铁素体中Ce与P晶界共偏聚的化学状态

用XPS结合计算机模拟研究了Ce与P在铁素体晶界上的偏聚状态。结果表明:当晶界P偏聚浓度较低,并以固溶态存在时,Ce对P的化学状态影响较小;当P的晶界浓度较高时,并以不同的化学状态存在时,Ce的影响较大,较多的Ce会改变P的化学状态。计算机模拟表明,晶界上P的化学状态取决于其偏聚结构。     

铁素本中Ce与P晶界共偏聚的化学状态

用XPS结合计算机模拟了Ce与P在铁素体晶界上的偏聚状态，结果表明：当晶界P偏聚浓度较低，并以固溶态存在时，Ce对P的化学状态影响较小，当P的晶界浓度较高时，并以不同的化学状态存在时，Ce的影响较大，较多的Ce会改变P的化学状态，计算机模拟表明，晶界上P的化学状态取决于其偏聚结构。     

应力作用下2.25Cr-1Mo钢中磷的晶界偏聚

对加氢反应器随炉运行试样在146.67MPa的作用应力下,分别进行125、200和400h的等温回火脆化试验,然后对试验后试样进行俄歇电子能谱分析试验(AES),得到有、无应力下杂质元素P原子的晶界偏聚量.结果表明:有应力作用下的P原子的晶界偏聚量要比无应力下的要低,且冲击试样的断口形貌与晶界P原子的偏聚结果相一致.导致加氢反应器材料2.25Cr-1Mo钢回火脆化主要原因是P原子在晶界偏聚所致,而作用应力对杂质P原子的偏聚有一定的影响,并且起到抑制作用,且随着保温时间的增加,这种作用不断加强.     

RPV模拟钢热时效过程中碳化物与基体界面元素的偏聚

研究不同磷含量的反应堆压力容器(reactor pressure vessel, RPV)模拟钢在880 ºC固溶, 400 ºC不同时间时效后碳化物周围元素的偏聚. 结果表明, 低磷和高磷模拟钢在时效过程中均发现板条内碳化物与基体界面处存在磷偏聚, 偏聚程度与晶界一致. 高磷样品时效150 h, P, Si和C同时在厚度约为20 nm的范围内富集, 其浓度为基体的2倍; 高磷样品时效500 h, 在Fe₃C与基体的界面处分别存在厚度为7 nm的P和Si偏聚层, 其中P偏聚在近Fe₃C一侧, Si偏聚在近基体一侧, Si的偏聚阻碍了碳化物的长大.     

锰对结构钢中磷在晶界偏聚的影响

作者通过 IMA—Ⅱ型离子探针和萃取分析等实验方法,研究了锰对磷在晶界上偏聚量的影响。结果表明,锰和磷的共偏聚作用控制着磷的晶界偏聚量,而基体中锰的固溶量又控制着这种共偏聚作用,从而控制着含锰结构钢韧脆转变温度的高低。脆化初期,锰和磷向晶界的偏聚作用强,使韧脆转变温度升高。随着回火脆化时间增加,锰和磷向晶界的偏聚趋于平衡,与此同时,锰不断溶入渗碳体,使磷发生共偏聚的基体固溶锰量降低,又使磷从晶界上解聚,导致韧脆转变温度降低。     

金属间化合物Ni3Al中的硼晶界偏聚特性的AES研究

本文应用俄歇能谱仪研究了不同化学计量比ＮｉＡｌ金属间化合物硼在晶界偏聚的特性。研究结果表明：硼在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的各个晶界偏聚存在着不均匀性，硼在晶界的偏聚范围只有几个原子层，晶界结构及晶界化学环境是影响在晶界偏聚的决定因素。     

溶质原子晶界偏聚动力学过程的数值模拟

建立了溶质原子在晶界的平衡偏聚、非平衡偏聚、晶界偏聚溶质向沉淀析出转化以及冷却速度等因素的晶界偏聚物理模型和数学模型.模型考虑了晶界及晶界附近扩展畸变区对溶质的吸附作用和吸附能力.对含硼0.001 0%的Fe-40%Ni-B合金体系从1 150℃连续冷却到640℃的过程中硼的晶界偏聚状态进行了模拟计算.计算表明,晶界区域硼富集因子在降温初期增加较快,随后增幅变缓,模拟数据显示过程中有晶界区域硼原子向晶内的反向扩散;当晶界上偏聚的硼转化为析出物时,晶界区域富集因子的增加再次变快.模拟计算结果与已发表的实验结果吻合较好.     

嵌段共聚物ABA/均聚物B共混体系在选择性溶剂中自组装行为的Monte Carlo模拟

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了嵌段共聚物ABA/均聚物B共混体系在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为.模拟结果表明,在保证高分子浓度一定的情况下,改变均聚物的含量对于自组装所形成的胶束形貌结构有很大影响.当均聚物含量增大到一定程度,体系最终得到大的球状胶束.     

硼在奥氏体晶界的两种偏聚形式

用PTA方法研究了Fe-30％Ni合金中硼在晶界的偏聚行为。实验表明在550-1200℃保温后用不同方式冷却的试样中存在平衡与非平衡两类硼偏聚,它们各自的形成机制不同,试验条件对它们的影响不同。平衡偏聚在保温时形成,在低温区淬火时起主要作用。在高温加热后,用通常冷却速度淬火时,晶界偏聚主要来源于冷却过程中产生的非平衡偏聚,实际瘁火试样中观察到的硼偏聚是这两类偏聚的叠加。试验指出,Fe-30％Ni合金中偏聚方式有一个转折温度区,这温度受冷却速度影响,在通常冷却速度下,这个转折温度在650～750℃之间。     

合金元素对一种多元合金钢可逆回火脆性的影响

研究了合金元素对一种多元合金钢可逆回火脆性的影响。结果表明，产生可逆回 火脆性的温度范围是４００～５５０℃．主要原因是Ｐ在晶界上的偏聚．沿晶单位面 积的断裂功与Ｐ的偏聚量有Ａｋ＝０．４４－３．４Ｊ／ｍｍ２关系。式中，为Ｐ在 积的断裂功与Ｐ的偏聚量有Ａｋ＝０．４４－３．４ＹＪ／ｍｍ２关系。式中为Ｐ在 晶界偏聚位置分数。阶梯回火不但加速了Ｐ的偏聚速度，而且提高了平衡偏聚量。 合金中的Ｃ排斥Ｐ，并且Ｃ本身有增强晶界结合力的作用，因此适量的Ｃ对防止 可逆回火脆性是有好处的；Ｃｒ有明显促进Ｐ在晶界偏聚的作用．其原因足Ｃｒ与 Ｃ之间交互作用较强；Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ山于都会促进Ｐ在晶界的偏聚，所以不同程 度的促进了可逆回火脆性。     

Effect of micro-alloying Ca on microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Ce alloys

Microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of Mg-5 Zn-0.3 Y-0.2 Ce alloys with the addition of trace xCa(x=0,0.3,0.6 wt%) were systematically investigated in this work.The results revealed that more secondary eutectic phases and smaller grain size of as-cast microstructure could be found with increasing Ca content.After hot extrusion,the Ca-free alloy showed a uniformly recrystallized grain structure,while the Ca-containing alloys possessed a bimodal grain structure composed of fine dynamic recrystallized(DRXed) grains with a size of several microns and un-recrystallized coarse grains.EBSD analysis showed that the three extruded alloys had a fiber texture of(0001) basal plane aligned with the extrusion direction.Texture intensity of the DRXed region was weaker than the deformed region.The extruded alloy with the addition of 0.6 wt% Ca exhibited the highest yield strength of 321 MPa due to the smallest DRXed grain size,the deformed region with strong basal texture and dense nanosized precipitates.     

铈对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响

研究了Ce对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响.研究结果表明:添加0.5～1.5 wt%Ce到AZ31镁合金中不但不能细化舍金的晶粒,反而使合金的晶粒变得粗大,并且粗化趋势受Ce加入量的影响较大.当添加0.5 wt%Ce到AZ31镁合金中后,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从最初的60靘增大到164靘.此后,随着Ce加入量从0.5 wt%增加到1.5 wt%,合金的平均晶粒尺寸又开始逐渐减小,但仍大于未添加Ce合金的平均晶粒尺寸.     

高纯Fe-0.2%P-2%Cr-C合金晶界的高分辨俄歇能谱分析

利用高分辨俄歇能谱仪研究了高纯Fe 0 2 %P 2 %Cr C合金的晶界·结果表明 ,沿晶断面上有大量尺寸约 0 3 μm的颗粒状碳化物·碳化物处碳的PHR值分别为 3 4 9%和 3 3 3 % ,铬的PHR值为 1 4 6%和 7 3 % ,碳化物为富铬碳化物 ;晶界上无碳化物处存在显著的磷偏聚和碳偏聚 ,磷的平均偏聚量分别为 2 0 2 %和 1 9 6% (PHR) ,晶界富集系数为 5 6和 5 4,碳的PHR值分别为 8 6%和 1 2 6% ,晶界富集系数为 3 0 8和 45 0 ;随合金碳量增加 ,碳在晶界偏聚量增加 ,磷的偏聚量稍有降低     

Optimal design of sintered Ce_9Nd_(21)Fe_(bal)B_1 magnets with a low-melting-point (Ce,Nd)-rich phase

A systemic investigation was done on the chemistry and crystal structure of boundary phases in sintered Ce9Nd21FebalB1(wt%) magnets. Ce2Fe14B is believed to be more soluble in the rare-earth(RE)-rich liquid phase during the sintering process. Thus, the grain size and oxygen content were controlled via low-temperature sintering, resulting in high coercivity and maximum energy products. In addition, Ce formed massive agglomerations at the triple-point junctions, as confirmed by elemental mapping results. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) images indicated the presence of(Ce,Nd)Ox phases at grain boundaries. By controlling the composition and optimizing the preparation process, we successfully obtained Ce9Nd21FebalB1 sintered magnets; the prepared magnets exhibited a residual induction, coercivity, and energy product of 1.353 T, 759 k A/m, and 342 k J/m3, respectively.     

铈和磷对锰钢脆性的影响

利用冲击试验，扫描电镜，透射电镜，俄歇谱仪等方法，研究了铈和磷对含锰钢脆性转化温度的影响。结果表明，磷在奥氏体晶界偏聚提高了含锰钢脆性转化温度，加入铈可减轻磷的偏聚程度，从而降低了脆性转化温度。     

Corrosion behavior of as-cast Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloy in 3.5wt% NaCl solution

Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloys (x = 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, and 1.5wt%) were prepared through a casting route in an electric resistance furnace under a controlled atmosphere. The cast alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The corrosion behavior of the as-cast Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloys were studied under salt spray tests in 3.5wt% NaCl solution at 35°C, in accordance with standard ASTM B–117, in conjunction with potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) tests. The results show that the addition of Ce to Mg–8Li–3Al (LA83) alloy results in the formation of Al₂Ce intermetallic phase, refines both the α-Mg phase and the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ intermetallic phase, and then increases the microhardness of the alloys. The results of PDP and salt spray tests reveal that an increase in Ce content to 1.5wt% decreases the corrosion rate. The best corrosion resistance is observed for the LA83 alloy sample with 1.0wt% Ce.     

Reduction in secondary dendrite arm spacing in cast eutectic Al-Si piston alloys by cerium addition

The effects of Ce on the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and mechanical behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were investigated. The reduction of SDAS at different Ce concentrations was evaluated in a directional solidification experiment via computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis (CA CCTA). -The results showed that 0.1wt%-1.0wt% Ce addition resulted in a rapid solidification time, △T_S, and low solidification temperature, △T_S, whereas 0.1wt% Ce resulted in a fast solidification time, △ta-Al, of the α-Al phase. Furthermore, Ce addition refined the SDAS, which was reduced to approximately 36%. The mechanical properties of the alloys with and without Ce were investigated using tensile and hardness tests. The quality index (Q) and ultimate tensile strength of (UTS) Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys significantly improved with the addition of 0.1wt% Ce. Moreover, the base alloy hardness was improved with increasing Ce concentration.     

Rapid cooling effect during solidification on macro-and micro-segregation of as-cast Mg–Gd alloy

The high performance of as-cast Mg-RE alloys is always related to their high RE additions.However,RE elements can be readily segregated in Mg alloys and the segregation becomes more significant with the increasing RE content.In this research,the effect of cooling rate on the macro-and micro-segregation in the as-cast Mg-8 Gd alloy was studied.The Gd content at the bottom of the fabricated ingot with the cooling rate of 4.6-6.9℃/s was～1.7 times of that at the top and coarse eutectics as well as some non-equilibrium phases of α-Gd,MgGd,Mg_2 Gd were distributed along the grain boundaries.The formation mechanisms of the specific gravity segregation and grain boundary segregation were also proposed.Upon the application of the water-cooled copper mold with the cooling rate of 27-200℃/s,only fine Mg5 Gd and some nanoscale metastable β_1 and β' phases were found to disperse uniformly in the grain interior,thus the homogeneity of the composition,microstructure,and performance within the whole ingot was considerably improved.It is expected that these results will facilitate the processing design for the fabrication of the highly-homogenized Mg-RE alloy castings.