基于阈值的图像分割方法的研究

介绍了图像分割的定义和基于阈值选取的图像分割方法,分析了直方图阈值和最佳阈值法。     

一种改进的矩不变图像分割方法

矩不变法是一种简单有效的图像阈值分割方法,但有时存在过阈值分割和欠阈值分割的问题,针对此问题,提出一种DCT系数调整的矩不变图像分割方法.首先对矩不变法得到的初始阈值进行分析获取可能产生过阈值或欠阈值的条件来确定调整方法,然后对图像直方图进行离散余弦变换得到DCT系数,由于DCT系数的低频部分能反映直方图整体情况,故利...     

图像阈值分割的逼近算法

对小目标图像来说,由于目标在图像中所占的面积比较小,目标的灰度信息对整幅图像的贡献很小,因此,利用整幅图像的灰度直方图得到的阈值难以将目标和背景分开。为了获得正确的分割阈值,必须提高目标灰度信息在待分割直方图中所占的比例。最简单的方法是将图像划分为均等的子块,先对各子图像用阈值法进行分割,再将分割后的小区域合并在一起,得到整幅图像的完整的分割结果。这种方法存在如下缺点:     

采用二次灰度直方图的砂轮磨粒图像阈值分割

为了解决金刚石砂轮表面磨粒灰度直方图阈值分割方法对区域划分存在误分割的缺陷,提出一种基于二次灰度直方图连通区域标记磨粒图像分割方法.首先,将原始金刚石磨粒图像转换为灰度图像,并对其滤波处理消除噪声.其次,设定阈值完成第一次直方图阈值分割,消除较小结构暗细节.然后,标记各个连通区域,填上不同的颜色.最后,设定阈值完成第二次直方图阈值分割,获取感兴趣目标磨粒区域.结果表明:文中方法可将感兴趣目标磨粒与背景分离,得到较好的分割效果和较高的分割效率.     

白腐真菌的培养及其在染料污水脱色中的应用

阈值法是图像分割最为常用的方法之一,然而基于一维直方图的阈值方法分割结果容易受噪声的影响.基于二维直方图的二维Fisher准则能够克服一维阈值法缺陷,具有较好的分割性能.但是二维Fisher准则阈值法在求取最优阈值时需要大量的计算,运算速度非常慢.常用的二维Fisher准则阈值优化计算方法如粒子群算法和遗传算法容易陷入局部最优.杜鹃搜索算法是新近提出的一种元启发优化算法,一些经典的函数优化问题测试结果表明杜鹃搜索算法全局寻优能力优于粒子群算法和遗传算法.在介绍杜鹃搜索算法的基础上,提出一种基于杜鹃搜索算法改进的二维Fisher准则阈值分割方法.实验结果证明,提出的方法降低了基本二维Fisher准则阈值法最优阈值的寻找时间,提高了图像分割的实时性,是一种性能良好的图像分割方法.     

基于最小类内方差的快速阈值分割算法

最小类内方差法分割图像时需要计算二次统计量,运算量大,效率不高。以减小运算量为目标,对最小类内方差的方法进行改进,提出一种基于最小类内方差的快速闪值分割算法。从图像的灰度直方图出发,推导出简单的迭代公式,然后利用基于最小类内方差的快速阈值分割算法求出阈值。该算法获取阈值速度快,实时性强,用所获取的阈值分割图像有较好的分割效果。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法运算速度快,分割效果好,具有较高的实用价值。     

图像二维阈值分割的数据场方法

针对图像分割中最优阈值选择这一难题,提出了一种新的图像二维阈值分割方法.该方法引入数据场的思想,将图像从灰度值空间映射到数据场的势空间;将二维灰度直方图的频率作为数据场对象的质量,计算二维直方图元素之间的相互作用和影响,生成二维直方图的三维数据场;再通过势心削除、势心合并等环节获得最优分割阈值,在不明显增加时间复杂度的前提下得到较好的分割结果.对标准图像数据集以及部分加噪声图像的分割实验表明,该方法是合理、有效的,能够适应大多数图像的分割,具有一定的抗噪性能,是经典一维最大类间方差法的有效补充.     

基于自适应阈值的三维图像多尺度边缘检测

目的研究三维图像边缘检测中边缘的定位精度问题,根据多尺度小波变换的方法,提出一种自适应阈值三维图像多尺度边缘检测技术。方法首先对三维医学图像分解成多幅二维图像,再对图像直方图滤波平滑处理,消除噪声的影响,然后对平滑后的直方图进行多尺度分析,找出直方图的谷点,以不同尺度下的谷点比较后自动确定精确阈值,按照阈值对图像分割,然后对分割图像进行边缘检测,最后将多幅二维图像合成三维图像。结果实验表明,该方法能够自动准确选择分割阈值,准确检测三维图像的边缘。结论算法能解决人工估算阈值不够准确的问题,所检测到的三维图像的边缘能够满足目标识别和三维重建的要求。     

基于一阶和二阶亮度矩不变的图像阈值分割的迭代算法

在简要介绍图像的直方图后，着重讨论一种保持图像的一阶和二阶亮度矩不变的条件下对图像进行两级阈值分割的方法，并对这种方法得到的方程采用迭代方法求解，得到较为精确的阈值。     

一种基于直方图的双阈值茄子图像分割方法

论文提出了一种基于直方图的双阈值茄子图像分割方法,考虑到茄子图像的实际特点,找到了R、G、B分量的一个合适的线性组合,并将其直方图化,根据直方图图像确定分割的阈值,试验证明,该方法简单实用,作为机器人视觉系统的一部分其实时性显得尤其有意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with