桥面铺装对中小跨径桥自振频率的影响

为了对桥梁结构计算中是否需要考虑桥面铺装质量对桥梁结构自振频率的影响进行分析,以曲线连续梁桥为对象,采用空间梁单元建立动力分析模型,通过模型桥的实测与计算结果对比分析,验证了空间梁单元模型是可行可靠的。基于现场曲线桥,对实桥进行自振频率实测;与此同时,分别建立4种有限元模型来讨论桥面铺装、护栏质量和尺寸对自振频率值的影响。通过现场实测与4种模型计算的自振频率值得比对分析,表明:模拟考虑的越精确,计算结果与实测结果越接近;但计算工作量大。以精确模拟计算结果为参照,裸梁的计算更接近。针对新建桥,不考虑铺装质量的结果更加合理。在设计计算中往往考虑桥面铺装的质量,却不考虑其对截面几何特性的影响是偏不利的。     

桥面铺装对中小跨径桥自振频率的影响分析

为了对桥梁结构计算中是否需要考虑桥面铺装质量对桥梁结构自振频率的影响进行分析,以曲线连续梁桥为对象,采用空间梁单元建立动力分析模型,通过模型桥的实测与计算结果对比分析,验证了空间梁单元模型是可行可靠的。基于现场曲线桥,对实桥进行自振频率实测,与此同时,分别建立4种有限元模型来讨论桥面铺装、护栏质量和尺寸对自振频率值的影响,通过现场实测与4种模型计算的自振频率值得比对分析,表明：模拟考虑的越精确,计算结果与实测结果越接近,但计算工作量大;以精确模拟计算结果为参照,裸梁的计算更接近。针对新建桥,不考虑铺装质量的结果更加合理,在设计计算中往往考虑桥面铺装的质量,却不考虑其对截面几何特性的影响是偏不利的。     

截面配筋对混凝土框架结构刚度的影响

截面配筋对混凝土构件的轴向和抗弯刚度有提高作用,然而一般混凝土框架结构的内力分析未考虑钢筋的影响,从而低估了结构刚度。基于平截面等假设分析了截面配筋对混凝土构件轴向和抗弯刚度影响原理以及配筋率、混凝土强度等级与轴向、抗弯刚度的关系。再基于纤维梁单元模型,用ANSYS有限元软件对比分析了混凝土框架结构中未考虑钢筋作用、不同配筋率、不同混凝土强度等级的框架结构自振频率,得出以下结果:(1)截面配筋率对抗弯刚度影响大于对轴向刚度影响;(2)截面配筋对以平动为主振型的频率影响大于对以扭转为主振型的频率影响;(3)配筋率越大、混凝土强度等级越低,配筋率对结构刚度影响越敏感。     

考虑人行激励影响的钢筋混凝土框架教学楼动力性能研究

对钢筋混凝土框架教学楼结构进行人行激励实测试验.考虑楼梯对主结构的作用,建立不考虑填充墙影响和考虑填充墙影响的两种有限元模型,通过计算自振周期与实测自振周期进行对比,修正两种有限元模型.通过不同的活载取值分别考虑静止人群荷载、空载和人行激励荷载3种工况,采用IDA分析方法进行动力计算,对比分析上述两种模型在3种工况下的地震动力响应,研究填充墙对结构有限元模型动力性能的影响.计算结果表明,对于考虑人行激励影响的钢筋混凝土框架教学楼结构进行IDA分析时需要考虑填充墙的影响;结构在空载工况下最为有利,静止人群荷载工况次之,人行激励荷载工况下最为不利.     

土-箱形基础-结构动力相互作用的模态试验分析

进行了野外大比例(1：2)土-箱形基础-框架结构动力相互作用模型的试验研究．在假定环境激励是有限带宽白噪声的前提下,用NEXT法测试并分析了该7层框架结构模型脉动响应信号及其动力特性．借助在Matlab环境下编制的程序计算各点响应的功率谱,得到了模型前5阶自振频率．通过现场实测值与底部固结假定下结构三维有限元计算理论值的比较发现,考虑土-结构动力相互作用(SSI)时的自振频率比不考虑土-结构动力相互作用时结柏第一阶自振频率最大降低8．5％．     

土体-框架结构振动台模型实验研究

在进行土体-框架结构的振动台模型实验中,测出了模型体系的加速度、位移和应变反应.首先分析了实验各阶段系统的自振频率及阻尼比的变化情况,然后着重比较了各工况下框架结构的加速度、层间位移和应变反应规律,并与刚性地基实验进行了对比.实验结果表明,相对于仅有水平激振,竖向激振的参与可使结构的反应增加,且位移、应变反应的增量要大于加速度反应的增量;桩体应变要小于框架上的应变;基础上的加速度反应要大于土表反应.土-结构相互作用下的测试结果普遍要大于刚性地基情况下的结果,并且加速度峰值、层间位移峰值沿楼层的变化趋势也不相同,基于刚性地基假定下的计算结果可能偏于不安全,对于结构的抗震设计考虑土-结构相互作用的影响很有必要.     

三层空间框架结构的振动研究

对一个简化的三层空间框架钢结构进行强迫振动试验,得到结构的低阶自振特性;同时对该三层空间框架结构进行有限元分析,通过模态分析模拟得到该结构的低阶自振特性;数值模态分析的低阶结果与实验结果相比较,有良好的一致性,说明计算模型可靠;利用有限元法模拟该空间框架结构的高阶自振特性,为框架结构的建筑或厂房的自振频率的计算提供实验依据和有限元分析依据。     

改进的地基-结构体系上部结构合理性初步分析

文章为了更加真实地反映结构-地基体系在地震作用下的内力和变形特征,在以往结构-地基的地震反应模型中提出的三维空间地基模型的基础上,考虑加上上部刚框架结构,与以往上部四结点平面应力等参单元结构模型模拟上部梁柱构件的不同,采用杆件单元有限元模型.计算表明,上述结构地震反应分析的杆件有限元模型的分析结果与理论分析完全一致,说明了这种模型的合理性,可以进一步应用于结构-地基的动力分析.     

设计参数对大跨屋盖结构自振频率的敏感度分析

基于一较完善的大跨屋盖结构有限元模型,采用扰动法、拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)方法进行了多种设计参数对结构自振频率的敏感度分析,并进行了两种方法的比较.结果表明:两方法分析的6种设计参数对结构自振频率的影响规律基本一致.LHS方法考虑参数间的耦合,所得的分析结果较为真实,具有一定的参考价值.     

建筑结构动力分析有限元模型

为了正确处理结构—地基动力相互作用 ,改善以往固定边界模型将地震能量全部陷入结构计算模型的不合理状况 ,以框架结构为例提出了建筑结构地震反应分析的有限元模型及其透射边界。模型中采用四结点平面应力等参单元模拟上部框架结构的梁柱构件。地基采用平面应变四结点等参单元离散 ,在地基有限元网格中设置底部透射边界和侧面捆绑边界以考虑结构—地基的动力相互作用。算例表明上述建筑结构地震反应分析的有限元模型给出了合理的结构地震反应 ,可进一步应用于地震时结构几何与材料非线性响应直至结构破坏时的计算机仿真。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.