells and stimulate the transactivating activity of p53 and HBV replication . The results also revealed that HBxAg could combine with p53 protein to form a complex in the cells and enhance CAT expression. Immunocytochemical staining showed that p53 protein complex was located in the cytoplasm and the process of p53 entry to nuclei was. in part, blocked. From our results, we conclude that the mutation of p53 gene at codon 249 is infrequent in HBV-associated PHC. the DNA-protein binding between HBV and p53. and the protein-protein binding between HBxAg and p53 might lead to the reduction or inactivation of p53 protein, which in turn resulting in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.     

32例肿瘤组织中p53基因突变的PCR-SSCP、银染色检测

目的　检测肿瘤组织中 p5 3基因的突变率 ,探索其在肿瘤发展过程中的作用 .建立PCR SSCP检测 p5 3突变的常规方法 .方法　检测 32例癌组织和癌旁组织 .用盐沉淀制备样品DNA ,以p5 3基因exon7设计引物 ,用PCR SSCP结合银染色显示结果 .结果　 32例肿瘤标本检出阳性 9例 ,阳性率 2 8.1% .4例癌组织和癌旁组织均为阳性 .其中 2 2例胃癌 ,检出 4例阳性 (占 18.2 % ) ,双阳性者 2例 .结论　p5 3基因突变在肿瘤中具有普遍性 ,癌组织和癌旁组织双阳性者 ,与肿瘤的扩散有关 .该检测方法简便易行 ,有助于对 p5 3基因突变的扫描检测 .     

p53 mutant mice that display early ageing-associated phenotypes.

The p53 tumour suppressor is activated by numerous stressors to induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or senescence. To study the biological effects of altered p53 function, we generated mice with a deletion mutation in the first six exons of the p53 gene that express a truncated RNA capable of encoding a carboxy-terminal p53 fragment. This mutation confers phenotypes consistent with activated p53 rather than inactivated p53. Mutant (p53+/m) mice exhibit enhanced resistance to spontaneous tumours compared with wild-type (p53+/+) littermates. As p53+/m mice age, they display an early onset of phenotypes associated with ageing. These include reduced longevity, osteoporosis, generalized organ atrophy and a diminished stress tolerance. A second line of transgenic mice containing a temperature-sensitive mutant allele of p53 also exhibits early ageing phenotypes. These data suggest that p53 has a role in regulating organismal ageing.     

Mutations in the p53 gene occur in diverse human tumour types

The p53 gene has been a constant source of fascination since its discovery nearly a decade ago. Originally considered to be an oncogene, several convergent lines of research have indicated that the wild-type gene product actually functions as a tumour suppressor gene. For example, expression of the neoplastic phenotype is inhibited, rather than promoted, when rat cells are transfected with the murine wild-type p53 gene together with mutant p53 genes and/or other oncogenes. Moreover, in human tumours, the short arm of chromosome 17 is often deleted. In colorectal cancers, the smallest common region of deletion is centred at 17p13.1; this region harbours the p53 gene, and in two tumours examined in detail, the remaining (non-deleted) p53 alleles were found to contain mutations. This result was provocative because allelic deletion coupled with mutation of the remaining allele is a theoretical hallmark of tumour-suppressor genes. In the present report, we have attempted to determine the generality of this observation; that is, whether tumours with allelic deletions of chromosome 17p contain mutant p53 genes in the allele that is retained. Our results suggest that (1) most tumours with such allelic deletions contain p53 point mutations resulting in amino-acid substitutions, (2) such mutations are not confined to tumours with allelic deletion, but also occur in at least some tumours that have retained both parental 17p alleles, and (3) p53 gene mutations are clustered in four 'hot-spots' which exactly coincide with the four most highly conserved regions of the gene. These results suggest that p53 mutations play a role in the development of many common human malignancies.