平直-波纹翅片椭圆管外空气流动与传热特性的数值研究

利用三维稳态湍流数值模拟方法,研究了物性参数为常数的空气在波纹翅片椭圆管和4种不同结构参数的平直-波纹复合翅片椭圆管换热器翅片间的换热与流阻特性,揭示了空气进口流速(或雷诺数Re)、平直-波纹复合翅片中波纹段占有比例以及所处位置对翅片表面平均努塞尔数Nu、压差损失Δp和翅片管综合换热性能因子j/f影响的规律。结果表明,复合翅片中波纹段所处的位置对换热强度的影响显著,但对流动压降(Δp)的影响甚微;复合翅片中波纹翅片所占比例的多少是影响Δp的关键因素;翅片宽度方向平均Nu(x)的变化主要发生在翅片起始段,不同结构翅片末段的Nu(x)值相差很小,但此处的波纹翅片却会使总压降增加,即翅片末段宜采用平直翅片;几种翅片椭圆管换热器的综合性能j/f均有最佳值产生,起始段为6个波长波纹翅片与末尾段为8个波长的平直翅片形成的复合翅片椭圆管换热器的综合性能最佳。研究结果将对翅片管换热器的选型设计提供理论指导。     

辽河流域吉林区域水质状况评价及变化特征分析

以2013—2018年中国环境监测总站对辽河流域水质的监测数据为基础,分析辽河流域吉林区域的水质状况,采用单因子指数法对水域进行水质状况评价.结果表明,从2013—2018年辽河流域吉林区域的水质从整体来说,具有明显好转的趋势,水质从Ⅳ级转变为Ⅲ级(四种评价指标具体变化为:p H值浮动不明显,水体整体偏弱碱性; DO浓度有明显的上升趋势,数值上升1. 33 mg/L; COD_(Mn)浓度呈明显的下降趋势,数值下降1. 41 mg/L; NH_3-N浓度具有显著下降趋势,数值上下降1. 35 mg/L).主要污染因子已经由以NH_3-N为主转变为以COD_(Mn)为主.研究结果将对恢复辽河流域吉林区域生态环境,治理流域水污染和有效管理水资源提供理论依据.     

轴向导热对板翅式换热器传热性能的影响

为了降低轴向导热对板翅式换热器传热性能的影响,利用计算流体力学软件Fluent,分别计算了考虑轴向导热模型和不考虑轴向导热模型的换热因子,引入无量纲参数传热恶化率(η)来评价轴向导热对板翅式换热器传热性能的影响程度,讨论了流体工况下翅片类型(平直翅片和锯齿翅片)、翅片结构、流体种类、翅片材料等因素对η的影响。计算结果表明,轴向导热对板翅式换热器传热性能的影响程度较大,流体工况下翅片类型、流体种类、翅片结构、翅片材料等因素对η均有所影响。其中,对于不同流体工况,当Re小于等于600时,η较大,此时在翅片的设计和选型时需要考虑轴向导热对其传热性能的影响;对于不同的翅片类型,在Re小于等于600时,锯齿型翅片的η低于平直翅片;对于不同翅片结构,无量纲参数β为70、翅片密度为4.1的此类平直翅片的η最大,在翅片选型时应尽量少选此类平直翅片;对于低温流体,Pr越大,其η越大;对于不同翅片材料,在综合考虑强化换热和减小轴向导热影响两方面因素下,并非高导热系数材料的传热性能最佳,而是在不同Re下,最大换热因子均对应一个最佳的导热系数。     

带有平直-矩形内翅片管的流动与传热特性

利用三维模拟计算与试验的方法研究应用于废气再循环(EGR)冷却器的带有平直-矩形内翅片管的流动与传热特性,以及内翅片的迎风距离对管侧传热的影响。研究表明:这种新型的内翅片管能够显著地强化传热;数值模拟计算获得的管侧压降.摩擦因子和努塞尔数与试验方法得到的数据相比,最大偏差分别是6.7%、6.5%和5.9%;内翅片的迎风距离越大,传热性能越好。     

改革开放以来山东省产业结构演进过程分析

运用产业结构演进评价指标和偏离一份额分析法,定量研究了改革开放以来山东省产业结构演进的特征．研究表明：改革开放以来,山东省与全国产业结构相似系数在O．98以上,产业结构趋同严重．就业产业结构系数呈下降趋势,但产业结构与就业结构整体处于失衡状态．产业结构转换速度系数经历了先下降后上升趋势,产业结构转换方向基本合理．三次产业的发展水平均高于全国平均水平,产业相对增长率、结构效果指数、竞争效果指数趋势均呈现先下降后上升的趋势,与不同时段产业偏离一份额分析结果基本一致．     

基于正交试验和Fluent的管翅式换热器结构优化

通过正交试验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究平直翅片管式换热器的换热和流阻特性,以换热系数和压降作为评价指标,用逐个分析各参数对换热和流阻特性的影响以及综合换热评价指标两种评价方法实现对换热器风机风量、翅片间距、厚度和管横纵向间距的优化。结果表明：翅片间距对压降影响最大,管纵向间距对空气侧换热系数影响最大;一种优化组合为风机风量1 450 m³/h、翅片间距2.4 mm、翅片厚度0.38 mm、管横向间距28 mm和纵向间距15 mm,另一种优化组合为风机风量1 700 m³/h、翅片间距2.4 mm、翅片厚度0.38 mm、管横向间距28 mm、纵向间距21 mm;使用优化换热器的冰淇淋机的换热能力比原设备分别提高了5.73%和6.85%。     

板翅式换热器锯齿型翅片参数的遗传算法优化研究

针对目前锯齿型板翅式换热器未能同时优化多参数,或者大多优化研究存在对经验关联式依赖的问题,提出了利用Kriging响应面来近似目标函数与设计变量之间的关系、应用遗传算法对锯齿型板翅式换热器翅片结构参数的优化方法。在维持翅片通道雷诺数为800时,把换热器的最大j因子、最小f因子和最大F_(TEF)因子作为3个单目标函数,对翅片的翅片高度h、翅片间距s、翅片厚度t和翅片节距l进行了优化研究。研究结果表明:翅片高度h与翅片间距s对换热器综合性能F_(TEF)因子呈正增长,而翅片厚度t和翅片节距l呈负增长;在翅片高度为9.5mm、翅片间距为2.2mm、翅片厚度为0.1mm和翅片节距为3mm时,换热器性能最佳;结合Kriging响应面的遗传算法克服了传统优化方法对经验关联式的依赖。该研究结果可以指导锯齿型板翅式换热器的优化设计。     

汽车散热器的性能分析及翅片结构优化

运用CFD方法对某型汽车管带式百叶窗散热器进行性能分析及翅片结构优化,建立某型汽车散热器单周期翅片组模型并对其进行不同风速工况下的三维模拟计算。基于计算结果设置某型散热器多孔介质的物性参数,将该散热器仿真计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证该方法的可行性。通过综合性能评价因子j/f~(1/3)研究并找出本次研究百叶窗翅片中,综合性能最佳的翅片,利用上诉方法计算最佳结构翅片整体散热器的换热特性和阻力特性。研究结果表明:多孔介质模型计算结果与试验结果比较吻合,验证了这种散热器研究方法的可行性。本次研究百叶窗翅片结构中综合性能最佳的翅片结构是间距2.4 mm,开窗角度27°。     

表自然数为两个无平方因子数的和

设n为自然数,(?)为全体无平方因子数的集合,T(n)是满足n=n b的数对{a,b}的个数,其中a,b∈(?)。本文证明了T(n)=cnρ(n) O(n~(2/3)logn)这里c=multiply from p (1-2/p~2),ρ(n)=multiply from p~2/n (1 1/(p~2-2)·p为素数。     

活化条件对球形活性炭制备的影响研究

采用粘结性烟煤作为粘结剂和原料成分添加石油焦,研究了活化条件对制备球形活性炭性能的影响。结果表明,随着活化温度的升高,煤质球形活性炭的强度及收率呈下降趋势,而碘值呈先上升后下降的趋势,亚甲基蓝值逐渐增大。最佳活化条件为活化温度850℃,活化时间7h。在最优工艺条件下所得产品的BET比表面积为862.83m2/g,Langmuir比表面积为995.27m2/g,总孔容为0.56cm3/g,平均孔半径为1.3nm,微孔率为66%,中孔率为34%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the