基于噪声短时谱动态估计的语音增强谱减算法

针对谱减法增强语音后残留音乐噪声明显,影响语音清晰度的问题,在分析现有的噪声谱减算法基本特性的基础上,提出一种基于噪声短时谱动态估计的语音降噪方法。通过估计噪声短时功率谱及其变化趋势,动态调整谱减法中的过减系数,有效抑制残留噪声。仿真实验表明,新的谱减算法在提高语音信噪比的同时保持较小的失真度,具有较好的增强效果。     

基于噪声短时谱动态估计的语音增强谱减算法

针对谱减法增强语音后残留"音乐噪声"明显,影响语音清晰度的问题,在分析现有的噪声谱减算法基本特性的基础上,提出一种基于噪声短时谱动态估计的语音降噪方法.通过估计噪声短时功率谱及其变化趋势,动态调整谱减法中的过减系数,有效抑制残留噪声.仿真实验表明,新的谱减算法在提高语音信噪比的同时保持较小的失真度,具有较好的增强效果.     

先验信噪比估计语音增强算法的对比分析

先验信噪比估计精度直接影响着语音增强算法的性能.本文对3种不同的先验信噪比估计算法:经典的直接判决算法、两步噪声消除算法和改进型直接判决算法的优缺点进行了理论分析和实验验证.实验部分包括:语谱、输出先验信噪比跟踪曲线、不同背景噪声下的输出对数似然比图像、不同背景噪声下输出的分段信噪比图像和不同噪声下输出的短时客观可懂度图像.此外,分析了直接判决算法的平滑因子的取值对音乐噪声和语音失真的影响.     

一种基于听觉掩蔽效应的语音增强方法

为提高增强语音的听觉效果 ,研究了一种基于听觉掩蔽效应的语音增强方法。推出了一个功率谱域的基于听觉掩蔽效应的不等式准则 ,并用这个准则动态地选择一个作为语音短时谱幅度估计器的非线性函数的参数值 ,通过这个参数自适应变化的非线性函数对语音谱幅度进行估计实现语音增强。在此基础上 ,设计实现了一个单声道语音增强算法。对增强语音的客观测试和非正式听音测试表明 :相对于传统的减谱法和对数短时谱幅度最小均方误差估计增强法 ,基于听觉掩蔽效应的语音增强方法能更好地抑制背景噪声     

基于短时对数谱的MMSE语音增强算法研究

研究了单话筒采集条件下基于语音短时对数谱的最小均方误差(MMSE-LSA)估计的语音增强算法,给出了其算法分析的基本流程图.由于语音是时变的,因此,假设语音频谱分布为高斯分布,在此基础上讨论了MMSE-LSA算法的先验信噪比ξk的2种估计方法--最大似然估计方法和直接判决估计方法.试验证明此方法的语音增强效果较好,尤其在较低信噪比时效果更明显.     

基于短时对数谱的MMSE语音增强算法研究

研究了单话筒采集条件下基于语音短时对数谱的最小均方误差(MMSE—LSA)估计的语音增强算法，给出了其算法分析的基本流程图。由于语音是时变的，因此，假设语音频谱分布为高斯分布，在此基础上讨论了MMSE—LSA算法的先验信噪比ξh的2种估计方法——最大似然估计方法和直接判决估计方法。试验证明此方法的语音增强效果较好，尤其在较低信噪比时效果更明显。     

一种新的用于语音增强的噪声谱估计器

提出了一种新的噪声谱估计算法，从采集到的含噪声语音信号中直接估计出噪声谱的变化，并且利用一个 初始噪声序列进行噪声谱的更新。实验表明，该算法能准确地估计出噪声谱，相比传统的噪声谱估计器，其准确性 和实时性显著提高了，也增强了可靠性#特别是在有强背景噪声（输入信噪比很低）和慢变化噪声的情况下性能得 到了明显的提高。     

一种新的用于语音增强的噪声谱估计器

提出了一种新的噪声谱估计算法，从采集到的含噪声语音信号中直接估计出噪声谱的变化，并且利用一个初始噪声序列进行噪声谱的更新。实验表明，该算法能准确地估计出噪声谱，相比传统的噪声谱估计器，其准确性和实时性显著提高了，也增强了可靠性，特别是在有强背景噪声（输入信噪比很低）和慢变化噪声的情况下性能得到了明显的提高。     

一种新的鉴别汉语语音信号起止点的有效算法

提出短时能频值（ＥＦＶ）的新概念，设计了用短时能频值的参量来估计语音起止点的新的有效算法，提高了语音信号与背景噪声的分辨力。运用基于短时能频值ＥＦＶ估计语音起止点的算法，研究汉语普通话音素的区别特征，上机计算分析证明了ＥＦＶ门限能够很好地从噪声中分辨出语音信号，有着较好的稳定性和较高的语音－噪声分辨力。     

一种基于修正倒谱平滑技术改进的维纳滤波语音增强算法

传统的倒谱平滑维纳滤波算法在求取选择性平滑范围时,噪声会对维纳增益函数的倒谱产生影响,使估计出的选择性平滑范围不正确,进而导致此传统算法在平滑掉音乐噪声的同时也影响了噪声抑制效果。为此提出了一种基于修正倒谱平滑技术改进的维纳语音增强算法,该算法先用最大似然准则估计出纯净语音的倒谱,然后在纯净语音倒谱中求取基频和共振峰的位置,进而得到选择性平滑的范围。该方法提高了选择性倒谱平滑的准确性,进而改善了传统倒谱平滑维纳滤波语音增强算法的噪声抑制效果。最后在不同的噪声场景中对传统算法和改进算法进行了仿真对比,表明该算法能够在去除噪声的同时更好地保留语音的特征结构,较好地提高了带噪语音的质量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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