具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

主变差动保护相位校正方式的量化比较分析

在主变差动保护的实现中,需要根据变压器接线组别的不同进行相位校正,常用的校正方式有两种,对主变差动回路的差流构成影响.对常见差动保护范围内各种横向短路故障情况下的差流进行对比分析,具体量化地揭示了两种相位校正方式对差流的影响,对差动保护算法中相位校正方式的认识有明确而有益的指导作用.     

基于互模糊函数的时差频差估计算法及实现途径

针对双站无源定位系统中的时差频差测量问题,该文研究了利用互模糊函数对雷达信号进行时差频差联合估计的可行性及算法,分析并推导了常见雷达信号的时差频差估计标准差表达式,给出了典型雷达信号时差频差联合估计的仿真结果及实现途径,仿真结果表明:通过采用并行处理与缩小搜索范围等措施,有效缩短了模糊函数的计算时间.     

Cauchy微分中值定理的推广

给出了一个一般形式的微分中值定理,Rolle中值定理、Lagrange中值定理、Cauchy中值定理都作为这一定理的特殊情况。     

外积与外微分运算及其应用

简要介绍了微分几何的发展和外微分在微分流形中的重要性,着重讨论向量代数与外积运算的相关性,探讨向量分析与外微分的关系,并得到了多种常用运算公式的外微分表示,最后从外微分角度,对数学分析中四大基本公式(莱布尼兹公式、斯托克斯公式、格林公式、高斯公式)作了统一表述.     

二阶模糊微分方程的数值解

研究了二阶模糊微分方程的数值解,给出并证明了二阶模糊微分方程的2个特征定理,利用特征定理二阶模糊微分方程可以转化为微分方程组,从而求得二阶模糊微分方程的解。     

Application of spline wavelet transform in differential of electroanalytical signal

Investigating characteristics of spline wavelet, we found that if the two-order spline function, the derivative function of the three-order B spline function, is used as the wavelet base function, the spline wavelet transform has both the property of denoising and that of differential. As a result, the relation between the spline wavelet transform and the differential was studied in theory. Experimental results show that the spline wavelet transform can well be applied to the differential of the electroanalytical signal. Compared with other kinds of wavelet transform, the spline wavelet transform has a characteristic of differential. Compared with the digital differential and simulative differential with electronic circuit, the spline wavelet transform not only can carry out denoising and differential for a signal, but also has the advantages of simple operation and small quantity of calculation, because step length, RC constant and other kinds of parameters need not be selected. Compared with Alexander Kai-man Leung’s differential method, the differential method with spline wavelet transform has the characteristic that the differential order is not dependent on the number of data points in the original signal.     

微分环在强流陡脉冲测量中的抗干扰研究

论述了测量强流陡脉冲的微分环存在不可避免的内部电感应干扰信号,采用中部开缝屏蔽的微分环对降低这种干扰效果是明显的,其微分信号测量信噪比为２７,而双微分环差动平衡抗干扰技术的采用,更使微全测量信噪比达５７。     

几类泛函微分方程的稳定性比较研究

泛函微分方程是对各种具有复杂变元的微分方程和带有各种滞后量的积分微分方程等的抽象概括,其稳定性研究在现代化的科学研究中具有重要的作用;在此,就中立型泛函微分方程、非线性泛函微分方程和随机时滞泛函微分方程的稳定性进行了探讨;不同类型的泛函微分方程采用的数值方法尽管有相似之处,但也有一些区别;无论哪种方法,都旨在为泛函微分方程的稳定性研究提供可靠的理论保障。     

采场模糊渗流定解问题的可表示性

采空区气体模糊渗流问题由模糊偏微分方程所描述，模糊微分方程是未知函数及其导数与已知模糊函数或者模糊常数的条件等式。方程解的模糊性是由已知模糊函数或模糊常数所引起的。当已知函数或常数为区间值函数或区间数时，相应的方程为区间微分方程，由于模糊函数或模糊数的截集为区间值函数或区间数，通常，模糊微分方程的解是利用模糊函数或模糊数截集所对应的区间微分方程解通过表现定理给出。由于模糊微分方程的解必须是模糊函数，如果通过表现定理给出的模糊微分方程方程的解是模糊函数，则称方程的解是可表示的，本文在给出模糊微分方程解的可表示定义同时给出了解的可表示判定条件，并且证明了有采空区气体模糊渗流定解问题的可表示性。