焊接速度对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

以厚度3 mm的6061-T6铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊对接接头为研究对象,建立热力耦合有限元模型,准确模拟了焊接过程的温度场分布及演变规律,采用光学显微观察、电子背散射衍射、显微硬度测量以及拉伸试验等表征方法,研究了焊接速度对焊接接头成形特性、显微组织和力学性能的影响机理.结果表明:接头焊核区在焊接过程中经历了完全动态再结晶,形成细小等轴晶;后退侧热影响区经历了动态回复,晶粒显著长大,晶界强化作用弱于焊核区晶粒;当焊接速度为300～800 mm/min时,接头焊缝成形良好,拉伸断裂均在焊缝后退侧热影响区,在焊接过程中受温度(400～480℃)影响显著,析出强化相溶解导致力学性能明显降低,在此焊接速度范围内,随速度的提高,接头强度增加,最高强度系数为80.86％(800 mm/min);当焊接速度进一步增加至1200 mm/min时,接头的焊接成形性变差,焊核区出现未焊合和隧道缺陷,接头拉伸试验时在焊核区发生断裂.     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺研究

借助于有限元仿真软件ANSYS模拟仿真2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接过程,得到在焊接准稳态阶段不同时刻和位置处的温度情况,确立了温度场在时间和空间上的分布规律.结果表明,焊接的最高温度为525℃,低于铝合金熔点.在试验中采用仿真所使用的焊接工艺参数,得出的焊缝表面质量较好,没有出现背部间隙及未焊透缺陷.在整个试验过程中,试验测得的工件温度变化与仿真模拟的结果误差小于5%.在进行试件的力学性能试验中,试件的抗拉强度达到母材的74%,均高于其它的焊接方式.所采用的焊接工艺参数对实际焊接6mm厚的2219铝合金具有借鉴作用.     

热处理前后7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头超高周疲劳行为研究

采用USF-300超声疲劳试验机对焊态和热处理态的7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头进行超高周疲劳试验,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射(TEM)等手段对接头微观组织和疲劳断口进行观察,研究焊后热处理(PWHT)对7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头超高周疲劳行为的影响.结果...     

搅拌摩擦焊接过程温度场动态仿真

推导了一种简易直观的搅拌摩擦焊接热源模型,并将模型应用于焊接过程温度场动态仿真,得到了焊接过程中不同时刻和位置处的热循环曲线,确立了温度场在时间和空间上的分布规律,并研究了不同焊接工艺参数时的温度场.结果表明:焊接最高温度为496.5℃,低于铝合金的熔点;沿焊缝不同位置处的温度值依次从初始温度迅速升高到最高温度500℃左右,然后又缓慢回复到初始温度附近;离焊缝越近,温度升高得越剧烈,最高温度越高;焊接工艺参数对搅拌摩擦焊接过程温度场影响显著.     

LY12铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接工艺研究

根据摩擦搅拌焊接(FSW)的固相塑性连接工艺特点,在FSW焊机上进行大量的LY12铝合金连接试验.针对接头成型特点、微观组织及力学性能等,研究了焊接规范参数对于焊缝成型的影响,确定了最佳焊接参数.结果表明,当转速在1050r/min时,随焊速增加,接头强度下降;在焊速20～60mm/min内焊接时,接头强度下降不很明显,因此在此范围内均可得到强度较高的接头.其中焊速在20mm/min时可得到强度最高的接头,其强度值为320MPa,是母材强度的73%,而用常规焊接方法进行连接时强度只有60%～70%.     

6005A合金搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳性能的研究

对6005A—T6铝合金FSW接头、母材以及MIG焊接头进行了疲劳性能试验对比研究。结果表明,FSW接头的抗拉强度约是母材抗拉强度的82．5％;MIG焊试样的抗拉强度约是母材抗拉强度的73．4％。当循环周次N〉10^7时,FSW试样的疲劳强度值接近于母材,约为母材疲劳强度值的93％,而MIG焊试样的疲劳强度值仅为母材的67％。FSW接头热影响区的断口疲劳区形貌为准解理和韧窝的组合形貌。准解理型穿晶扩展裂纹与FSW接头热影响区中原母材枝晶结构有关,断口扩展区形貌为韧窝状形貌。     

2024铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及显微组织

对厚度为 6mm的 2 0 2 4铸铝合金板做了搅拌摩擦焊接工艺试验 .通过对焊接件拉伸强度测试 ,以及在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下对焊缝和基体显微组织的观察 ,发现焊缝比基体具有更细小的晶粒组织 ,粗大的θ(CuAl2 )相被破碎 ,且有害杂质相容易在晶界上析出 .试验结果表明 ,焊接速度为 30mm/min和焊接头旋转速度为 10 0 0r/min时 ,可以获得良好的焊接质量 .图 5 ,表 2 ,参 6     

6061-T6铝合金薄板的搅拌摩擦焊接

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)技术对1mm厚6061-T6铝合金薄板进行了对接. 研究了焊接工艺参数的范围,实验测试了焊接接头的强度、硬度和延伸率,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了接头的微观组织. 结果表明:对于1mm厚度6061-T6铝合金,FSW的最优工艺参数为旋转速度1800r·min-1,焊接速度1000mm·min-1;在此参数下,接头的硬度值达到母材的80%左右,抗拉强度达到母材的103%,延伸率达到母材的54%;接头的力学性能与微观结构相符.     

7075-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀疲劳断口

利用电子显微镜和扫描电镜对7075-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀疲劳断口进行研究,分析了 7075-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀疲劳裂纹的发展过程。结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生 于焊核区和热力影响区的交界处并逐渐向热力影响区内部扩展,最终延伸并断裂于热影响区。腐蚀疲劳断 口存在多个裂纹源,裂纹源萌生于腐蚀坑处。腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展分为低速扩展、稳态扩展和快速亚稳态扩展 3个阶段。在低速扩展阶段,产生了很多点蚀坑。在稳态扩展阶段,腐蚀疲劳具有脆性断裂特征。在快速亚 稳态扩展阶段,循环荷载成为裂纹扩展的主要驱动力而腐蚀作用的影响减弱。腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的瞬断区 呈现以脆性断裂为主的断裂特征。     

搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头疲劳失效的模拟研究

利用ANSYS Workbench与ANSYS nCode Designlife分别建立了搅拌摩擦焊过程搅拌头的静力学与疲劳模型. 结合搅拌摩擦焊过程中搅拌头受到的作用力载荷谱,以及推导出的搅拌头扭矩的计算公式,讨论了前进阻力、侧向力、下压力和扭矩对搅拌头疲劳寿命的影响. 仿真结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接过程中搅拌针的根部是主要的应力集中区,造成搅拌头疲劳失效主要发生在搅拌针根部. 前进阻力是造成搅拌头疲劳失效的主要原因,侧向力及扭矩对疲劳失效的作用则比较小,下压力对于搅拌头的疲劳寿命的增加有利.      

6082-T6铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头的性能

针对2mm的6082-T6铝合金薄板进行回填式搅拌摩擦点焊,研究搅拌套的旋转速度及下扎深度对力学性能的影响规律,并对接头的横截面及断口形貌进行观察和分析.结果表明:当采用合适的焊接参数时,回填式搅拌摩擦搭接点焊的接头成形美观.点焊接头剪切强度随着搅拌头转速和下扎深度的增加均呈先增大后减小的趋势,剪切断口的断裂形式为韧性断裂.     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

搅拌摩擦焊、搅拌振动摩擦焊和钨极惰性气体焊接AA6061-T6接头的组织和力学特性对比研究

This study compared the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced using friction stir welding (FSW), friction stir vibration welding (FSVW), and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG). FSVW is a modified version of FSW wherein the joining specimens are vibrated normal to the welding line during FSW. The results indicated that the weld region grains for FSVW and FSW were equiaxed and were smaller than the grains for TIG. In addition, the weld region grains for FSVW were finer compared with those for FSW. Results also showed that the strength, hardness, and toughness values of the joints produced by FSVW were higher than those of the other joints produced by FSW and TIG. The vibration during FSW enhanced dynamic recrystallization, which led to the development of finer grains. The weld efficiency of FSVW was approximately 81%, whereas those of FSW and TIG were approximately 74% and 67%, respectively.     

Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced by friction stir welding,friction stir vibration welding and tungsten inert gas welding: A comparative study

This study compared the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced using friction stir welding(FSW), friction stir vibration welding(FSVW), and tungsten inert gas welding(TIG). FSVW is a modified version of FSW wherein the joining specimens are vibrated normal to the welding line during FSW. The results indicated that the weld region grains for FSVW and FSW were equiaxed and were smaller than the grains for TIG. In addition, the weld region grains for FSVW were finer compared with those for FSW.Results also showed that the strength, hardness, and toughness values of the joints produced by FSVW were higher than those of the other joints produced by FSW and TIG. The vibration during FSW enhanced dynamic recrystallization, which led to the development of finer grains.The weld efficiency of FSVW was approximately 81%, whereas those of FSW and TIG were approximately 74% and 67%, respectively.     

2024铝合金控冷搅拌摩擦焊温度场数值模拟研究

基于Morfeo有限元分析平台,采用热流耦合、热力耦合相结合的方法,对空冷和水冷条件下2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊初始阶段和稳定阶段的温度场分布、特征点焊接热循环进行了数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行了实验验证。结果表明:温度场高温区域均出现在搅拌工具轴肩下方的位置,且在搅拌工具后侧位置温度最高;空冷时各特征点焊接热循环的升温速率稍高于水冷的升温速率,而降温速率远远低于水冷时的速率。实际测试的焊接热循环与模拟预测值吻合较好。     

搅拌摩擦焊机控制器的研制

搅拌摩擦焊机控制器的研制是研究FSW技术的关键之一.针对不同材料、不同规格工件时,必须使用不同的规范进行焊接,并且能在一定范围内调节摩擦功率,这也是该焊机所必须具备的性能.论述了以电流限值作为力矩自适应调节的方法,以变频调速技术为基础的主轴转速调节手段,从而保证了摩擦头在较大转速范围内改变且运行稳定,满足了不同板厚时的热量需求.同时利用MCGS软件实现了对焊接参数的控制、读取和显示.实际运行表明,该焊机控制器完全满足了设计要求.     

TC4钛合金搅拌摩擦焊微观组织特征及影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术在保护气氛下对单块TC4钛合金板材施焊,并获得良好成形。重点研究了搅拌区α+β双相微观组织演变机制及不同工艺参数对组织硬度的影响。结果表明,在经优化后的工艺参数条件下,搅拌区组织经历了α/β相变,最终形成基于β相区的α+β双态组织,搅拌头行走过后冷却析出的层片状α相沿β相区界面及内部分布,α相及β相晶粒细化明显,α/β层片间距的缩小可增强α+β复相强化效应,提高搅拌区硬度。搅拌头转速的提高增加了β相区的长大倾向,行进速度的提高降低了α相比例,并可生成针状马氏体。     

下扎深度对AZ91镁合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头组织和断裂行为的影响

We used refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) to join 2-mm-thick AZ91D-H24 magnesium alloy sheets, and we investigated in detail the effect of tool plunge depth on the microstructure and fracture behavior of the joints. A sound joint surface can be obtained using plunge depths of 2.0 and 2.5 mm. Plunge depth was found to significantly affect the height of the hook, with greater plunge depths corresponding to more severe upward bending of the hook, which compromised the tensile-shear properties of the joints. The hardness reached a minimum at the thermo-mechanically affected zone due to the precipitation phases of this zone as it dissolved into the α-matrix during the welding process. The fracture modes of RFSSW joints can be divided into three types: shear fracture, plug fracture, and shear–plug fracture. Of these, the joint with a shear–plug fracture exhibited the best tensile-shear load of 6400 N.     

冷却条件对2519A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊焊接厚度为2.75 mm的2519A铝合金板材。分别研究在空气和水流中冷却对焊接性能和焊缝组织的影响。实验结果表明:在旋转速度为2 700 r/min,焊接速度为60 mm/min条件下,水冷焊接得到美观并无明显缺陷的接头,提高了接头强度,抗拉强度达到340 MPa;在水冷条件下,热影响区的范围变窄,热影响区平均硬度提高,焊核区晶粒粒度比空冷条件下的更加小,硬度几乎呈直线分布;而在空冷条件下,焊核区硬度呈先上升后下降趋势,变化明显,水冷焊核区平均硬度低于空冷条件下平均硬度,这是因为空冷焊接能够提高固溶度并促进随后的时效发生。