Speciation of the genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 (Trilobita) from the late Early Cambrian and its stratigraphic significance

The genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 is revised, and Halipanktos Balker & Peel, 1997 is suggested here as a senior synonym. The subgenus Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al. , 1974 is considered as a separate genus. Of the 20 previously assigned species of Arthricocephaius (Arthricocephalus) Bergeron, 1899, Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al. , 1974, Arthricocephalus (Euarthricocephalus) Ju, 1983 are lumped into eight species. The speciation trend of Arthricocephalus and Arthricocephalites is demonstrated based on their stratigraphic occurrences. It not only enhances the resolution of the biostatigraphic zonation in the uppermost Lower Cambrian, but also represents a potential candidate to define the Duyunian stage. The base of the stage is suggested at the first appearance datum (FAD) of Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899 within the evolutionary lineage from Ar. jiangkouensis Yin in Yin & Li, 1978 to Ar. chauveaui in a global scale.     

贵州早寒武世黑色页岩地球化学特征及其意义

贵州早寒武世早期普遍存在一套黑色页岩。通过对麻江羊跳、铜仁、遵义中南、遵义松林小竹、天柱大公塘剖面实地考察与地球化学分析,认为贵州早寒武世黑色页岩是在缺氧环境下,热水沉积为主导,同时受陆源强烈影响,是海水、生物和地球深部物质共同作用下形成的.     

δ13Ccarb and Ceanom excursions in the post-glacial Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian interval in Guizhou,South China

Secular δ 13Ccarb and Ceanom profiles in the post-glacial Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian interval are reported from Guizhou on the southeasten border of the Yangtze platform, South China. Overall, the δ 13Ccarb profile drifts to negative values in the post-glacial Nantuo and lower to middle Doushantuo Formations, and then to positive values in the upper Doushantuo and Dengying Formations of Neoproterozoic, followed by negative values in the Lower Cambrian Gezhongwu and Niutitang Formations. A detailed investigation of the relationship between the δ 13Ccarb and Ceanom profiles reveals that the main anoxic and oxic episodes are coupled with negative and positive δ 13Ccarb values, respectively. This may suggest a control of alternation between ocean stratification and mixing on variations in 13C abundance in the ancient ocean of the investigated areas.     

Speciation of the genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 (Trilobita) from the late Early Cambrian and its stratigraphic significance

The genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 is revised, and Halipanktos Balker & Peel, 1997 is suggested here as a senior synonym. The subgenus Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al., 1974 is considered as a separate genus. Of the 20 previously assigned species of Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalus) Bergeron, 1899, Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al., 1974, Arthricocephalus (Euarthricocephalus) Ju, 1983 are lumped into eight species. The speciation trend of Arthricocephalus and Arthricocephalites is demonstrated based on their stratigraphic occurrences. It not only enhances the resolution of the biostatigraphic zonation in the uppermost Lower Cambrian, but also represents a potential candidate to define the Duyunian stage. The base of the stage is suggested at the first appearance datum (FAD) of Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899 within the evolutionary lineage from Ar. jiangkouensis Yin in Yin & Li,1978 to Ar. chauveaui in a global scale.     

寒武纪叶足动物与现生有爪类的亲缘关系再讨论

目的 对位于中国云南省东部的早寒武世澄江化石库保存的软躯体构造的叶足动物化石进行系统研究,探究叶足动物这一灭绝类群与现生有爪类的亲缘关系.方法 将叶足动物化石与现生有爪类进行形态对比分析,详细讨论它们之间可能的近裔特征,从生物演化角度系统探究两者之间的亲缘关系.结果 叶足动物与现生有爪类亲缘关系相对较远.结论 现生有爪类极有可能是叶足动物演化过程中的一个侧支.     

Eocrinoid echinoderms from the Lower Cambrian Guanshan Fauna in Wuding, Yunnan, China

This is a brief report of a new occurrence of eocrinoids from the Early Cambrian Wulongqing Formation in Yunnan, China. The eocrinoids from the Guanshan fauna are among the earliest known eocrinoids. Different from many other Early and Middle Cambrian eocrinoids, the Guanshan eocrinoids are char-acterized by the absence of sutural pores and epispires, the long and spiral brachioles, the extremely long stalk, and the ratio of the length of the stalk versus that of the calyx. The discovery of the eocri-noids from the Guanshan fauna not only provides new information to the investigation of the early evolution of this animal group, but also shed new light on the occurrence and migration of early eocrinoids.     

Bathynotus: A key trilobite taxon for global stratigraphic boundary correlation between Cambrian Series 2 and Cambrian Series 3

The Cambrian trilobite Bathynotus is a special morphology of Redlichiid,which is characterized by a wider thorax axis and an 11th macropleural segment bearing a long,backwardly directed spine.Additionally,its 12th and 13th pleural segments are narrow and they terminate at a fulcrum where they fuse together and to the posterior edge of the long macropleural spine.The genus is widely distributed,occurring in North America,Siberia,the Altay-Sayan fold belt of Russia,South China,the Tarim Basin of China,and Australia.It occurs primarily in deposits of the upper part of the continental slope,at the transition between stable platform settings and subsiding margins of the late Early Cambrian.Here,we recognize three species of Bathynotus from China,including B.holopygus which is widespread around the world.Although six species of Bathynotus have been reported from Siberia and the Altay-Sayan fold belt area of Russia,data presented here suggest that only three of these species are valid.Bathynotus exhibits a short geological range,with its first occurrence late in the unnamed Cambrian Series 2 and the last appearance datum of Bathynotus at the boundary of Cambrian Series 2 and Cambrian Series 3.The late appearance datum (LAD) of Bathynotus provides an important global stratigraphic marker of the boundary between Cambrian Series 2 and Cambrian Series 3.     

华南早石炭世亚鳞木属(Sublepidodendron)植物研究及其分类学意义

描述了湖北省长阳县资丘镇淋湘溪剖面下石炭统高骊山组的两种亚鳞木属(Sublepidodendron)植物——奇异亚鳞木(S.mirabile)和松滋亚鳞木(S.songziense)以及相关的生殖器官和根器官。重新认识了这两个种的叶座形态,进一步确认了亚鳞木属的整体植物性状。详细比较了奇异亚鳞木、松滋亚鳞木和葛利普亚鳞木的生物学特征,讨论了我国亚鳞木属的分类,并提出了新的归并方案。     

Plankton from Early Cambrian black shale series on the Yangtze Platform, and its influences on lithologies

Blackshalesandcherts ,containingnodularphosphoritesandorelayers[1] arecommonintheEar lyCambriandeeperwaterfaciesoftheYangtzePlat form[2 ] andoffera goodchanceformicropaleonto logicalresearchusingtechniquesofchemicaldissolu tion ,peelingandsectioning .Wetriedtoseparateandinvestigateoceanicplanktoncommunitiesfrombitu minous,“deeperwater”chert ,blackshale andphosphoritelithologies ,andtodocumenttheirpreser vationandinfluencesonthecompositionofthesedi ments .Thepresentpaperaimsatgivingareportof…     

The earliest-known ancestors of Recent Priapulomorpha from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstaette

The taxonomy of an early ancestor of Recent Priapulidae, Xiaoheiqingella peculiaris (= Yunnanpriapulus halteroformis Huang et al., 2004) from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fossil Lagerstaette, is revised. Morphological characters comprise a pair of caudal appendages rather than a single appendage flanking the trunk end and a possible urogenital duct found inside the preanal region. An additional extremely rare fossil priapulid worm, Paratubiluchus bicaudatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is also described herein. Its diagnostic characters are: an introvert bearing 25 longitudinal rows of scalids, a distinct neck region, no annulus on the oval trunk, and a pair of caudal appendages. The proportion of body parts is similar in size to that of loricate larvae of Recent priapulids and larva-formed Palaeopriapulitidae. Taking account of the features of Xiaoheiqingella, bicaudal appendages are considered to be a synapomorphy of Priapulidae and Tubiluchidae. Paratubiluchus gen. nov. is most likely a candidate for the ancestor of the Tubiluchidae; it probably originated from a larva-formed priapulid with 25 rows of scalids, thus representing an intermediate link between the priapulids in mature-form and the priapulids with lorica.     

Paleoceangraphic significance of redox-sensitive metals of black shales in the basal Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Guizhou Province, South China

TheLowerCambrianblackshalesequenceoccursinSouthChinaalonganarc parallellinearbeltex tendingmorethan 16 0 0km .Theseorganic richblackshalesformedinvariousmarineenvironmentsandtypicallycontainhigheramountsofmolybdenum ,nickel,vanadium ,andanumberofothereconomical lyimportantmetalsthandoanyothersedimentaryrocks[1,2 ] .Therefore ,thestudyoftheseblackshaleshasnotonlypaleoceangraphicimplicationbutalsoe conomicsignificance .Marinesedimentssuchasblackshalearecom plexmixturesofdetritalphasesandseawat…     

Lower Cambrian phosphatized Punctatus from southern Shaanxi and their ontogeny sequence

Phosphatized and three-dimensionally preserved embryos and spherical fossils of metazoan recovered from the Kuanchuanpu Member, Dengying Formation in southern Shaanxi, China provide nice devel- opmental sequence for the studies of origination, taxonomy, phylogenic evolution and developmental biology of early animals. Ontogeny of these larva fossils has not been systemically studied mainly due to their poor preservation and limited identification. The Kuanchuanpu Member, predominated by phosphorites and cherts, yields phosphatized animal embryos, particularly those of Olivooides and Punctatus which have high resolution in fine structures and different ontogeny developmental stages. An ontogenetic sequence of the Punctatus is established mainly base on its developmental transitions from body part to oral one, which is perfectly consistent with the embryonic ontogeny sequence pro- posed by Bengtson and Yue (1997). Furthermore, a new genus Quadrapyrgites gen. nov is erected to receive a larva with tetraradial body plan.     

Stable isotopic geochemistry of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur from the Early Cambrian black shales in Northwestern Hunan, China

The early Cambrian black shale sequence in Northwestern Hunan Province has been investigated for its stable isotopic geochemistry of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur. The relatively low δ 13C values of organic matter, -29.7‰～-34.2‰, are interpreted as caused by the high CO2 concentration in atmosphere/ocean and an anoxic depositional environment in early Cambrian. Variable, but significantly positive δ 34S values, 10.2‰～ 28.2‰, for sedimentary pyrite reveals bacterial sulfate reduction as the pyrite-forming process but under sulfate-limited conditions. A protected anoxic basin, which had very limited access to open ocean, and its sediments, where metabolizable organic matter was rich and bioturbation was absent, are supposed to be the sulfate-limited environments and might have existed in South China in the early Cambrian.     

南华北盆地上寒武统白云岩岩石学与地球化学特征及其成因探讨

南华北地区上寒武统白云岩发育,按结构-成因划分为:晶粒白云岩、残余粒屑白云岩及藻(层纹石、叠层石)白云岩等.应用岩石学与地球化学方法,对其成因进行了探讨.晶粒白云岩伴生矿物少,偶见黄铁矿,阴极发光为中-弱橘红色光,Sr含量较低,该种白云岩为埋藏白云岩;残余粒屑白云岩中含有生物碎屑、内碎屑、藻屑等颗粒组分,白云石矿物表面污浊,阴极射线下呈中弱亮度橙红色,锶值低,接近于零,为成岩阶段早-中期浅埋地下混合水潜流带环境生成;藻白云岩具有纹层、藻叠层等构造,白云石细小,阴极射线下暗红褐色,锶值高,反映交代介质仍然是超盐度咸水,为水上蒸发环境下同生—准同生白云岩.     

On the genetic classification and tectonic implications of the Early Yanshanian granitoids in the Nanling Range, South China

Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) granitoids are widespread in the Nanling Range of South China, and are associated with numerous non-ferrous and rare metal mineral deposits. These granitoids consist mainly of slightly peraluminous biotite monzogranites and K-feldspar granites that are closely associated in time and space with subordinate amphibole-bearing granites and muscoviteand garnet-bearing granites. In most previous studies, the biotite-bearing granites were classified as crustal transformation-type (corresponding to the S-type) granites which were interpreted to be derived from the regional Paleoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks. In this paper, we re-analyze the geochemical characteristics of a number of representative Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoids. There exists a clear negative correlation between SiO2 and P2O5 for the studied granitoids. The Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoid suites (including amphibole-bearing granodiorites→biotite monzogranites→K-feldspar granites→two-mica (muscovite) granites) are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous I-type or fractionated I-type granites. They were derived predominantly from Proterozoic igneous protoliths. The juvenile crust and/or newly mantle-derived materials might also have been involved in some of these granites. In addition, the Iand fractionated I-type granites are closely associated in time and space with minor amount of A-type felsic and mafic volcanic and intrusive rocks as well as alkaline rocks. All these rocks constitute a typical assemblage of anorogenic, intraplate magmatism, suggesting a dominant lithospheric extensional regime for the Nanling Range and neighboring region during the Early Yanshanian period.     

东北地区早石炭世岩相古地理研究

利用野外实测剖面资料和区域地质资料,在地层划分对比和构造格局研究的基础上,从点—线—面的沉积相分析入手,将早石炭世分为杜内期、维宪期—谢尔普霍夫期两个编图单元进行岩相古地理编图,恢复了东北地区早石炭世的岩相古地理面貌。研究表明,早石炭世东北地区主要发育台地沉积体系(其中,碳酸盐台地沉积体系主要在杜内期发育)、浅海陆棚沉积体系、障壁海岸沉积体系及河流沉积体系。研究区存在佳木斯、漠河和松辽三个主要的古陆区。杜内期,研究区可分为两个海区,北部称加格达奇—海拉尔海区,南部为东西向的锡林浩特—吉林海区;维宪期,研究区南部的兴安海槽呈一东西向狭窄的海域,海侵方向自东向西,一直可达内蒙古赤峰、敖汉旗一带,仍保持杜内期海域的特征;谢尔普霍夫期,研究区内大兴安岭强烈隆升,北部全部隆起,海域消失。     

京津晋冀寒武系第三统鲕粒灰岩特征及其环境意义

京津晋冀地区是华北板块的主体,该区寒武系第三统以鲕粒灰岩的广泛发育为特点。通过野外露头剖面和室内薄片观察,对研究区鲕粒灰岩空间展布和鲕粒类型进行了详细研究。鲕粒灰岩从东到西出现的层位逐渐抬高,具有明显的穿时性。大型鲕滩呈向西凸出的弧形带状分布,鲕滩带主体由同心鲕鲕粒灰岩组成,鲕滩带西侧鲕粒灰岩厚度迅速减小,鲕粒以放射鲕...     

中国长足寄蝇属分类学研究(双翅目:寄蝇科)

寄蝇科的卵或幼虫寄生于其他昆虫 ,是农林业害虫的重要天敌 .长足寄蝇属主要寄生于土壤中生活的鞘翅目金龟子总科幼虫体内 ,分布于古北区 ,东洋区和非洲区 ,已知约 4 0余种 .本属在东亚和东洋区 ,原始文献分散 ,描述简单 ,缺乏系统研究 .在对该地区产长足寄蝇族系统研究过程中 ,作者整理、鉴定出中国产长足寄蝇属 13种 ,包括 5新种 (另文发表 ) ,2新异名 :Suma trodexiaincisuralisBaranov ,syn .n .被订正为卡德长足寄蝇DexiacaldwelliCurran ;Phasiodexiafor mosanaTownsend ,syn .nov .为黄长足寄蝇Dexiaflavida (Townsend) ,3中国新记录种 :巨长足寄蝇DexiaextendensWalker,广长足寄蝇D .fulviferaRoder和腹长足寄蝇D .ventralisAldrich ,报告了7种已知中国产长足寄蝇 ,并编制了该属 15种检索表