软土基坑周围地表沉降估算

随着地下空间开发利用规模的加大,基坑工程的数量越来越多,基坑工程问题也越来越多,因此在软土地区由基坑开挖引起的地表沉降越来越受到人们的重视.本文通过上海地区基坑工程实例,在分析总结基坑周围地表沉降变形计算方法的基础上,采用Peck法按指数曲线拟合得出基坑周围地表沉降变形,同时将支护结构变形诱发的地表沉降与实测沉降进行比较.结果表明,该法对基坑周围地表沉降的预测和周围环境的损害预防具有一定的实用性和可靠性,对以后的工程有一定的借鉴意义.     

软土地区基坑支护中地表沉降的实用评估方法

根据软土地区深基坑的经验公式，推导出深基坑开挖中由支护结构变形引起地表沉降的估算公式，提出了按正态分布密度函数拟合基坑周围地表沉降曲线的方法，结合工程实例，与现场实测值作对比分析，说明该方法具有一定的实用性和可行性。     

地铁深基坑开挖对周围地表沉降的影响

为研究基坑在开挖期间引起的地表以及地表上建筑沉降的规律,在理论分析的基础上,结合沈阳柳条湖站基坑现场监测数据,提出了地表沉降数值计算模型,并对计算模型中的参数进行了分析.研究结果表明:考虑支护结构侧移影响下建立起来的数值计算模型具有一定的合理性,能够很好地预测基坑周围地表的沉降趋势;基坑沉降计算模型的建立实现了定量地分析地表沉降问题,能够准确计算基坑周围不同距离地表的沉降值.研究初步建立计算地表沉降的模型,有助于完善沈阳地区地铁车站设计施工过程中地表沉降分析和预测的理论.     

深基坑开挖对周边地表沉降变形的影响

为有效控制基坑周边地表的沉降变形,应用弹塑性大变形理论与有限差分理论,对哈尔滨地区桩-锚支护形式下深基坑开挖引起的周边地表沉降进行了数值模拟,分析了开挖深度、锚杆层数、建筑物距离对基坑周边地表沉降变形的影响规律及基坑周边地表沉降变形的量化范围。结果表明,基坑周边地表的沉降量与沉降范围随锚杆层数的增加而减小;建筑物的存在不仅增大了地表的沉降量,而且使基坑周围地表的最大沉降区向基坑方向移动;当建筑物与基坑的距离小于1.0倍基坑设计开挖深度时,建筑物距离对地表沉降变形的影响较明显;基坑开挖对周边地表的影响范围基本在与基坑边缘相距1.5倍基坑设计开挖深度范围之内。     

软土地区深基坑施工监测与变形特性的时空效应分析

软土地区基坑开挖时周围土体及支护结构的变形与稳定受时间、空间效应影响显著。为研究时空效应对基坑地表沉降、基坑外潜水水位、砼支撑轴力及围护桩深层水平位移的影响,以上海陶家宅块地为工程背景,通过对实测数据进行分析,探讨各个监测项目的变形特性。数据分析表明:地表沉降的最大值位于围护墙后约基坑挖深距离处,1～2倍挖深范围内沉降呈递减趋势;坑角位置处内支撑轴力小于基坑中部,支撑轴力在基坑开挖阶段增速较大,在垫层施工完毕,底板发挥作用后趋于稳定;当基坑开挖深度约为围护桩长1/2时,围护桩深层最大侧向位移出现在自然地面±0.00以下,开挖面以上(0.73～0.82)H范围内;软土地区基坑开挖完成至底板浇筑阶段,土体的蠕变是导致基坑变形随时间变化的主要因素。对坑周地表沉降及基坑不同位置处围护结构侧移提出合理的预测公式,有效地对基坑变形进行动态控制以实现信息化施工。     

上海软土地区深大基坑卸荷变形机制

通过室内K0试验和数值分析以及工程实测,并结合近年来上海软土地区深大基坑的工程实践,对深大基坑卸荷变形的影响因素和影响区域特性以及坑周的地表沉降机制进行了研究,对基坑卸荷变形的影响范围按变形特性进行分析和归纳.结果表明:上海软土深大基坑卸荷变形的影响深度范围为坑底以下2.5倍开挖深度;当基坑开挖宽度达到5倍开挖深度以上时,在围护结构底与影响深度范围内存在深层土体滑移带,坑外地表沉降影响范围扩大到3.5倍开挖深度以上,且地表最大沉降值是基坑侧向变形最大值的1～2倍;深大基坑与窄条基坑的变形特征有明显区别.针对深大基坑卸荷变形的特点,提出了减少和控制其卸荷变形的设计对策和工程措施,以保护周边设施和环境,为软土地区的深大基坑工程设计、施工提供借鉴和参考.     

黄浦区洛克外滩源深基坑监测研究

结合大量现场实测数据,系统分析了基坑开挖过程中维护结构变形、地表沉降以及周围建筑物的变形规律,监测结果显示:维护墙体变形整体呈"纺锤"状,并具有明显的时空效应,随着开挖深度的不断加深,地下连续墙水平位移的最大值也不断向下移动;地表沉降曲线表现出明显的"沉降盆",在距离基坑边缘一定距离处达到最大值,并随着距基坑距离的不断增大,地表沉降逐渐减小,且深层土体的开挖对地表沉降的影响尤为明显;加强邻近历史建筑物侧的基坑维护和防水措施以及对历史建筑物地基的加固处理有效地控制了历史建筑物沉降.结论对在密集建筑群中软土地基上基坑设计和开挖具有一定的实用价值和借鉴意义.     

基坑群深层承压水降水及地层沉降的数值模拟

目的研究软土地区基坑群施工遭遇深层承压水的问题,找出降水后的地层沉降规律.方法以上海市轨道交通换乘枢纽汉中路车站为工程背景,基于多层土地下水分布规律,利用岩土数值分析软件Geo Studio2007,对深层承压水降水的现场运行工况进行模拟.结果分析得出基坑群深层承压水降水后水位分布及其引起的地层沉降规律,并与现场实测数据进行了对比验证.结论承压含水层的上覆土层是否发生压缩变形,与含水层上部相邻土层的透水性密切相关;基坑围护结构对于地表沉降存在隔断作用,表现为围护结构两侧地表沉降值呈现突变;相邻基坑围护结构有利于地表沉降的收敛,一定程度上控制了地表沉降;基坑之间地表沉降呈现线性变化的特点.     

基坑周边地表沉降特征研究

结合某地铁站深基坑施工,对基坑工程设计中常用的基本参数进行了对比研究. 通过对各参数实测数据的曲线拟合和数值计算得出软土地区深基坑开挖对地表沉降的主要影响范围、沉降最大值及支护主体的最大水平位移,并把实测数据的数值计算结果与经验估算值进行比较,验证经验参数对同类软土地区的实际工程适用性,对地表沉降规律提出了分段分析的方法.     

建筑群内深基坑开挖的地表沉降特性数值模拟研究

建筑群内深基坑开挖造成的地表沉降问题是当前基坑计算理论研究的热点问题。采用因子变化法,利用FLAC3D对基坑开挖引起的坑外地表沉降进行了数值模拟研究,并分析参数灵敏度对坑外地表沉降的影响。研究表明:基坑周围建筑物的布置特征、建筑高度和建筑与基坑的距离对基坑外土体的沉降量影响较大,建筑的不均匀分布将增加基坑及周围沉降值;建筑物高度相同时,距离与沉降量成反比关系;当建筑物距离基坑边缘距离相同,建筑物的高度与基坑周围土体沉降量成正比关系;建筑物的高度比建筑物距离基坑边缘的距离对基坑周围土体沉降量的影响更大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the