基于颗粒流的土质边坡失稳机理

为研究降雨工况下诱发土质边坡失稳过程及破坏机理,以泸州市古蔺县竹林沟滑坡为依托,通过PFC2D双轴压缩试验对滑坡体饱和状态下的强度参数进行标定,确定滑坡细观参数与宏观参数的内在联系,并引入接触黏结模型,对其破坏过程特征进行模拟研究,并对滑坡关键位置处的速度、孔隙率以及位移进行实时监测.计算结果表明:滑坡破坏的过程为:初期整体蠕滑变形,随着变形的发展,滑坡体向坡前临空方向发生剪切蠕变,后缘产生由坡面向深部发展的张拉裂缝,随着潜在滑面贯通,滑坡失稳破坏;通过监测不同位置的速度发现,0～10 s为加速阶段,坡体最大速度达到约14 m/s,最大颗粒速度达到约20 m/s,15～25 s坡体速度开始下降,滑坡最大位移约600 m,整体位移约450 m,并于25 s左右坡体停止滑动.通过对竹林沟滑坡的数值模拟,采用离散元颗粒流的方法去研究滑坡的运动过程有较好的应用性,也能为同类型滑坡的防灾减灾提供较好的参考意义.     

前缘反倾式锁固型滑坡变形破坏模式及失稳机理

了解滑坡的失稳机理和破坏模式是对其进行预防预报的前提。采用物理模型试验方法,以降雨为触发条件,进行多次模型试验,记录前缘反倾式锁固型边坡在不同坡面形态时的变形破坏现象,研究该类边坡的失稳机理及破坏模式。研究结果表明:前缘反倾式锁固型边坡为后缘推移式滑动破坏,该类边坡失稳始于边坡后缘,其破坏模式为开始降雨→雨水从坡面入渗,边坡土体强度降低→后缘土体发生沉降→前缘土体发生垮塌→坡体后缘持续下沉,推动边坡底部土体向前滑动-坡体前缘出现推挤隆升现象-边坡整体失稳破坏;前缘反倾式锁固型边坡发生整体失稳的根本原因是边坡前缘土体强度降低及垮塌,致其无法提供足够的抗滑力,边坡发生整体失稳。研究成果对此类滑坡的预防预报具有一定的指导意义。     

降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式模型试验

为了进一步探究降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式,自主设计制作了物理模型试验系统,通过三峡库区某堆积体滑坡现场取样,在测定土样基本物理力学参数后,开展了降雨作用下不同坡角的堆积体岸坡模型试验,主要分析了不同坡角下岸坡模型的变形破坏特征及破坏模式。结果表明:坡度对岸坡变形破坏特征影响显著,坡角较大(60°与50°)时,坡体易出现浅层滑动破坏,坡角较缓(40°)时,容易出现深层滑动,坡角35°及更小时,未出现明显的变形破坏;浅层滑动破坏规模较小,变形自下而上牵引,演化发生所需的时间较短,而深层滑动破坏规模较大,变形自上而下推移,所需时间更长;降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏可分为软化剥蚀-蠕动变形-明显滑动三个阶段,变形破坏模式表现为雨水入渗→表层饱和→土体软化→饱和区扩大→土体沉降→坡顶裂隙出现→坡脚变形/坡体整体变形→浅层滑面/深层滑面→浅层破坏/深层破坏。     

降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式模型试验研究

为了进一步探究降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式,自主设计制作了物理模型试验系统,通过三峡库区某堆积体滑坡现场取样,在测定土样基本物理力学参数后,开展了降雨作用下不同坡角的堆积体岸坡模型试验,主要分析了不同坡角下岸坡模型的变形破坏特征及破坏模式。结果表明：坡度对岸坡变形破坏特征影响显著,坡角较大(60°与50°)时,坡体易出现浅层滑动破坏,坡角较缓(40°)时,容易出现深层滑动,35°及更小坡角时,未出现明显的变形破坏;浅层滑动破坏规模较小,变形自下而上牵引,演化发生所需的时间较短,而深层滑动破坏规模较大,变形自上而下推移,所需时间更长;降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏可分为软化剥蚀—蠕动变形—明显滑动三个阶段,变形破坏模式表现为雨水入渗→表层饱和→土体软化→饱和区扩大→土体沉降→坡顶裂隙出现→坡脚变形/坡体整体变形→浅层滑面/深层滑面→浅层破坏/深层破坏。     

大型堆积体滑坡持续降雨条件下破坏机制研究

堆积体滑坡是一种典型的、多发的滑坡类型,大多数土质滑坡均属此类,其中80%以上的土质滑坡都是由持续性降雨或者暴雨引发。介于上述原因,采用Geo-studio软件中的SEEP/W模块和SIGMA/W模块,以贵州省沿河县院子岩滑坡为例,对持续降雨条件下,滑坡体内二维渗流场及应力场进行数值模拟耦合分析,分析在持续降雨条件下大型堆积体滑坡变形破坏机制。模拟结果显示,持续降雨条件下雨水渗入滑坡中后沿岩土接触面流动,对滑带土进行浸润、软化、冲刷;滑坡体内的孔隙水压力以及动水压力不断增大,在坡脚处有效应力减小,在此过程中坡体应力不断调整,局部出现应力集中和位移增大,进而造成坡体失稳破坏。     

小金县阿龚坪滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析

阿龚坪滑坡是滑坡堆积体在土体内部滑动的小型牵引式土质滑坡。前缘修筑公路开挖坡脚形成临空面,在强降雨的诱发作用下,滑坡前缘首先发生表层滑塌,前缘推移,致使后缘产生拉张下错变形,严重威胁坡脚居民的生命财产安全。根据已有变形破坏特征,对该滑坡的成因机制及稳定性进行了分析,并据此提出"滑坡底部及中部公路内侧抗滑桩+滑塌区坡面格构护坡"的治理措施。     

水力性质和降雨模式对黄土边坡变形规律的影响

服役期边坡破坏很大程度上取决于降雨与边坡土体性质。为明确土体水力特性和降雨模式的具体影响程度,以陕北地区降雨特征和抗滑桩边坡实例为背景,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立地下水位深埋坡体降雨过程的数值计算模型。分析了Van Genuchten模型参数、饱和渗透系数、降雨强度、降雨类型与降雨持时对排水不同土质边坡位移场与渗流场的影响程度。研究结果表明:VG模型参数变化对排水不良土质边坡影响更显著。排水相同坡体最终变形量随VG模型参数a、参数n与饱和渗透系数k_s的降低而增高,随降雨强度与降雨持时的增大而增高。对于强降雨时排水不良土质边坡,外界渐强型降雨类型或者土体VG模型参数a与饱和渗透系数k_s较低时易发生失稳破坏,在滑坡灾害防治工作中应给予重视。     

南江县坪河乡九义校滑坡稳定性分析

通过野外调研和搜集现有资料,系统地分析了巴中市南江县九义校滑坡的地质环境和滑坡特征。根据坡体的结构及形态特征研究了滑坡的形成机制,判定九义校滑坡为牵引式土质滑坡,破坏模式为蠕滑拉裂。最后分析各工况的影响因素,并运用传递系数法进行滑坡稳定性验算,得出稳定性计算成果,内聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值的变化对安全系数K的影响。经过稳定性分析计算说明,该滑坡在天然工况下整体稳定性较好,在暴雨下处于欠稳定状态,易产生整体滑动,说明降雨无疑对滑坡的形成发展起到了至关重要的作用。为了防止雨季期间雨水下渗降低坡体稳定性,造成滑坡土体失稳或局部溜滑变形破坏,威胁危险区内人民的生命财产安全,建议尽快开展该地质灾害体的工程防治。     

降雨条件下花岗岩残积土边坡失稳模式及预警阈值现场试验

降雨是诱发边坡失稳的主要因素,为探明不同降雨强度条件下花岗岩残积土边坡的失稳模式,通过75mm/h、125mm/h、150mm/h、175mm/h等4组不同降雨强度下边坡失稳现场试验,基于工程边坡原位监测试验采集的含水率-时间与位移-时间曲线研究了花岗岩残积土边坡渐进失稳破坏特征,并提出了降雨条件边坡失稳的持续时间与降雨量阈值。研究表明:降雨条件下花岗岩残积土边坡为渐进失效破坏,根据降雨强度斜坡失稳破坏可分为“浅层局部滑动”、“浅层整体滑动与崩塌”、“深层局部滑动”、“深层整体滑动”等四种模式,斜坡发生变形失稳的区域主要位于坡脚位置,坡中次之,坡顶最小。边坡深层滑动从显著变形到失稳破坏历时18~20min,而浅层滑动持续时间为25min~135min。土壤界限含水率可特征边坡失稳破坏过程,当斜坡土壤含水率上为42～45%时,斜坡开始出现开裂、蠕动变形等失稳征兆;当土壤含水率上升到47～50%时,坡面土体开始崩解并迅速发生滑坡、崩塌。     

非饱和土质边坡降雨入渗分析

降雨入渗对边坡土体的力学行为具有重要的影响。为研究降雨入渗条件下边坡土体的位移应力变化规律,考虑基质吸力的影响,建立了非饱和渗流有限元模型,对降雨过程中边坡土体进行渗流应力耦合分析,得到了降雨过程中边坡的孔隙水压力、位移及应力的变化规律。结果表明降雨会使边坡上部土体有效应力显著降低,同时引起坡面附近土体的水平位移及边坡内部土体的沉降;降雨使坡脚处土体首先发生破坏,随着降雨的持续,土体的塑性应变不断增大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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