催化氧化法降解苯酚废水的催化剂的优选

试验采用催化氧化法对苯酚废水进行处理。通过设计正交试验考查活性组分种类、负载量、浸渍时间和焙烧温度对处理效果的影响,并在最优条件下对催化剂寿命和总有机碳(TOC)降解进行考查。结果:影响化学需氧量(COD)去除率大小依次是浸渍时间负载量焙烧温度活性组分种类;催化剂最佳条件为活性组分Co,负载量6%,浸渍时间24h,焙烧温度350℃;连续重复10次使用最优催化剂,COD和TOC的含量呈现较好的相关关系;COD去除率由95.08%降到32.48%,对TOC去除率由95.45%降为26.52%。     

新型催化剂处理煤化工废水的效果研究

煤化工废水来源于煤化工过程,废水中含有大量的有机物和有毒物质,成分复杂,且部分有机物质很难降解,直接排放严重危害水生态环境系统.本试验以3种不同浓度的煤化工废水为试验材料,通过加入不同H2O2的量和控制不同的曝气时间,研究新型催化剂对煤化工废水的处理效果.结果表明,在不加新型催化剂的条件下,对废水中COD去除率只有13%~46%.而加入新型催化剂后,在最佳操作条件下,处理低浓度熄焦废水对COD的去除率达到90%;处理中浓度蒸氨废水对COD的去除率达到94%;处理高浓度焦油分离废水对COD的去除率达到92%.可见,新型催化剂对煤化工废水有较好的处理效果.     

微波辅助类Fenton体系处理印染废水的试验

目的研究微波辅助类Fenton体系降解活性艳红X-3B染料废水的处理效果及p H值、催化剂投加量、H_2O_2投加量、微波辐照时间、功率等因素对废水色度和COD去除率的影响.方法制备催化剂,在微波辅助的条件下,控制pH值、H_2O_2投加量、微波功率及辐照时间、催化剂投加量,比对活性艳红X-3B的处理效果.结果初始色度为1 897倍的活性艳红X-3B废水,在催化剂投加质量浓度为10 g/L、初始pH值为3、H_2O_2投加浓度为17.5 mmol/L、微波功率为400 W,辐照时间为8 min的最优条件下,色度去除率最高可以达到99.08%,COD最大去除率达到89.12%.结论微波辅助类Fenton体系能有效处理活性艳红X-3B废水,提高废水的色度去除率和COD去除率,且该类Fenton体系投药量低,适用的pH范围也更广.     

多相催化氧化法预处理丙烯腈生产过程中的废水

在常压下用催化氧化法对丙烯腈生产工艺的难降解有机废水进行处理。分别采用共沉淀法与浸渍法制备了多种金属元素组成的催化剂。实验证实:单金属元素Cu、M n和Ce对催化氧化活性均有促进作用,可使废水COD和色度的去除率达到20.0%和39.6%。多组分金属催化剂Cu M n Ce Sr对COD和色度的去除率分别达到26.5%和49.2%。经过焙烧获得的浸渍在以活性炭为载体的金属催化剂,其对废水COD及色度去除率分别达到40.9%和42.2%。由此认为所研究的催化剂可以催化降解丙烯腈废水中的有机物,并探讨了催化机理。     

改性粉煤灰处理有机废水的试验研究

针对某电厂粉煤灰,采用三种不同的方法对其进行改性,用于对某石化厂有机废水吸附处理实验,考察了不同加入量和不同温度下的处理效果,分别测定COD和氨氮的去除率,评定改性后粉煤灰的处理效果,同时与颗粒状活性炭的吸附效果进行对比。结果表明,加入量在15-20 g/L时处理效果达到最佳。随着温度的升高,这些吸附材料的吸附能力都是先增加后减小,在20℃左右达到最佳值,且温度对粉煤灰去除氨氮的影响要比对去除COD的影响显著得多。采用NaCO3混合焙烧,H2SO4酸化改性的粉煤灰处理效果最佳,COD去除率可达到76.9%,比改性前提高了9.8%,氨氮去除率可达35.9%,比改性前提高了32.8%,且比同样含量的活性炭对氨氮的去除效率更高。     

湿式催化氧化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

垃圾渗滤液经膜生物反应器（MBR）处理后,COD含量仍很高,浓度甚至高达几万毫克/升,为实现其达标排放还需进行以物理化学方法为主的深度处理。文章采用湿式催化过氧化氢氧化法对某垃圾渗滤液MBR出水进行处理研究。制备了CuO-CeO2系列催化剂,并添加助剂ZrO2和Al2O3,研究其对垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除效果。试验结果表明,制备方法和助剂对催化剂活性影响较大,其中共沉淀法制备的CuO-CeO2-Al2O3催化剂催化效果较好,在10mL垃圾渗滤液中,当氧化剂用量为8mL、催化剂的投加量为0.60g、反应温度为80℃时,垃圾渗滤液中COD去除率达82.46%。     

双氧水催化氧化酸性大红染料废水处理条件实验研究

本文以酸性大红3R模拟废水为处理对象,以双氧水为氧化剂,与制备的催化剂进行了湿式催化氧化技术处理条件实验研究,实验表明:最佳的处理条件为:废水PH值为6,催化剂的投加量为0.5g,氧化剂的投加量为1.5ml,随后将废水置于恒温水浴锅中70℃下反应45 min。在最佳处理条件下进行催化氧化实验,经处理,废水的脱色率达到了97.62%,COD去除率达到了85.22%。     

Pt/GAC催化剂的制备及催化氧化冷凝废水研究

以H2PtCl6·6H2O为前驱体,颗粒活性炭为载体,采用乙二醇还原法制备Pt/GAC催化剂,并用于催化氧化冷凝废水.实验结果表明,当催化剂活性组分Pt负载量为1.5%、焙烧温度为350 ℃、NaOH与Pt的物质的量的比为6∶ 1条件下制备的催化剂具有较高的催化活性,在反应温度40 ℃和常压条件下,催化剂投加量为13.33 g/L和反应时间为2 h,冷凝废水中85%以上的乙醇被氧化,而且催化剂重复使用6次后,冷凝废水中80%以上的乙醇可被氧化,其催化活性仍然达到80%以上.该种条件下制备的催化剂粒径约为5～15 nm,活性组分Pt以Pt0的形式在载体表面均匀分布.     

纳米Fe2O3的制备及其光催化降解造纸废水

利用固相法、回流均匀沉淀法和超声均匀沉淀法等3种方法,制备了多种可见光响应半导体催化剂氧化铁.相同试验条件下,考察了不同制备方法和制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,并用活性最佳的氧化铁对草浆造纸废水进行了光催化降解研究.试验结果表明:微波干燥和高温煅烧均能增强Fe2O3的光活性,且均匀沉淀法较其他两种方法制备的催化剂光活性好;催化剂TEM和RXD检测表明催化剂颗粒平均粒径均小于50 nm;废水pH=3.0,催化剂质量浓度1.0 g/L,H2O2体积分数5‰,紫外光照3 h后,COD去除率达93.1%,出水ρ(COD)为72 g/L,达到国家最新颁布的造纸废水排放标准,且催化剂多次重复使用和废水水样放大对催化剂活性和处理试验效果影响不大.     

Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧深度处理造纸法烟草薄片废水

为进一步降低造纸法烟草薄片废水的污染负荷,采用Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧氧化法处理造纸法烟草薄片废水二级生物处理出水,考察了催化剂用量、臭氧质量浓度、p H值和温度等工艺条件对Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧处理废水效果的影响.结果表明:Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧处理废水过程中,COD降解反应符合表观二级动力学方程,Ti(Ⅳ)的存在提高了反应的动力学速率常数,对废水中有机物的降解起了重要作用;在p H值为8.0,Ti(Ⅳ)用量为0.4 mmol/L,O_3质量浓度为14.76 mg/L,反应温度30℃的条件下,反应60 min后废水的COD和色度去除率分别达到67%和98%,COD去除率比单独臭氧处理提高了24%.红外光谱和紫外光谱分析表明,Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧处理对造纸法烟草薄片废水中难生物降解的烟碱等含氮化合物和木素降解产物具有良好的降解去除效果,大大降低了处理后废水的污染负荷.XRD分析表明,在Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧处理造纸法烟草薄片废水过程中生成了TiO_2和碳酸钙、碳酸镁等沉淀物,增强了废水中污染物的降解去除效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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