新生物活性肽-daintain/AIF-1在乳腺癌中的表达

采用免疫组织化学两步法分析了乳腺癌组织蜡块切片中daintain／AIF-1的表达．93％的乳腺癌中都有该活性肽的分布,癌旁良性组织中则没有阳性染色或染色很浅．Daintain／AIF-1在乳腺病变级别不同组织中的表达差异很大：增生组织免疫后着黄色,重度不典型增生组织着橙黄色,癌组织则染成了棕褐色．进一步用RT-PCR检测发现,乳腺癌新鲜组织中能扩增出daintain／AIF-1的mRNA,而癌旁良性乳腺组织中的daintain／AIF-1 mRNA极微量,几乎看不到扩增的核酸条带．这些研究表明,daintain／AIF-1在乳腺癌中过量表达,可能在乳腺肿瘤的发展过程起到了促进作用．因此,提示daintain／AIF-1可作为乳腺癌病变早期诊断的一个参考指标。     

Suppression of murine breast cancer metastasis by selective inhibition of CXCR4 by synthetic polypeptide derived from viral macrophage inflammatory protein II

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) have been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. A significant association between HER2 and CXCR4 expression has been observed in human breast tumor tissues, and overexpression of CXCR4 is essential for HER2-mediated tumor metastasis. Moreover, CXCR4 expression is low in normal breast tissues and high in malignant tumors, suggesting that a blockade of CXCR4 may limit tumor metastasis. The present study investigated the action of a synthetic antagonist 21-mer peptide derived from viral macrophage inflammatory protein II against CXCR4 (NT21MP) in inhibiting metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that chemotaxis of SKBR3 cells toward SDF-1α was reduced by NT21MP in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). NT21MP inhibited tumor growth at 500 μg/kg and in combination with Herceptin, the anti-HER2 antibody. The in vivo metastatic assay showed that NT21MP significantly inhibited pulmonary metastasis, and the number of metastatic tumor nodes on the surface of the lung was greatly decreased. Compared with the saline-treated control group, PCNA expression was dose-dependently decreased by NT21MP, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased, and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated. In conclusion, NT21MP inhibits cellular prolifer-ation, promotes apoptosis by downregulating CXCR4 expression, and suppresses the progression of primary and metastatic tumors. CXCR4 may be a useful therapeutic target for breast cancer, and NT21MP may serve as a potential target drug for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.     

量子共振检测仪诊断肿瘤130例

采用量子共振检测仪,通过头发测定了80例恶性肿瘤患者、50例良性肿瘤患者和50例无肿瘤者的免疫功能、肿瘤、恶性肿瘤、良性肿瘤、发锌和病毒感染的代码量价。结果表明：癌症患者的免疫功能明显低于良性肿瘤患者和无肿瘤者（P＜0．001）,而病毒感染程度和发锌的含量明显高于良性肿瘤患者和无肿瘤者（P＜0．001）;恶性肿瘤患者的免疫功能过低、病毒感染程度和发锌含量过高,这些将是诱发癌症的重要因素,也是诱发良性肿瘤的因素。通过对受试者上述指标的检查,将为肿瘤的早期发现和早期诊断提供可靠的依据。     

密度梯度离心法检测脱落肿瘤细胞对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

胸腔积液是临床常见征象，其良恶性质的临别是临床上尚未解决的难题之一。本试验对３６例恶性胸腔，３０例结核性胸腔积液分别用密度梯度离心法，常规离心涂片法检测脱落肿瘤细胞，并对其中２２例恶性胸液患者行胸膜活组织检查。     

SD大鼠背景数据采集试验中自发性肿瘤的发生情况及分析

目的 SD大鼠是较为重要的实验大鼠品种之一,通过对其自发性肿瘤的类型和发生率的观察及统计,为临床前药物安全性评价工作提供了SD大鼠自发性肿瘤参照数据,对于开展临床前药物安全性评价工作,特别是长期毒性试验、致癌性试验及生殖试验尤为重要。方法本中心背景数据采集实验,将260只SPF级SD大鼠按体质量随机分为8组(A、B、C、D、E、F、G组和H组),并对应不同时期进行计划剖检(2、4、8、13、26、52、78周和104周),终止动物饲养时间为104周。结果在试验过程中,A、B、C、D、E组动物未见肿瘤发生,F、G、H组动物紧急剖检及计划剖检动物时发现肿瘤。动物剖检首次发现肿瘤时间为实验第24周,紧急剖检动物(动物约为30周龄)。共94只大鼠出现肿瘤,其中雌性59只、雄性35只。共检出肿瘤185例,良性肿瘤约占81. 1%,恶性肿瘤约占18. 9%,以良性肿瘤居多。最常见良性肿瘤为垂体前叶细胞腺瘤、乳腺纤维腺瘤。恶性肿瘤以乳腺癌、垂体前叶细胞腺癌、白血病、副泪腺癌发生居多,同时发现垂体前叶细胞腺癌、组织细胞肉瘤、白血病、支气管腺癌、乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤出现了对周围及全身组织脏器的转移。除明显自发性肿瘤发生外,还可见动物不同组织脏器的不典型增生和肝细胞变异灶。结论根据本中心SD大鼠背景数据采集试验结果,提示SD大鼠在30周龄后自发性肿瘤发生机率提高。肿瘤易发部位为垂体、乳腺、皮肤及皮下组织。常见自发性肿瘤为垂体前叶细胞腺瘤、乳腺纤维腺瘤等。雌性动物较雄性动物肿瘤发生率高。同时与国内外各研究机构的结果比较有一定的差异,可能大鼠自发性肿瘤类型及发生率与大鼠自身差异及饲养环境等有密切的联系。     

Overexpression of N-cadherin is correlated with metastasis and worse survival in colorectal cancer patients

N-cadherin is related to the progression and metastases of several solid carcinomas. However, it was still unclear whether N-cadherin is overexpressed in colorectal malignant tumors that have stronger malignant tendency. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression patterns of N-cadherin in both the primary tumors and their normal mucosa tissues of 120 patients with colorectal cancer. We revealed that N-cadherin was expressed in 78.3% (94/120) of colorectal tumor tissues and in only 9.2% (11/120) of paired distant normal mucosa tissues with a significant difference (P=0.000). The low, moderate, and high expression of N-cadherin protein was 42.5%, 30.8%, and 26.7%, respectively. N-cadherin overexpression was associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph nodes metastasis and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Patients with N-cadherin overexpressed showed the obvious lower overall survival rate than those with moderate and low expression, and patients with low expression had a better survival rate than those with moderate and high expression (P<0.05). In conclusion, high N-cadherin expression may lead to tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential in colorectal cancer, and may prove to be a possible prognostic factor.     

血管内皮生长因子表达及微血管密度与头颈肿瘤发展和转移的关系

研究血管内皮细胞生因子(VBGV)的表达及微血管密度(MVD)与头颈肿瘤发展及转移的关系.应用免疫组织化学S-P法,检测32例头颈恶性肿瘤、20例头颈良性肿瘤、16例头颈部无瘤组织石蜡标本组织中的血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的表达、微血管密度(MVD).头颈恶性肿瘤组织VEGF的表达及MVD明显高于头颈良性肿瘤及头颈无瘤组织(P<0.05),转移组比较非转移组高(P<0.05).此外,在头颈肿瘤的发展及转移中VEGF的表达及MVD具有显著的正相关关系(r=0.398,<0.05).VEGF与头颈肿瘤血管生成有密切关系;VEGF的表达和MVD的增高对头颈肿瘤发展及转移有促进作用,其检测有可能作为头颈肿瘤预后的指标.     

Diagnosis of prostate cancer by quantitative analysis of 3DMRSI data: A new model

Prostatecancer (PC)hasthehighestmorbidityrateinmaleurinarysystemdisordersinEuropeandAmerica ,anditisoneoftheprimaryreasonsofmaledeath[1] .InChina ,althoughtheattackofPCisrela tivelylow ,ithasa growingtrendinrecent 10years[2— 4 ] .Inclinicalpractice ,magneticresonanceimaging (MRI)could providehighresolutionmor phologicalstructureandhasthecapabilityofmulti parameterimaging ,butitcannotreliablydifferentiatePCfrombenignprostatehyperplasia (BPH)andnor maltissues ,particularlyforthepatientswi…     

针吸细胞学检查在乳腺癌诊断中的意义

目的：观察乳腺肿物针吸细胞学诊断与组织病理学检查的符合率。方法：对166例乳腺肿物吸出组织，经巴氏（Papanicolaou)染色，参照分级标准及良、恶性肿瘤组织细胞的形态进行了显微镜下早期诊断。结果：166例针吸细胞学诊断与组织病理检查诊断符合率为89.76%、灵敏度84．81％、特异度94．25％。其中良性肿瘤69例，假阴性12例（12．77％）；乳腺癌和高度怀疑有癌特征的97例，假阳性5例（6.94%)。结论：乳腺针吸细胞学检查在乳腺肿物的临床诊断中具有准确、可靠、安全、经济等重点意义，可以作为乳腺癌诊断的重要手段。     

Diagnosis of prostate cancer by quantitative analysis of 3DMRSI data: A new model

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3DMRSI) is helpful to identify prostate cancer (PC)from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and to show the distribution of tumor infiltration. Combined with the (Cho + Cre)/Cit ratio, the z-score model can effectively discriminate prostate cancer from stromal benign prostate hyperplasia (sBPH) and detect small malignant lesions (SML).     

P15——a new tumor suppressor gene

In addition to the tumor suppressor genes such as Rb and p53, it has been found that some molecules of the same class named CKI (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) also play an important role in the inhibition of tumorigenesis and the tumor progression. In the KIP and INK4 families of CKIs, p15 shares extensive homology with p16. Findings in many tumors and their cell lines show that the inactivation of p15 (deletion, mutation, rearrangement, etc.) is very frequent, and inactive p15 is involved in the progress of some tumors. These studies provide evidence that the p15 is a new tumor suppressor gene. Furthermore, the research on the molecular mechanism of p15 in regulation of cell proliferation shows that p15 can inhibit the growth of some kinds of tumor cells, and p15 is the mediator of TGF-β-induced cell arrest. Investigations on p15 in cell differentiation suggest that increased p15 is related to the change of malignant phenotype. These results supply clues for further interpretation about the molecular mechnism of cell cycle control and cell tumorigenesis. And they may provide theoretical and experimental basis for application of p15 to clinical therapy of tumors.     

人类腺体激肽释放酶2的研究进展

以往人们一直用前列腺特异性抗原(PSA）作为前列腺癌(Pca)的标志物，但是PsA缺乏特异性，在良性前列腺增生(BPH)时PsA也会增高．尤其是PsA在4—10ng/L范围内，就很难区分BPH和Pca，最近研究证明，人类腺体激肽释放酶2(hK2)及其相关指标对Pca的诊断更为准确，成为一种有前景的标志物，本文就hK2的生物学活性，hK2与Pca的关系，hK2的检测方法和hK2及其相关指标在Pca诊断中的应用作一综述。     

人乳腺离体肿瘤组织的ATR-FTIR谱鉴别方法的探索

衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)用于人乳腺离体肿瘤组织的研究是一种新的应用. 通过对38例人乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的衰减全反射红外光谱的对比研究发现,它们之间存在明显而规律的光谱差 异,反映了乳腺良、恶性病变组织中,蛋白质、核酸和脂类等生物大分子的构型与构象以及相对含量上的差别.研 究表明,ATR-FTIR可以从分子水平上揭示良、恶性肿瘤的分子结构信息,极有潜力成为一种临床原位诊断肿 瘤的新方法.     

AgNOR定量分析在气管镜刷片及痰涂片细胞学辅助诊断中的意义

目的:利用核仁组成区技术(AgNOR)区分良性、中～重度不典型增生及恶性细胞;并探讨AgNOR分型与癌细胞类型的关系.方法:应用胶银染色技术检测259例气管镜刷片及痰涂片.结果:良性细胞均数(2.94±0.74)与恶性细胞均数(9.96±2.46),差异极显著(P<0.001),说明产生假阳性的机会很小.良性细胞与中度不典型增生细胞均数(3.85±0.65)和重度不典型增生细胞均数(5.36±0.95)差异极显著(P<0.001),有助于识别可疑癌细胞,鳞状细胞癌与腺癌和小细胞癌,腺癌与小细胞癌间差异显著(P<0.05),提示癌细胞的类型不同,AgNOR类型也有差异.AgNOR在腺癌细胞中颗粒粗大,色深;在鳞癌和小细胞癌中颗粒多为弥散型,细小,色浅.用AgNOR计数标准判断良恶性,其敏感性为97.1%,特异性为95.4%.结论:细胞学普通染色诊断困难时,AgNOR银染技术可以辅助诊断.AgNOR分型与癌细胞类型有显著相关性(P<0.05).     

Differential expression analysis of matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) in human esophageal cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate the different expressions of MMP20 in the process of esophageal cancer. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were employed to detect the mRNA expression and protein expression of MMP20. Compared with the corresponding normal esophagus tissues, results showed the common trend of the dramatical overexpression of MMP20 in the esophageal cancer tissues. The analysis of MMP20 expression in different clinical early stages of esophageal cancer by RT-PCR indicated that MMP20 was much more overexpressed in the esophageal cancer with invasion than in the early stages. This suggested that MMP20 might play an important role in the progression of esophageal cancer. It probably plays a critical role in tumor invasion.     

Effects of soy isoflavone extracts on the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in ovariectomized nude mice

In this study, we explored the effects of soy isoflavone extracts on the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice. The ovariectomized athymic mice were implanted with MCF-7 cells. They were fed with low, moderate and high doses of soy isoflavone extracts, at dietary concentrations of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 g/kg, respectively. The expression of ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The pS ₂ expression in tumors was analyzed by real-time PCR. Estrogen level in the serum was measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Compared with the control group, dietary soy isoflavone extracts had a significant stimulatory effect on MCF-7 tumor growth in mice (P < 0.05). The ki-67 and pS ₂ mRNA expressions in tumors were significantly increased by 6.25 and 12.5 g/kg dose of soy isoflavone extracts (P < 0.05). And, estrogen level in serum of 6.25 and 12.5 g/kg dose groups was higher than that of control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, in the tested dietary concentration range soy isoflavone extracts had a stimulatory effect on tumor growth. 6.25 and 12.5 g/kg doses of soy isoflavone extracts can increase the cell proliferation in tumors and induce estrogen-responsive pS2 expression. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30572133)     

Functional Imaging of Breast Tissue and Clinical Application

0Introduction Near infrared(NIR)techniquesarebasedonsensitive,quantitativemeasurementsoffunctionalcontrastbe tweenhealthyanddiseasedtissue.Recently,researchersshowgreatinterestinmeasuringfunctionalpropertiesofbreasttis suesuchashemoglobinconcentrationoroxygensaturationbyNIRspectroscopyandNIRimaging[1,2].NIRlightcanpene trateseveralcentimetersintotissuebeforeitisattenuatedbe lowdetection.ThemainintrinsicmechanismsofNIRlightat tenuationintissuearethescatteringduetoindexofrefractionvariatio…     

原发性肝癌早期的实验室诊断分析

原发性肝癌是目前世界上致死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,且发病率有逐年上升的趋势.血清肿瘤标志物对肝癌的早期诊断、肿瘤进展的监测、疗效判定、复发和患者生存率的判断具有重要意义,临床常用的实验室血清标志物有甲胎蛋白、异常凝血酶原、血清铁蛋白α-L岩藻糖苷酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)及其同工酶、人高尔基蛋白73、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚...     

低氧条件下巨噬细胞分泌CCL22促进三阴乳腺癌转移

三阴乳腺癌(Triple Negative Breast Cancer, TNBC)是乳腺癌中恶性程度最高的一种亚型，表现为很高的转移潜能。巨噬细胞，即肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(Tumor-Associated Macrophages, TAM)，在促进TNBC转移中起了重要作用。乳腺癌作为一种实体肿瘤，往往处于缺氧环境中。低氧环境能够促进癌细胞的转移，然而低氧环境中巨噬细胞在促进肿瘤转移中的作用仍然不清楚。在该研究中，THP1细胞被诱导成TAM，经过缺氧培养后，通过Transwell实验检测其促进三阴乳腺癌细胞BT-549和MDA-MB-231的细胞迁移能力；通过尾静脉注射，将MDA-MB-231细胞移植于祼鼠体内，CT扫描，分析了TAM促进TNBC细胞的器官转移能力；通过ELISA实验检测低氧对TAM分泌的肿瘤转移相关因子的影响，通过GDSC在线软件分析了CCL22受体CCR4和其他CCR在乳腺癌组织与正常组织中表达的差异。结果表明低氧条件下巨噬细胞通过分泌CCL22的表达来促进三阴乳腺癌细胞迁移:经过缺氧培养后的TAM显著增强了TNBC细胞迁移能力，以及促进癌细胞在体内向肺转移；低氧诱导TAM分泌CCL22；CCL22受体CCR4在乳腺癌组织中的表达显著高于在正常组织中的。