Quantifying the evolutionary dynamics of language

Human language is based on grammatical rules. Cultural evolution allows these rules to change over time. Rules compete with each other: as new rules rise to prominence, old ones die away. To quantify the dynamics of language evolution, we studied the regularization of English verbs over the past 1,200 years. Although an elaborate system of productive conjugations existed in English's proto-Germanic ancestor, Modern English uses the dental suffix, '-ed', to signify past tense. Here we describe the emergence of this linguistic rule amidst the evolutionary decay of its exceptions, known to us as irregular verbs. We have generated a data set of verbs whose conjugations have been evolving for more than a millennium, tracking inflectional changes to 177 Old-English irregular verbs. Of these irregular verbs, 145 remained irregular in Middle English and 98 are still irregular today. We study how the rate of regularization depends on the frequency of word usage. The half-life of an irregular verb scales as the square root of its usage frequency: a verb that is 100 times less frequent regularizes 10 times as fast. Our study provides a quantitative analysis of the regularization process by which ancestral forms gradually yield to an emerging linguistic rule.     

从篇章语言学和认知语言学的角度解读Newmark的隐喻翻译

翻译的过程就是在原语和译语语言文化之间建立对等的过程,隐喻翻译的目标同样也是达到原语和译语表达的对等.由于现代语言学对隐喻现象的不重视,在翻译理论中隐喻的翻译也是一个弱项.从篇章语言学和认知语言学的角度讨论纽马克的隐喻翻译,分析了纽马克关于隐喻翻译的观点在现代翻译理论中具有的典型意义和其隐喻观导致的理论不足及原因.     

语言学及应用语言学2006年学科发展综论

本文试图通过大量数据统计将2006年语言学及应用语言学学科发展情况尽量真实客观地反映出来.统计内容主要为如下三方面:本学科本年度正式发表于全国各大学术期刊相关学术论文成果620多篇、出版的主要专著110多部、国家社科基金资助项目76个.语言学及应用语言学学科经过二三十年的分分合合,新的学术焦点不断涌现,对外汉语教学与研究、计算语言学、认知语言学、篇章功能语言学等研究成果层出不穷,预示着一个新的语言学格局将会呈现出来.     

语言学"革命"与文学研究的"语言学转向"

自20世纪初，现代语言学研究长足发展，研究成果层出不断，现代语言学的研究推动了文学及其它学科的发展。同时，由于现代语言学研究的影响，使文学研究文学创作中出现了过分看重语言因素，机械地搬用语言学模式的弊端，对文学创作文学研究发生着极影响。     

美学语言学视角下的委婉语研究

委婉语作为世界各民族普遍存在的语言现象,已经得到人们不同角度的研究与观照。文章拟从美学语言学这个新的视角对委婉语产生的原因、特点以及美学功能等方面加以分析。     

做语言学——博雅理念指导下的英语语言学教学改革研究

语言学课程教学在践行博雅教学理念的过程中起着重要的作用。在语言学课程定位、教学内容、教材编写、教学方法、评价机制等各方面我们都应该秉承博雅教育的精神,改变语言学教学不尽人意的现状,让学生学会“做语言学”,训练其科学的思维能力,从而根治英语专业学生的“思辨缺乏症”。     

运用对比语言学知识分析英语教学中的矛盾现象

在外语教学过程中,经常会用汉语的思维方式来给学生解释英语的语法现象,因为学生毕竞还是熟悉母语的。这期间,自然而然就会拿许多类似的汉语现象和英语现象作对比。具体应用对比语言学作为对比语言学的一个分支,就是来解释英汉在语言现象方面的差异的。     

试论叶斯柏森的语言学理论体系

本文从叶斯柏森的语言本质观出发,探讨了叶氏研究语言的基本原则和方法,粗略地勾勒出了叶氏的语言学理论体系.     

Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling of granular surface flow in rotating drums

Numerical simulations of granular flows in rotating drums operated at medium to high rates (Fr=0.1― 0.2) have been carried out by using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithm that incorporates inelastic particle interactions, sliding friction and rolling friction. The results indicate that the behavior of granular flow in rotating drums can be classified into two distinct zones: a shear active layer at the bed surface and a quasi-static plug flow region adjacent to the wall. The residence time of a tracer particle in the active layer is approximately a third or a half of that in the plug flow region. The thickness of the active layer at mid-chord is about 0.57―0.61 times that of the plug flow region. It is found that all cases simulated in this work are in the rolling-cascading intermediate regime instead of the pure rolling re-gime. The simulated tangential velocity at the mid-chord is also compared with experimental results reported in the literature and good agreement has been obtained. Based on the MD simulations and experimental results, a continuum approach has also been developed. It is shown that the behavior of granular solids in the plug flow region experiences plastic deformation along the radial direction from the wall with the velocity profiles well described by an exponential function, whereas the active layer velocity follows a simple expression for the Couette shear flow. Discussion has also been made on the granular temperature and concentration profiles.     

以现代语言学理论为基础的修辞学——也评《现代修辞学》

语言与言语的区分是现代语言学极为重视的基本理论问题.王德春先生的论著<现代修辞学>革新了传统修辞学的写作模式,以现代语言学理论为基础,从语言和言语这两个不同的角度,探讨修辞的性质和作用,并将重点放在以言语环境为基础,探寻话语整体和言语规律,从言语修养诸多方面将修辞研究提升到建构修辞理论的高度.<现代修辞学>是国内以现代语言学理论为基础的修辞学研究的开山之作,是为建立现代修辞学理论体系艰苦努力的研究成果.     

功能语言学视角下的语言学类论文英语标题的信息结构研究

恰当的标题可使文章有效指向目标读者,有助于提起读者兴趣并对文章做出选择。功能语言学派的信息结构理论对论文标题英译效果有着重要影响。信息中心分布在语言学类论文英译标题中呈现一定的特征规律,不同的主位结构导致标题信息的侧重点和传递效果的不同,了解信息结构在英语论文标题中的分布规律有助于语言学类学生写出或译出恰当的论文标题。     

Comments on the Short History of American Linguistics

This book is one of the Series of Mordern Linguistics and it is compiled by Zhao Shikai(赵世开).It offers the readers the general picture of American linguistic developing course.Generally speaking,the content of the book can be roughly divided into three parts.     

认知语言学的心理学基础

心理学对认知语言学的影响和贡献是巨大的,认知语言学中许多理论如范畴理论、图形背景理论、图式等都是直接或间接地从心理学中移植过来的。本文探讨了心理学对认知语言学的影响,指出认知语言学的心理学基础有：经验主义联想心理学,完形心理学,认知心理学。了解认知语言学的心理学渊源有助于更好地理解认知语言学的理论和原则。