多晶半导体三碱光电阴极厚度研究

该文利用多晶半导体三碱光电阴极量子产额公式,研究了光电阴极厚度D与光吸收系数α_T(hv)和光电子逸出深度L的关系,指出阴极厚度与光电阴极光谱响应峰值位置有关。对第一类阴极,厚度应为30nm左右。对第二类阴极则为90nm。预计可通过光电阴极光谱响应峰值位置设计光电阴极厚度。研究结果首次定量给出:随着光电子逸出深度和入射光子波长的增加,光电阴极厚度将增加。如果L在40～55nm之间,则对1.0μm敏感的阴极厚度应在120nm左右。     

关于锑碱高效能光阴极光电子逸出特性的分析研究

本文从讨论半导体光电发射出发,提出了光电子能量损失速率的概念.运用所导出的理论公式,对实用锑碱光阴极的光电子逸出深度和逸出几率做了计算.结果表明:S-11光阴极的最大逸出深度为284A.与之相比,多碱光阴极有较大的逸出深度,这应归因于它有合适的带隙,较高的二次电子空穴对生成阈值以及较低的有效电子亲和势.最后,分析了阴极厚度对长波、短波响应的影响,给出了S-20VR光阴极的实际厚度约为1300A.     

S20光电阴极光谱响应特性的理论研究

该文根据光电阴极的量子产额谱，导出了光谱响应Ｓ（λ），通过选择合适参数，计算的Ｓ２０光谱响应曲线与实验基本吻合。该文也分析了阴极厚度Ｄ，阴极结构参量Ｐ，光电阴极光谱响应截止波长λ＿ｊ和光电子逸出深度Ｌ对Ｓ（λ）的影响，认为Ｄ、Ｐ和λ＿ｊ是决定Ｓ２０阴极性能的主要因素。     

多碱光电阴极光电信息测试结果与分析

该文根据多碱光是阴极光学信息和光电流监控原理，给出了理论模型，研制了测试仪器，例举了测量结果，并对此作了简单分析，理论的多碱光电阴极光学反射率Ｒ（ｄ）和实测的Ｒ（ｄ）比较可以控制阴极成分，并给出阴极厚度的信息、多碱光电阴极的单色光电流Ｉ（ｄ）、光电子逸出深度以及大量的工艺信息，借此可以调整工艺，改善光电阴极的光谱响应。     

New S-25光电阴极红外延伸原因研究

该本研究了S-25与New S-25光电阴极的红外光谱响应特性,分析了New S-25光电阴极红外延伸的原因。研究结果表明:在850～1000 nm范围内New S-25光电阴极红外光谱响应明显提高,主要归因于阴极层较厚,具有较大的阴极结构参量和截止波长。这既是New S-25光电阴极的创新之处,也代表了碱锑光电发射材料的发展方向。     

多碱光电阴极单色光电流测试技术研究

多碱光电阴极的单色光电流实质上反映的是其在该单色光照射下的量子产额。该文阐述了单色光电流的测试原理和影响量子产额的因素,介绍了多碱光电阴极多信息量测试系统,该系统可在多碱光电阴极制备过程中在线测试、处理阴极的单色光电流,测得的曲线有助于分析和指导工艺,从中还可得到光电子逸出深度的信息。该文给出并分析了在该系统应用于玻璃阴极实验管制备过程中的测试结果。     

锑层厚度对锑銫陰极光电发射的关系

我们的工作目的是为制造光电倍增管和其他光电元件提供一具有较高灵敏度的锑銫光电发射面。光电倍增管中的光电流是“背射”光电流(入射光与光电子逸出在光电阴极的二面)。对于“背射”光电流,实验确定,在其他条件相同时,存在一最佳之锑层厚度,相应于此锑层厚度的光电灵敏度最大。     

三碱阴极量子产额谱的研究

本文讨论了Na_2KSb(Cs)光电阴极的量子产额。引进阴极结构参数P和单晶吸收系数α_p(hv),推导了半透明多碱阴极量子产额表达式。通过选择合适参数,求得的S_(20),S_(20R),S_(25),V_(aro),New S_(25)和LEP~*(＊法国电子学和应用物理实验室制备的三碱阴极)光电阴极的量子产额谱与实验完全一致。文中还计算了理想三碱阴极的量子产额。结果表明三碱阴极仍是很有发展潜力的实用光电阴极。     

Sb_2S_3及PbS多晶薄膜的某些光电导现象

分析了具有晶粒间载流子势垒的多晶半导体簿膜的导电和光电导性。证明了这种势 垒的存在使薄膜的电阻和光导比灵敏度值增加,产生复合噪音作用相对于１／ｆ噪音增 长,信噪比则可能有所提高。 对Ｓｂ２Ｓ３及ＰｂＳ薄膜的上述性质和其与膜的结构的联系进行了实验研究。已证实,在这些膜中存在晶粒间势垒,并且在所研究过的薄膜的光电导性中他们确起着重要的作用。＄（一）节中多晶薄膜模型棵用Ｒ、Ｌ,ｎｔｒｉｔｚ在Ｐｈｙｓ．Ｒｅｖ．１０４;１５０８（１９秘）一文山提出的假设．     

CsI/Ni薄膜系统的化学深度剖面分布

利用XPS研究了CsI/Ni薄膜系统的深度剖面分布,研究结果指出:CsI膜在20～200℃的温度范围内是热稳定的,而且CsI膜厚度随烘烤温度增加而增加。由于Ni扩散至CsI层内,CsI/Ni紫外光电阴极长波阈向长波延伸。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the