不同色光、温度、pH对草珊瑚愈伤组织的培养效应

报道了草瑚珊愈伤组织生长和次生代谢物与光、温度、ｐＨ不同的物理因子培养条件的关系。结果表明，暗培养的愈伤组织生长和代谢物含量较高，而蓝光在草珊瑚愈伤组织培养中，表现了蓝光效应，诱导出一个优良的愈伤组织系，其相对增长率和总黄酮月产率分别为７５９％，１．８６８ｇ／Ｌ。最佳培养温度为２６℃恒温，最适愈伤组织生长的培养基ｐＨ值为５．５；而最适愈伤组织代谢次级产物的生产培养基ｐＨ值为６．０。     

辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）下胚轴离体培养的研究

将辣椒无菌苗下胚轴切段接种在ＭＳ培养基（附加不同的植物激素）上，诱导产生愈伤组织。最适的诱导培养基为ＭＳ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ，０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＩＡＡ，在此培养基上产生的愈伤组织具有较强的分化能力。将愈伤组织转移到分化培养基，光照培养，芽分化率可达２５．０％。不定芽在含１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＧＡ３和２ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上伸长成苗，再移入生根培养基上诱导生根，长成完整植株。     

不同外植体和激素对银杏愈伤组织诱导和生长的影响

以银杏胚的不同部位子叶、胚芽、胚轴、胚根为外植体,比较不同外源激素和培养条件对银杏愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的影响,结果表明子叶最易诱导愈伤组织,且在暗条件下诱导效果最好,2,4-D和队影响子叶的愈伤诱导能力;以茎段为外植体,发现生长素为茎段愈伤组织诱导所必需,且NAA诱导效果好于2,4-D;以叶片为外植体,发现生长素中的NAA诱导愈伤效果最好,雌雄叶的诱导能力相同.在愈伤组织生长过程中,NAA是子叶和茎段愈伤组织继代培养必需的,BA对茎段愈伤组织生长速.度无显著影响,但可使愈伤组织敛密,并有利于分化.MS 1 mg/LNAA 0.005 mg/LKT(或BA)的培养基对叶片愈伤组织生长最理想,雄叶愈伤生长较快,光照培养促进愈伤组织生长.     

玉米根尖和成熟胚的愈伤组织培养及悬浮系的建立

玉米幼根根尖和成熟胚都以ＭＳ为基本培养基,分别在不同的激素配比、不同浓度的蔗糖和水解乳蛋白（ＬＨ）下,进行愈伤组织的诱导．初始愈伤组织皆为白色、瘤状、透明、外软内硬,易分化成植株的非松脆类型;在不同的继代培养基中经过五代调控培养,初始愈伤组织都能转变为疏松的、小颗粒状、生活力强的松脆的愈伤组织;挑选适量的好的愈伤组织置于不同的液体培养基中,得到分散性好、生长快的悬浮细胞系     

植物生长调节物质对华黄芪愈伤组织诱导、增殖及芽分化的效应

以华黄芪叶片为外植体,在附加不同浓度和比例的２,４－Ｄ与６－ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上,探讨植物生长调节物质对华黄芪愈伤组织诱导、增殖及芽分化的效应,并在愈伤组织增殖过程中,初步对愈伤指数与愈伤组织生长量的关系进行了比较,结果表明：在ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上诱导率最高,且形成愈伤组织时间最短;在ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上,芽的分化率最高;愈伤指数与“称重法”测定愈伤组织生长所得结果一致．     

影响红掌品种＂若比诺＂愈伤组织诱导因素分析

以红掌品种“若比诺”的无菌苗为材料,研究了影响红掌品种“若比诺”愈伤组织的诱导因素．结果表明,基本培养基、外源激素、外植体类型和光照培养条件对愈伤组织的诱导都有显著影响．茎段在MS＋BA（2．0mg／L）＋2,4．D（0．2mg／L）培养基中愈伤组织诱导率最高,达到100％,叶片在1／2MS＋BA（2．0mg／L）＋2,4-D（0．2mg/L）培养基中诱导率最低（为0）．不同外植体的愈伤组织诱导率有明显的差异,其诱导率的大小依次为茎段〉叶柄〉叶片,茎段最适合做外植体源．光培养下的愈伤组织诱导率比暗培养下的高,光照有利于“若比诺”的愈伤组织的诱导．     

油菜薄层细胞培养中不同光质对愈伤组织诱导和增殖的效应

本实验以油菜(Brassica napus L.)花序轴薄层细胞为外植体,基本培养基为MS,附加不同浓度和比例的NAA和6-BA组合。接种后,选取白光、植物生长灯、红光、蓝光四种不同光质的光进行光照,以黑暗为对照,置恒温培养柜中培养,探讨不同光质对愈伤组织诱导和增殖的效应。结果表明:在相同或不同的培养基上,不同光质对愈伤组织的诱导效应都不同,蓝光,红光对油菜愈伤组织诱导具有明显的促进作用。在相同培养基中,不同光质处理对愈伤组织的增殖效应也不同,蓝光、红光对愈伤组织增殖的促进作用也是明显的。     

组培条件对何首乌愈伤组织诱导及生长的影响

为了寻找适合何首乌愈伤组织诱导与生长的培养条件，本文考察了愈伤组织形成的比率，分析了取样时间、光照条件、培养基中2，4-D、6BA和IBA的浓度对愈伤组织诱导和生长的影响。实验表明，在黑暗中，在添加有1．5mg/L2，4-D，1mg/L 6BA和0．5mg/L BA的MS培养基上，夏季取样的茎段，愈伤组织诱导率可达100％。     

玛丽安万年青的茎尖培养与快速繁殖

以玛丽这万年青（Ｄｉｅｆｆｅｎｂａｃｈｉｓ Ｔｒｏｐｉｃ Ｍａｒｉｎｎｅ）的顶芽或侧芽茎尖作外植体,通过二次表面灭菌,得到茎尖无菌培养物。根据茎尖愈伤组织诱导率和生长速度２项指标,筛选出码丽安万年青茎尖离体培养的培养基。ＭＳ＋ＢＡ４．０ｎｇ／Ｌ的固体培养基适宜于诱导茎尖形成愈伤组织和愈伤组织生长。愈伤组织转入ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的固体培养基分化形成丛生芽,从愈伤组织上切取１ｃｍ以上的牙转入ＭＳ     

重楼属植物愈伤组织的诱导和培养

以MS培养基为基本培养基，附加不同种类和浓度的生长调节物质，对不同器官，不同取材时期的重楼外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导培养研究．结果表明，BA和IAA有利于愈伤组织的诱导；生长期的幼芽组织是较适宜的培养器官，其愈伤组织的诱导频率达26．7％．该研究为进一步离体快繁完整植株打下了坚实的基础，     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with