响应面法优化微波修复萘污染土壤工艺参数的研究

为了探究石油污染土壤微波修复最适宜的工艺参数，选取石油污染土壤中典型的半挥发性有机物萘（naphthalene，NAP）为目标污染物，以模拟萘污染的土壤为供试土壤，采用微波（f=2.45 GHz）对其进行修复。在单因素试验基础上，采用响应面法Box-Behnken实验设计，以NAP去除率为响应值，建立了以微波功率、辐照时间、土层厚度和土壤含水率为影响因子的二次多元回归模型。结果表明：模型经方差分析（ANOVA）结果达到极显著水平，其中微波功率的影响最为显著；得到最佳的工艺参数为微波功率768 W、辐照时间19 min、土层厚度3.2 cm、含水率16%，此条件下NAP去除率为97.3%；验证实验结果NAP去除率为97.0%，与模型预测结果仅偏差0.31%。利用响应面法优化的微波修复NAP污染土壤的工艺参数合理可行，研究结果可为微波土壤修复技术的工业化应用提供数据支持。     

DDT污染土壤的修复技术

采用超声-微波协同技术对实际双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDT)污染土壤进行修复,考察水相介质、碱浓度、水投加量、微波电功率、反应时间对DDT去除效果的影响。结果表明:这种修复技术可以有效地去除污染土壤中的2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-三氯乙烷(p,p’-DDT)和二氯二苯二氯代甲烷(p,p’-DDD),降低土壤的毒性。碱性介质的投加更有利于DDT污染土壤毒性的降低,对于20 g污染土壤,最佳碱浓度为6 mol/L;最佳水投加量为4 mL;电功率的提高,不仅可以提高p,p’-DDT、p,p’-DDD的去除效果,还可以去除p,p’-DDT、p,p’-DDD在降解过程中生成的2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-二氯乙烯(p,p’-DDE);最优反应时间为4 min。     

微波加热土壤特性及其影响因素实验研究

本实验以含水土壤为研究对象,研究了微波加热的影响因素.研究的影响因素主要包括含水率、质量、功率和吸波介质,经过分析得到了各个因素影响微波加热的能力.根据各因素影响能力的不同,对微波修复石油污染土壤做了定性的讨论.     

以菌糠为调理剂的柴油污染土壤堆肥技术

以老化的柴油污染土壤为供试土壤,以菌糠为调理剂,在模拟实验条件下,进行了为期90d的柴油污染土壤的堆肥研究,分别于堆肥进行的第30、60和90d采集土壤样品,分析土壤的总石油烃残留量和细菌与真菌的数量,探讨不同的菌糠投加比例、外源降解菌接种等因素对柴油污染土壤中石油烃污染物去除效率的影响,并对堆肥过程中堆体微生物数量的动态进行监测分析．研究结果表明,菌糠的添加显著促进了柴油污染土壤中石油烃的生物修复效率,经过90d的堆肥处理,总石油烃的去除率最高达73％．菌糠投加比例也对总石油烃去除率有明显的影响,随着菌糠与土壤体积比的提高,柴油污染土壤中总石油烃的去除率随之增加．外源高效降解菌的添加能显著提高柴油污染土壤中总石油烃污染物的去除率（p〈0．05）．     

筛选降解菌堆肥修复毒死蜱污染土壤

提出了一种对毒死蜱污染土壤的生物修复方法.该方法主要从土壤中筛选出一株适合接种到堆肥体系中的毒死蜱降解菌Y3,并采用4个堆制体系考察在接种与不接种菌株Y3的两种堆肥化条件下,土壤中残留的毒死蜱对堆肥进程的影响和毒死蜱的降解情况.结果表明不接种降解菌Y3的堆制B能够在40 d的堆制时间内达到腐熟,并且在堆制第32 d时使土壤中的毒死蜱被完全降解.接种降解菌Y3的堆制C能够更快消除堆肥中植物毒性,减少堆肥腐熟的时间,并且使毒死蜱被完全降解的时间缩短了12 d,接种筛选的降解菌Y3堆肥修复毒死蜱污染土壤的方法切实可行.     

枯草芽孢杆菌对早熟禾和紫花苜蓿修复镉污染土壤的强化作用

植物-微生物联合修复是一种经济可行且生态良好的重金属污染土壤修复方法.通过盆栽试验,探究接种枯草芽孢杆菌对两种草坪植物(早熟禾、紫花苜蓿)去除土壤中镉效率的影响及机制.结果表明,种植早熟禾时,枯草芽孢杆菌能够阻隔早熟禾吸收镉,显著提高生物量,增加土壤酶活性,降低土壤有效态镉含量,并且将土壤中总镉的去除率提高约49％;对于紫花苜蓿,枯草芽孢杆菌能够促进紫花苜蓿吸收镉,显著提高生物量,增加土壤酶活性、微生物物种多样性以及有效态镉含量,并且将土壤中总镉去除率提高约140％.可见,接种枯草芽孢杆菌对两种草坪植物修复镉污染土壤均表现出显著的强化作用,而且能够改善只种植紫花苜蓿造成的土壤微生态环境破坏.研究接种枯草芽孢杆菌对两种草坪植物不同的影响和强化机制将为重金属污染场地的植物-微生物修复策略的制订与实施提供理论支持.     

柠檬酸对重金属复合污染土壤的淋洗修复效果与机理

土壤淋洗修复是永久性的污染土壤修复方法之一.以Cd、Cu、Pb复合污染土壤为研究对象,采用振荡淋洗法结合形态分析技术研究了柠檬酸对重金属复合污染土壤的淋洗修复效果及其去除机理.结果表明,柠檬酸对复合污染土壤中的Cd和Cu具有较好的洗脱效果,而Pb的淋洗去除率相对较低.80mmol.L-1的柠檬酸对Cd、Cu、Pb的去除率分别能够达到90.4%、82.5%和38.6%.柠檬酸淋洗去除的重金属在土壤中主要以可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态的形式存在.     

补白$微波加热煤储层的共轭传热模型

为研究微波和常规加热时煤储层内温度场的演化规律及储层瓦斯解吸量的变化规律,采用理论分析和数值模拟的试验方法,构建了以岩石SEM图像为几何特征,瓦斯和煤基质块体为传热介质的共轭传热模型,对比了常规加热和微波功率为1W 3W 5W 7W时温度场的演化过程.结果表明:微波加热时热量由煤储层内向外传递,传热速率是常规加热的1.5倍,且传热速率与微波功率呈对数增长关系;温度场的分布在微波电场传播方向上具有明显的阶段性和区域分布不均匀性,在距离微波端口处温度值最大,随距离增加温度值快速降低;在端口附近200 um的范围内温度的极差值是中部区域的14倍;瓦斯的吸附量随功率的增大基本呈线性递减关系.     

微波加热煤储层的共轭传热模型

为研究微波和常规加热时煤储层内温度场的演化规律及储层瓦斯解吸量的变化规律,采用理论分析和数值模拟的试验方法,构建以岩石SEM图像为几何特征,瓦斯和煤基质块体为传热介质的共轭传热模型,对比常规加热和微波功率为1W、3W、5W和7W时温度场的演化过程.结果表明:微波加热时热量由煤储层内向外传递,传热速率是常规加热的1.5倍,且传热速率与微波功率呈对数增长关系;温度场的分布在微波电场传播方向上具有明显的阶段性和区域分布不均匀性,在距离微波端口处温度值最大,随距离增加温度值快速降低;在端口附近200μm的范围内温度的极差值是中部区域的14倍;瓦斯的吸附量随功率的增大基本呈线性递减关系.     

人为石油污染土壤紫花苜蓿田间修复试验

选择校园清洁区土壤,采用陇东石油开采、加工地区常见的牧草紫花苜蓿进行人工石油污染土壤的植物修复田间试验,探讨其对西北干旱地区石油污染土壤植物修复的可行性.结果表明:种植空白组和种植苜蓿组土壤石油污染物残留量、去除量均随着土壤石油污染物投配量的增加而增加,两者正相关关系特别显著,反映了投配量对石油污染物残留量和去除量的巨大影响.土壤石油污染物去除率,种植空白组为21.43%～54.17%、种植苜蓿组为91.08%～96.07%,种植空白组土壤石油污染物去除率仅为种植苜蓿组的0.23～0.59倍,显示石油污染土壤尽管存在一定程度的自然降解,但是紫花苜蓿的修复作用依然很显著;施肥对种植苜蓿组土壤扣除空白石油污染物残留量影响很大,施肥组仅为不施肥组的0.61倍,显示施肥有助于种植苜蓿组土壤石油污染物的去除.可见,紫花苜蓿对石油污染土壤有很好的修复效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has