水稻需水量对旱涝交替胁迫的响应效应

通过农田水位调控以降低旱涝胁迫对水稻生长影响的研究已成为稻作节水学科研究领域的热点问题.本文基于水位调控技术研究了旱涝交替胁迫下水稻生理胁迫程度和需水量的变化.结果表明:拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期水稻抗旱涝胁迫能力较强,分蘖期和乳熟期较弱;水稻在两个生育期内受到旱涝交替胁迫时,水稻前期胁迫将对后期生长有影响且因后者对应水位不同而存在差异,其中拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期连续进行旱涝交替胁迫处理使水稻生理生长机能遭到破坏,对旱涝胁迫的抵抗能力下降;旱涝交替胁迫下水稻全生育期需水量变化按照拔节孕穗期抽穗开花期乳熟期分蘖期依次降低,此外,除乳熟期处理对旱涝胁迫调控表现为不显著,其余生育期旱涝胁迫对需水量变化影响均显著.     

水稻不同生育阶段稻田水位调控对产量因子及产量的影响

以稻田水位作为调控指标,对水稻分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期和乳熟期进行受旱试验,根据试验资料分析水稻不同生育期受旱对产量及其构成因子的影响。研究表明：水稻分蘖期受旱,对有效穗数最为不利,反而复水后会使穗粒数、结实率有所增加,对千粒质量影响不大,如分蘖期严重受旱,将导致严重减产;拔节孕穗期对水分很敏感,受旱对穗粒数和结实率均产生不利影响,会严重降低产量,而对千粒质量影响并不显著;抽穗开花期受旱对穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量均产生不利影响;乳熟期受旱主要对千粒质量产生不利影响。通过灰色关联度分析,得出水稻产量构成因子对产量贡献最大的为有效穗数。     

气象条件对天津小站稻生长影响分析

气象条件对水稻的产量和品质都有较为直接的影响.通过综合国内外研究成果,阐述极端天气对水稻生长发育的恶劣影响,总结水稻在各个生长期适宜的气象条件;选取近年津南区本地的气象数据,分析确认津南区气象条件比较适宜小站稻生长这一结论,并从不同角度对小站稻种植户提出建议,为进一步提高小站稻稻米质量及种植产量提供理论支持和指导.     

水稻孕穗期土壤干燥引起的不育

水稻孕穗期干旱对籽粒产量影响最大，因为干旱对籽粒产量影响最大，因为干旱使不育性急剧增加。我们的目的是确定干旱期间所引起的不育性的生理过程。试验品种３个：一个水稻品种、２个旱稻品种。采用盆栽，设置几种土壤处理，在孕穗期处理１０天，随着土壤干旱程度的增加，３个样品剑叶伸长率（ＬＥＲ）、干物质生产量（ＤＭＰ）和叶片水势（ＬＷＰ）都降低，而不育度增加。３个品种不育性的增加与ＤＭＰ的降低密切相关。过去认为是     

POD活性与水稻抗旱性的关系

以５种抗旱性不同的水、旱稻品种在水分胁迫条件下全生长期的叶为实验材料，采用愈创木酚法ＰＯＤ活性，探讨不同水稻品种生长期对水分胁迫的反应及其与抗旱性的关系。结果表明，受到水分胁迫的水、旱稻ＰＯＤ活性的高于对照；孕穗期和抽穗期是水分敏感期，在此期间，ＰＯＤ活性上升的幅度高于其它生长期。拔节期和成熟期是水旱稻全生长期中的ＰＯＤ活性较低的时期。     

水稻品种以及施肥措施对稻田甲烷排放的影响

１９９４年４月至１０月，在北京稻田试验田研究了不同水稻品种对甲烷排放的影响以及施肥措施对降低甲烷排放和提高水稻产量的匹配关系。实验表明稻田甲烷排放在品种之间存在着明显差异，实验中品种间甲烷排放通量最大差异可达到五倍。以有机肥混合硫酸铵作底肥并配合不同时间和不同用量的硫酸铵作追肥与仅施混合底肥不施施硫酸铵作追肥的相比较可减少甲烷排放约５８％，水稻产量提高３１．７％。可明显地抑制水稻生长期的甲烷排放高     

氮肥处理对水稻群体小气候及其产量的影响

为研究不同氮肥处理对水稻群体生态的影响,以杂交水稻F优498为材料研究不同氮肥施用水平下群体小气候、产量及纹枯病发病情况的差异.结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加杂交水稻的产量增加,但在高氮条件下产量增加不显著;增施氮肥后虽然结实率和千粒重下降,但是有效穗数显著增加(30%左右)导致了单株产量(19%左右)的提高.同时氮肥增加后其群体通透性(包括透光性和透气性)显著降低,温度降低但湿度增加;这一系列群体小气候的恶化导致纹枯病发病程度增加.氮肥过低无法保证产量,过高则会引起群体生态环境恶化.在中等施氮水平下(150 kg/hm~2),水稻的产量既不会显著降低,群体小气候条件也优于高氮处理.进一步研究不同肥料处理对群体小气候和产量的影响,可以探索出既能达到高产又可以降低病虫害发生的最优措施.     

水稻倒伏的原因及控制措施

水稻倒伏不仅影响水稻产量，同时还影响稻米的品质，生产中水稻倒伏以后一般减产15-20％，灌浆前倒伏可减产30％以上。     

POD活性与水稻抗旱性的关系

以５种抗旱性不同的水、旱稻品种在水分胁迫条件下全生长期的叶为实验材料，采用愈创木酚法测定ＰＯＤ活性，探讨不同水稻品种生长期对水分胁迫的反应及其与抗旱性的关系．结果表明，受到水分胁迫的水、旱稻ＰＯＤ活性均高于对照；孕穗期和抽穗期是水分敏感期，在此期间，ＰＯＤ活性上升的幅度高于其它生长期；拔节期和成熟期是水早稻全生长期中ＰＯＤ活性较低的时期．可以认为，在水分胁迫时，ＰＯＤ活性变化与在大田种植的水、旱稻抗旱性有一定的相关性．通过测定水分胁迫条件下敏感期ＰＯＤ活性变化幅度，可作为某一品种抗旱能力的生物化学指标．     

不同基因型水稻对低温潜沼性逆境的耐受能力及其农艺表现

低温潜沼性逆境是我国稻区常见逆境之一,研究不同基因型水稻对低温潜沼性逆境的耐受能力及农艺表现,对于提高稻田产量具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.研究选取四川盆地常用水稻品种,采用田间试验的方法,观测并分析不同水稻品种的分蘖动态、穗部性状等农艺指标.结果表明:① 低温潜沼性逆境下,耐受能力较强的协优027和冈优188,在分蘖期（5月306月30日）具有较强的分蘖能力,其最大分蘖数分别为24.93和23.90,显著高于其它参试品种;其平均株高增长率在分蘖期分别为5.2%和5.7%,显著低于其它参试水稻品种.② 协优027和冈优188在低温潜沼性逆境下的结实率较非逆境下的结实率分别降低5%和2%,穗长分别降低0.8%和0.1%,降低程度显著低于其它参试品种.③ 协优027和冈优188在低温潜沼性逆境下的稻谷产量分别为7.16,6.61 t/hm 2,显著高于辐优151（4.81 t/hm2）和川谷优204（3.43 t/hm2）.④ 低温潜沼性逆境下,水稻耐潜指数与水稻产量间的相关系数为0.64（P0.05）,与水稻产量降低程度间的相关系数为-0.78（P0.01）.低温潜沼性逆境耐受能力较强的水稻品种（协优027和冈优188）,在低温潜沼性逆境下的分蘖数较多,结实率和穗长降低程度较低,产量降低程度较小,更容易获得高产.水稻耐潜指数可以用来评价不同基因型水稻对低温潜沼性逆境的耐受能力,耐潜指数越高,其在低温潜沼性逆境下产量降低程度越小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has