Effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 thermal barrier coatings

LaMgAl11O19 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were applied to carbon steels with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat by plasma spraying. The effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 TBCs were investigated in 3.5wt% NaCl solution using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD). The results show that a large number of cracks are found in the LaMgAl11O19 TBCs after the samples are heat-treated, including some through-thickness cracks. The corrosion forms of the as-sprayed and heat-treated TBCs are uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion, respectively. The as-sprayed TBCs exhibit three EIS time constants after being immersed for less than 7 d, and then a new time constant ap-pears because of steel substrate corrosion. When the immersion time is increased to 56 d, a Warburg impedance (W) component appears in the EIS data. The EIS data for the heat-treated TBCs exhibit only two time constants after the samples are immersed for less than 14 d, and a new time constant appears when the immersion time is increased further. The heat treatment reduces the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 TBCs. The corrosion products are primarilyγ-FeOOH and Fe3O4.     

炮钢表面等离子堆焊Fe基涂层及其烧蚀行为研究

在炮钢表面利用等离子堆焊分别制备了A、B两种Fe基耐烧蚀涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪分析了涂层的微观组织和元素含量,利用维氏硬度计测量了涂层的硬度,利用高速热流发生装置模拟了火炮发射时的高温高压环境,对涂层进行了烧蚀试验.结果表明,两种Fe基涂层均与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层A的组织主要由Fe-Cr固溶体、Fe₃Ni₂及（Cr,Fe）₇C₃组成,涂层B的组织主要由Fe-Cr固溶体、Cr₃Ni₂、Fe_0.64Ni_0.36及Fe₇C₃组成.经过40次高速热流烧蚀后,电镜下观察涂层A发生的烧蚀行为,其烧蚀过程是由"晶间烧蚀"扩展到"沿晶烧蚀"最后到"全晶烧蚀",电镜下观察涂层B未发生明显的烧蚀行为,但是在热冷循环过程中产生了"穿晶"裂纹,与炮钢相比,两种涂层的耐烧蚀性能均有明显提高.      

Research on C_3N_4 Superhard Compound Thin Film and Its Application

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基体偏压对CrTiAlN镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

应用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术在高速钢和单晶硅基体上制备了一组随基体偏压变化的CrTiAlN梯度镀层,并测试了其摩擦学性能。结果表明,随偏压的增大,镀层的厚度、硬度、膜基结合强度和耐磨性能表现出先升后降、摩擦系数较低、具有良好的韧性;在-75 V左右偏压下沉积的镀层具有最佳的综合性能。通过XRD、SEM的分析表明,由CrN、TiN、AlN、Cr和Ti2N等微晶组成的复合镀层,晶粒细小,属于纳米级颗粒,从而使镀层具有良好的摩擦学性能。     

Nitridation of chromium powder in ammonia atmosphere

CrN powder was synthesized by nitriding Cr metal in ammonia gas flow, and its chemical reaction mechanism and nitridation process were studied. Through thermodynamic calculations, the Cr-N-O predominance diagrams were constructed for different temperatures. Chromium nitride formed at 7002-1200℃ under relatively higher nitrogen and lower oxygen partial pressures. Phases in the products were then investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Cr₂N content varied with reaction temperature and holding time. The results indicate that the Cr metal powder nitridation process can be explained by a diffusion model. Further, Cr₂N formed as an intermediate product because of an incomplete reaction, which was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). After nitriding at 1000℃ for 20 h, CrN powder with an average grain size of 63 nm was obtained, and the obtained sample was analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

Comparison of TiAlN,AlCrN, and AlCrN/TiAlN coatings for cutting-tool applications

Monolayer and bilayer coatings of TiAlN, AlCrN, and AlCrN/TiAlN were deposited onto tungsten carbide inserts using the plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process. The microstructures of the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SEM micrographs revealed that the AlCrN and AlCrN/TiAlN coatings were uniform and highly dense and contained only a limited number of microvoids. The TiAlN coating was non-uniform and highly porous and contained more micro droplets. The hardness and scratch resistance of the specimens were measured using a nanoindentation tester and scratch tester, respectively. Different phases formed in the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The AlCrN/TiAlN coating exhibited a higher hardness (32.75 GPa), a higher Young’s modulus (561.97 GPa), and superior scratch resistance (L_CN = 46 N) compared to conventional coatings such as TiAlN, AlCrN, and TiN.     

金刚石/铜复合材料镀镍工艺的优化

在金刚石／铜复合材料表面通过化学镀镍获得了性能良好的镀层．采用真空钎焊,对各镀层进行焊接热处理,比较几种不同镀镍工艺的镀层性能,包括电镀以及两种不同配方的化学镀,测试各镀层在焊接热处理后的结合强度和耐蚀性等,用扫描电镜观察各镀层焊接前后的表面形貌,并用X射线衍射分析镀层的相结构．结果表明：用柠檬酸钠作络合剂的化学镀层,经过焊接热处理以后,镀层的耐高温性、结合强度以及耐蚀性等性能都要明显好于用丁二酸作络合剂的化学镀层和电镀层．     

45^#钢多弧离子镀硬质涂层的耐磨性

相同工艺条件下，在45＃钢表面多弧离子镀CrN,TiN,(Zr,Ni)N和TiN Ti(C,N)硬质涂层，利用磨损失重法及划痕试验评价了不同涂层的耐磨性，结果表明，CrN涂层具有最优异的耐磨性，另外，利用SEM和XRD分别研究了CrN涂层／45＃钢的剖面形貌和CrN涂层的相组成。     

Cr靶电流对磁控溅射C/Cr复合镀层性能和结构的影响

使用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术制备了C/Cr复合镀层,并研究了Cr靶电流对C/Cr复合镀层摩擦学性能的影响规律。采用XPS检测了C/Cr复合镀层的化学成分,采用XRD分析了镀层的晶相结构,采用SEM观察了镀层的表面和断口形貌。实验结果表明:使用较小的Cr靶电流能改善镀层表面质量,降低镀层摩擦系数;Cr靶电流过大时,镀层的性能明显下降。     

AlTiCrN涂层结合界面组织特征与结合性能

以Ti、Al和Cr为靶材,采用阴极离子镀在YT14硬质合金刀具表面制备一层AlTiCrN涂层,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了其表面和界面形貌、化学元素组成和物相,并用线扫描和面扫描研究了涂层中化学元素在结合界面处扩散机理. 用划痕法表征其界面层结合强度,对界面结合机理进行了讨论. AlTiCrN涂层的物相主要以AlN、CrN和TiN为主,涂层在(111)晶面具有很强的择优取向. 涂层中Al、Ti、Cr和N原子数分数高于基体,在结合界面处呈阶梯状过渡分布,基体中C原子扩散进入TiN、AlN和CrN晶格点阵中,形成明显的扩散层. 涂层结合界面为机械﹢扩散形式,其结合方式主要是由吸附结合、扩散结合和化合结合方式组成. 划痕过程中涂层经历弹性变形、塑性变形和涂层剥离三个阶段,界面结合强度为59. 2 N.     

Influence of chromium on the initial corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in the CO2-O2-H2S-SO2 wet-dry corrosion environment of cargo oil tankers

The influence of Cr on the initial corrosion behavior of low-alloy steels exposed to a CO2–O2–H2S–SO2wet–dry corrosion envi-ronment was investigated using weight-loss measurements, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption tests, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate increases with increasing Cr content in samples subjected to corrosion for 21 d. However, the rust grain size decreases, its specific surface area increases, and it becomes more compact and denser with increasing Cr content, which indicates the enhanced protectivity of the rust. The results of charge transfer resistance (Rct) calculations indicate that higher Cr contents can accelerate the corrosion during the first 7 d and promote the formation of the enhanced protective inner rust after 14 d; the formed protective inner rust is responsible for the greater corrosion resistance during long-term exposure.     

316奥氏体不锈钢渗N/镀CrN复合改性层组织与性能

分别在400、440、480 ℃下对316奥氏体不锈钢进行12 h的渗氮处理,再对渗氮后的试样进行物理气相沉积(PVD)镀CrN薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪(HSR-2M)、电化学工作站等对复合改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、成分、显微硬度、耐磨性以及耐蚀性进行测试.结果表明:400 ℃离子渗N/镀CrN试样耐磨性最差,耐蚀性最好;而480 ℃离子渗N/镀CrN试样耐磨性最好,耐蚀性最差;但比相同温度下单独渗氮试样的综合性能好.     

放电等离子烧结Al20Cr20Fe25Ni25Mn10高熵合金的硬度和腐蚀性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术在不同温度（800、900和200°C）下保温不同时间（4、8和12 min）合成了Al₂₀Cr₂₀Fe₂₅Ni₂₅Mn₁₀高熵合金（HEA）。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪（EDS）、维氏显微硬度计、极化曲线等对合金的微观结构、显微硬度和腐蚀进行了实验研究。X-射线衍射（XRD）表征了所制备合金的成分。EDS结果显示不论烧结参数如何变化,合金均由原始合金元素组成。XRD、EDS和扫描电子显微镜的结果说明所制备的合金具有球形微观结构,呈现出面心立方结构相,这是基于固溶机制形成的。这表明SPS合金具有HEAs的特征。在1000°C保温 12 min生产的合金显微硬度最高,为HV 447.97,热处理后其硬度降至HV 329.47。同一合金表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能。烧结温度升高,Al₂₀Cr₂₀Fe₂₅Ni₂₅Mn₁₀合金可具有更高的密度、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性。     

8407钢与4Cr5MoSiV1钢纵横向热疲劳性能研究

采用自约束热疲劳试验方法,在相同的热处理条件下,对比研究了8407,4Cr5MoSiV1钢的纵横向热疲劳特性,观察分析了两种钢的热 形貌及深度,并选择典型试样进行扫描电镜分析,结果表明,8507钢比4Cr5MoSiV1钢的碳化物颗粒较小,而且分布均匀,从而表现出较好的热疲劳性能,尤其是4Cr5MoSiV1钢的横纵向热疲劳性能差异较8407钢大,即8407钢的各向同性要优于4Cr5MoSiV1钢,与两种钢的横纵向冲击韧性的比值相对应。     

温度对3%Cr管线钢CO_2腐蚀产物膜的影响

经济型低Cr合金钢具有较好的抗CO2腐蚀性能,利用高温高压反应釜研究了3%Cr管线钢的CO2腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等对腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌、化学成分以及结构进行分析,探讨了温度对3%Cr管线钢腐蚀产物膜的影响.结果表明,CO2分压0.8 MPa、液体流速1.0 m.s-1时,在40～140℃范围内,3%Cr管线钢均未发生局部腐蚀,其平均腐蚀速率呈先升高后降低的趋势,峰值温度在100℃左右.3%Cr管线钢的腐蚀产物膜具有两层结构:内层膜为致密的富Cr层(Cr富集程度可高达Cr/Fe=8/5),主要由含Cr化合物和非晶态FeCO3构成,并随着温度的升高,Cr富集程度增加,内层膜厚度降低;外层膜则由晶态FeCO3堆积而成.     

Ti60合金电弧离子镀Ti-Al-Cr防护涂层的抗循环热冲击性能

利用电弧离子镀技术在Ti60合金表面制备了Ti-48Al-5Cr和Ti-48Al-12Cr(原子分数,%)两种涂层.研究了Ti60及涂层样品在高温(900℃和950℃)和室温(强制水冷)之间的抗循环热冲击能力.分析了热冲击过程中样品的质量变化、相组成、表面及截面形貌的显微照片.结果显示Ti-48Al-12Cr涂层具有较好的抗循环热冲击性能,能有效地保护Ti60基体.而Ti-48Al-5Cr涂层不能有效地保护基体,这是因为Cr元素含量不同导致氧化机制的差异.热冲击实验加速了氧化物的剥落和破坏,因此加速了内氧化的发生和裂纹的萌生、扩展.     

CrN/Cr涂层对Ti22Al26Nb合金的高温防护研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在O相Ti22Al26Nb合金表面镀覆CrN以及CrN/Cr涂层并研究了其在800和900℃空气中的等温氧化行为,结果显示O相钛合金表面施加单一的CrN涂层后,涂层表面在氧化时形成了保护性的氧化膜Cr2O3层,因此合金受到了良好的高温防护,但是涂层和基体合金之间发生了明显的互扩散;在CrN涂层和钛合金基体之间施加纯Cr扩散障层后形成的CrN/Cr涂层,其表面除了象单一CrN涂层那样氧化后形成了一层连续、致密、结合良好的保护性氧化膜Cr2O3层外,还能有效的抑制涂层与基体合金之间的互扩散,此外扩散障Cr层的存在使得靠近其基体的晶粒也出现了长大现象。     

A comparative study of four modified Al coatings on Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy

Four modified Al diffusion coatings (Al, Cr? Al, Al?Si and Cr? Al ? Si coatings) were prepared on Ni3Al based single crystal superalloy IC20. The oxidation tests were carried out at 1 150 °C for up to 100 h. Cyclic hot corrosion tests were carried out at 950 °C for 50 h. The results indicate that the oxidation and corrosion resistance s of IC20 alloy are improved significantly by the coatings, and both oxidation and hot corrosion resistances of the four coatings are rated in the order (from worst to best) of Cr ? Al, Al, Cr ? Al ? Si, Al? Si coatings. It is found that the degradations of Al and Cr ? Al coatings are very quick due to the serious inter-diffusion between the coatings and substrates. The inter-diffusion between Si-containing coatings and substrates is reduced since Si effe ctively retards the outward diffusion of Mo. The weak effects of Cr and benefit effects of Si to the oxidation and hot corrosion resistance were discussed. The hot corrosion degradation mechanism of superalloy IC20 was analyzed.     

Cr/WC激光表面改性梯度层组织及磨损行为

用5kWCO2激光器对先后预置不同成分合金粉末的铸造铝硅合金表面进行2次激光扫描，制备了Cr/WC激光表面改性梯度层，并对其显微组织进行了分析，结果表明，在梯度层表面产生了大量的Al9Cr4化合物，且有更多的硅元素固溶在α-Al中，增加了固溶强化的作用，自表面至基体激光改性梯度层的显微硬度呈现明显的连续变化趋势，而单次激光表面改性层与基体之间的显微硬度值则有一突变，微动磨损实验表明，激光改性后的表面抗微动磨损的能力增强，磨损机制不同于铝硅合金基体，而表现出较好的抗粘着损伤性能。     

射频反应磁控溅射制备氧化铬薄膜技术及性能

研究了采用射频反应溅射方法制备氧化铬耐磨镀层的技术和薄膜的性能.结果表明,采用金属靶材进行射频反应溅射时,由于靶材与反应气体的反应,会出现两种溅射模式,即金属态溅射和非金属态溅射,非金属态溅射模式的沉积速率很低.氧化铬薄膜的硬度主要决定于薄膜中Cr2O3含量,在供氧量不足时会生成低硬度的CrO,制备高硬度氧化铬薄膜需要采用尽可能高的氧流量进行溅射.采用在基片附近局域供氧,可以实现高溅射速率下制备出高硬度的氧化铬薄膜.