一种结合高精度TDC的快速全数字锁相环

针对传统全数字锁相环锁相周期长、时间数字转换电路量化误差较大等问题,提出了一种在高分辨率时间数字转换器的基础上能够快速锁相的全数字锁相环.本设计提出的相调模块将量化的相位差还原成时间序列,并在状态机的控制下加入到重构信号中,从而能够在检测到相位差之后的最多两个输入参考时钟周期内使相位一次性对齐,锁相时间控制在0.72μs之内;设计的上升沿检测电路能够在重构与参考信号同频时,准确地检测两者上升沿是否同时到来并给出相应的使能信号,从而在锁相时关闭时间数字转换电路,大大降低了电路的功耗;优化了多时钟多相位的时间数字转换器粗量化的计算方法,提高了粗量化速度,增大了计数器位宽,扩大了测量范围,并且量化误差控制在0.25ns之内.最后完成了整体设计的RTL级建模及仿真,结果证明,该全数字锁相环具有锁相速度快、量化精度高、稳定性好、功耗低、输出频率便于调整等特点.     

应用于全数字锁相环中的精度可调的时间数字转换器

本文提出了一种应用于全数字锁相环中的分辨率可调的两级时间数字转换器.第一级采用缓冲器延时链结构,运用可异步重置的触发器作为采样单元;第二级采用Vernier延时链结构以提高时间分辨率.和传统的单级结构相比,两级架构可以在更低的电路面积下实现相同的测量范围,并提供更好的分辨率.为了降低工艺、电压、温度对分辨率的影响,本设计采用了电压控制的延时单元,通过调整其延时来降低分辨率的变化.本设计通过65nm工艺验证,总体面积0.06 mm2.仿真结果表明,在输入频率为1.2～1.8 GHz时,分辨率可达6.15 ps,动态范围1 260 ps,实现8 bits时间数字转换器,功耗仅2.5 mW.     

应用于全数字锁相环的时间数字转换器设计

采用标准0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种应用于全数字锁相环中检测相位差大小的时间数字转换电路（TDC）.针对传统TDC电路的不足,通过加入上升沿检测电路,扩大计数器位宽,使得TDC电路不仅能完成时数转换的基本功能,而且提高了时数转换的准确性,扩大了测量范围.该设计完成了RTL级建模、仿真、综合及布局布线等整个流程.仿真结果表明,该TDC电路工作正常,在1.8V电源电压下,功耗为10 mW,能达到的分辨率约为0.3 ns,版图尺寸为255 μm×265 μm.     

应用于全数字锁相环中的精度可调的时间数字转换器（英文）

本文提出了一种应用于全数字锁相环中的分辨率可调的两级时间数字转换器.第一级采用缓冲器延时链结构,运用可异步重置的触发器作为采样单元;第二级采用Vernier延时链结构以提高时间分辨率.和传统的单级结构相比,两级架构可以在更低的电路面积下实现相同的测量范围,并提供更好的分辨率.为了降低工艺、电压、温度对分辨率的影响,本设计采用了电压控制的延时单元,通过调整其延时来降低分辨率的变化.本设计通过65 nm工艺验证,总体面积0.06 mm2.仿真结果表明,在输入频率为1.2~1.8 GHz时,分辨率可达6.15 ps,动态范围1 260 ps,实现8 bits时间数字转换器,功耗仅2.5 mW.     

基于多级放大结构的高速低功耗时间数字转换器设计

提出一种多级放大时间数字转换器新型结构。该结构由粗测和细测组成, 粗测部分利用延时链得到小于一个延时单元的关键余量, 并设计了面积小、功耗低的关键余量选择逻辑。细测部分, 利用两倍时间放大器和过半判断器从高位到低位依次产生4位二进制码。在SMIC 65 nm工艺下仿真, 新型结构的分辨率为1.44 ps, 量程为736 ps, 转换速度可达470 MS/s, 在100 MHz频率下, 平均功耗仅为1.3 mW。对两倍时间放大器设计了校准电路, 提高了抵抗PVT的能力, 得到良好的积分非线性。     

0.18m CMOS中用于频率综合的时间数字转换器

该文提出一种应用于全数字锁相环高分辨率的时间数字转换器TDC。该TDC延时单元由两级特殊的反相器构成,其中第一个反相器只考虑上升沿,而第二个反相器只考虑下降沿,通过合理选择两级反相器的尺寸可使总延时小于传统延时单元的一半,从而提高了TDC的分辨率。针对这种只考虑单沿的延时单元,该文还提出了相应的TDC系统。实验结果表明,在0.18μm CMOS工艺下,该文提出TDC的分辨率能达到28 ps。     

基于FPGA的时间-数字转换电路设计

采用VHDL语言,设计了一种基于现场可编程逻辑阵列FPGA的TDC(Time Digital Converter)时间-数字转换电路,对时间-数字转换电路的方法进行了研究,目的在于研究一种可以在航天器导航系统中利用脉冲星X射线光子脉冲的方案。为了解决在时间测量上难以同时获得大动态与高分辨率的难题,本文基于FPGA芯片对时间内插法进行了改进,采用粗时间测量与细时间测量相结合的方法,提出了基于延时单元的TDC方法。     

高精度模数混合SAR ADC校准算法

针对高速逐次逼近型模数转换器中的比较器失调和电容失配问题,设计一种模拟前端“粗”校准与数字后端“细”校准相结合的模数混合校准技术,对系统失调电压以及电容失配分别进行抵消、量化与补偿,从而在保证模数转换器采样速率的同时能够有效提高转换精度和信噪比。基于12位模数转换器对所提出的电路结构和校准算法进行了Matlab行为级建模仿真,算法校准后在80 MHz采样率下信噪失真比达到73.28 dB,有效位数11.88 bit,分别比校准前提高15.1dB与2.5 bit。     

应用于时间数字转换器的补偿校准算法及电路

文章提出一种基于相位内插型时间数字转换器(time-to-digital converter, TDC)的补偿算法及校准电路,通过该电路能有效地解决由于亚稳态和PVT(process, voltage and temperature)因素变化引起的TDC的采样错误,并且不需要额外的计数器、锁频电路或基于统计方法学的复杂结构。基于该方法的TDC电路采用CMOS 0.110μm工艺设计实现,版图面积仅为380×140μm²,在1.2 V电源下功耗为4.2 mW。仿真结果表明：系统分辨率为104 ps,最大微分非线性(differential nonlinearity, DNL)和积分非线性(integral nonlinearity, INL)分别为0.3、2.5 LSB,证明依据该算法的TDC电路具有良好的时间精度和线性度。     

0.18m CMOS中用于频率综合的时间数字转换器

该文提出一种应用于全数字锁相环高分辨率的时间数字转换器TDC。该TDC延时单元由两级特殊的反相器构成,其中第一个反相器只考虑上升沿,而第二个反相器只考虑下降沿,通过合理选择两级反相器的尺寸可使总延时小于传统延时单元的一半,从而提高了TDC的分辨率。针对这种只考虑单沿的延时单元,该文还提出了相应的TDC系统。实验结果表明,在0.18μmCMOS工艺下,该文提出TDC的分辨率能达到28ps。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with