氯甲基化聚砜/聚砜共混超滤膜的制备

以氯甲基化聚砜(CMPSF)和聚砜(PSF)为膜材料,以聚乙二醇(PEG600)为添加剂,采用L-S相转化法制备CMPSF/PSF共混超滤膜.对CMPSF/PSF共混膜进行季铵化探索,并通过扫描电镜观察膜的断面结构.运用均匀设计方法安排实验,用SPSS软件进行数据处理,得到水通量的回归方程.通过单因素影响模拟计算,考察共混比、聚合物浓度、添加剂浓度和挥发时间等制膜条件对水通量的影响.研究结果表明,最优制备参数是:聚合物总浓度为22%,共混比(m(CMPSF)/m(PSF))为1/4,添加剂含量为6%,蒸发时间为90 s.CMPSF/PSF共混超滤膜的水通量为195.3 L/(m2 ·h),在操作压力为0.2 MPa时对聚乙烯醇PVA(相对分子质量为31 000～50 000)的截留率为99.5%;CMPSF/PSF共混膜季铵化后水通量降低,截留率变化不大;CMPSF/PSF共混膜断面形态属于典型的非对称指状孔结构,季铵化后膜发生了溶胀.     

络合剂FeCl_2对制备低截留分子量聚砜超滤膜的影响

以聚砜(PSF)为膜材料,水为凝胶剂,采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备PSF超滤膜,在制膜过程中添加亲水性聚合物聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)和络合剂FeCl_2,改变PSF膜的亲水性,并对其性能进行表征。通过对PSF膜的共混改性制备低分子截留超滤膜。分析了铸膜液温度、凝胶浴温度及支撑层对PSF膜性能的影响,通过控制实验条件,制备出截留分子量为2000~10000的超滤膜。     

聚氯乙烯/聚砜共混中空纤维超滤膜的研制

将聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚砜(PSF)共混，采用干-湿纺工艺制备了中空纤维超滤膜。通过实验对PVC／PSF共混体系的相容性进行了研究，并讨论了铸膜液的组成、制膜条件对膜性能的影响。     

PEG浓度及温度对聚砜铸膜液流变学和热力学性质的影响

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)和N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为混合溶剂,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为添加剂制备聚砜(PSF)铸膜液,采用旋转流变仪测定PSF铸膜液黏度,采用浊点滴定法绘制浊点相图,定量研究了温度和PEG浓度对聚砜铸膜液流变学和热力学性质的影响.在剪切速率0-100 s-1范围内,对铸膜液剪切速率和剪切应力的检测值进行拟合,得知聚砜铸膜液为牛顿流体,进而求出聚砜铸膜液的黏度值.结果表明,聚砜铸膜液黏度随PEG浓度的增大而增大,随温度的升高而减小.PEG减弱了铸膜液对非溶剂的容纳能力,加速铸膜液的液一液相分离;温度升高可增大铸膜液对非溶剂的容纳能力,减缓铸膜液的液一液相分离,     

PVDF/PMMA/PES 共混膜的制备及性能研究

 以聚偏氟乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚醚砜(PVDF/PMMA/PES)为三元共混体系,采用浸没沉淀法制备共混超滤膜,以期改善PVDF 膜的亲水性能,提高其抗污染性。结果表明,当PVDF:PMMA:PES 的质量比为85:10:5,80:15:5,75:15:10 及70:20:10 时,共混体系相容性较好,且所制备的膜亲水性较好。当PVDF:PMMA:PES 的质量比为70:20:10 时,水通量为43 L·m^-2·h^-1、孔隙率为73%,前进角为75.88°,后退角为20.22°。     

聚苯胺-蒙脱土复合物改性PVDF超滤膜的制备及性能

以过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,采用原位化学氧化法制备出亲水性的聚苯胺-蒙脱土(PANI-MMT)插层纳米复合物.通过共混的方式将PANI-MMT添加到PVDF/PVPK30/NMP铸膜体系中,利用浸没沉淀相转化法制备出PANI-MMT改性PVDF平板超滤膜,系统考察了PANI-MMT添加量对膜结构和性能的影响.红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,聚苯胺(PANI)插层到蒙脱土(MMT)的层状间隙中;扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)结果显示,改性膜内部指状孔数量增加,膜表面粗糙度增大;孔隙率、接触角、水通量及牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留测试等表明,添加PANI-MMT后,PVDF膜的亲水性能显著提升,当添加量为0.5%时,纯水通量达到最大值445.86 L/(m2·h).改性膜对BSA的截留率无明显变化,均可保持在90%以上;热重分析显示,改性膜具有增强的热稳定性,在600℃条件下不易分解;此外,经PANI-MMT改性的PVDF超滤膜的通量恢复率(FRR)显著提高,5个循环的抗污染性能测试后,M2膜(PANI-MMT添加量为0.5%)的FRR仍保持在85%以上,显示出良好的抗污染稳定性能.     

PES/SPES共混平板复合膜的制备及性能表征

采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备了聚醚砜/磺化聚醚砜（PES/SPES）共混平板复合膜,并对其进行性能表征.铸膜液配比对膜性能有较大的影响：聚合物浓度增大,膜孔径变小、膜厚增大、水通量变小;PVP的添加能有效改善复合膜的亲水性,膜的接触角随PVP含量增大而减小;膜的水通量随铸膜液中PVP含量的增大先增大后减小,当PVP含量为6%时,水通量达到最大值;接触角随共混聚合物中SPES含量的增大而减小,且随聚合物组份中SPES含量的增加,水通量先逐渐增加,并在质量配比为PES/SPES（8：2）时达到最大值,随后水通量逐渐下降.     

NH_3等离子体特性及表面改性PAN超滤膜

针对超滤膜表面易受蛋白质污染的问题,采用低温氨等离子体改性聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜,对放电过程中NH_3等离子体进行光谱诊断.通过测定改性前后膜接触角、纯水通量和BSA通量等指标,分析等离子体改性后超滤膜亲水性和抗污染性能的变化.结果表明,功率120 W,处理时间120s,接触角由原膜的57°降至20°,纯水通量、BSA通量和截留率均明显增大,等离子体改性能够有效提高超滤膜的亲水性和抗污染能力.通过双谱线法计算得出,等离子体放电过程中,电子温度随功率的增大而减小;随着压强的增大,电子温度逐渐升高.     

聚乙二醇对聚芳醚砜铸膜液体系及膜性能与结构的影响

以新型耐高温工程塑料--含酚酞侧基的聚芳醚砜(PES-C)为膜材料,参考溶度参数差计算结果,采用浊点滴定法、黏度的测定和凝胶动力学实验考察聚乙二醇对铸膜液体系的相分离曲线、黏度和凝胶速度的影响.采用相转化法在平板刮膜机上制备了系列超滤膜,研究了聚乙二醇对膜性能和结构的作用规律.结果表明,聚乙二醇含量增加,使三元体系发生相分离时所需的水量降低,铸膜液黏度增加,凝胶速度下降,水通量降低,截留率上升.     

粉末活性炭改性聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜的制备及性能

以粉末活性炭(PAC)为改性剂,通过共混杂化的方法加入聚偏氟乙烯的铸膜液中,采用相分离法制得一系列含有不同PAC比例的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜。通过电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、接触角测量、红外光谱等表征手段对改性膜和空白膜的结构和性能进行对比和分析,并以腐殖酸(HA)溶液和市政二沉池出水为处理对象进行过滤实验,研究PAC的添加对超滤膜的抗污染性能影响。结果表明:PAC的添加可以提升超滤膜的孔隙率,改善亲水性,增强纯水通量和污染物阻截率。以纯水通量最高的活性炭杂化超滤膜和空白膜作为对照组进行腐殖酸溶液和市政二沉池出水的过滤实验,发现PAC的添加可以增强超滤膜的抗污染性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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