锌基底上含金属锡的超疏水表面的制备

针对超疏水金属表面广阔的应用前景,采用氯化亚锡的丙酮溶液,十八硫醇的丙酮溶液为疏水剂在锌基底上构建了超疏水表面,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)进行了结构表征和疏水性能测试.结果表明,超疏水表面具有微纳米阶层结构,静态接触角为158°,滚动角小于5°.     

八宝景天叶片表面润湿性测试与疏水机理分析

为探寻用于超疏水表面制备的仿生原型,测试了八宝景天(Hylotelephium erythrostictum)叶片表面对水滴的润湿性,采用扫描电镜和三维形貌干涉仪对叶片表面微形貌结构进行观测并提取特征参数,基于Wenzel方程和Cassie-Baxter方程构建模型用以分析叶片表面的疏水机理。结果表明:润湿性随叶片类型的不同而呈现差异,其中新鲜幼叶正、反表面的接触角分别为(147.25±3.79)°和(137.46±4.03)°,新鲜幼叶反面的接触角高达152.54°;叶片表面由排列连续致密且呈椭球形的凸包和交错排列成网状且形貌不规则但可辨别轮廓的蜡质晶体构成,不同类型叶片表面的凸包形貌呈现显著差异但蜡质晶体形貌未有明显区别;幼叶正、反表面的凸包具有相似的高度但分布密度和投影面积显著不同,蜡质晶体层的高度和面积比未有明显差异;微米级凸包和纳米级蜡质晶体的协同作用使叶片表面呈现疏水特性且蜡质晶体发挥关键作用。基于Cassie-Baxter方程构建的模型能够有效揭示叶片表面的疏水机理,并可为超疏水表面的仿生制备提供理论支持。     

B10白铜表面超疏水膜的制备及其耐腐蚀性能研究

以B10白铜为基底,采用刻蚀、煅烧和表面改性的方法制备了超疏水膜,采用K100-MK2型张力仪测量超疏水膜的接触角,采用扫描电子显微镜观察超疏水膜的表面形貌,采用电化学工作站测试超疏水膜在3.5% NaCl（%表示质量分数）水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,刻蚀、煅烧后的B10白铜样品分别在溶液A中改性5 min、在溶液B中改性12 h后,得到的两种超疏水膜的接触角可分别达到153.2°和151.5°。将两种超疏水膜分别在3.5% NaCl水溶液中腐蚀10 d后,与裸B10白铜相比,仍表现出较好的耐腐蚀持久性。该方法为制备具有抗腐蚀和自清洁性能的超疏水表面提供了一条有效途径,可用于金属材料的表面改性。     

超疏水表面仿生原型制备技术研究分析

超疏水表面(superhydrophobic surface)是指水滴静态接触角>150°且滚动角<10°的材料表面,广泛应用于自清洁、防腐蚀、疏水抑冰与船舰减阻等诸多工程领域。基于仿生工程学原理,人们对典型超疏水仿生原型进行广泛研究,以期获取超疏水表面研制的理论基础。从呈现超疏水润湿现象的典型动植物体表入手,综述其表面微形貌结构特征对超疏水润湿特性的影响机制,介绍材料表面超疏水润湿行为量化表征的数学模型;重点关注仿生超疏水表面制备技术的最新研究进展,包括传统制备方法与3D打印制备技术,以及超疏水表面制备样件的功效表征;分析指出仿生超疏水表面的低成本、大面积、功效持久性是该领域未来发展的重要方向。研究成果可加深学者对超疏水润湿特性的认知,推动超疏水表面仿生研制新思路、新方法、新技术的发展。     

Superhydrophobicity from microstructured surface

Surface wettability, as one of the most essentialproperties of solid surface, is a very common interfacephenomenon in our daily life and nature. It takes place ina variety of activities of all creatures in nature, and alsoplays a key role in our daily life and industrial and agri-cultural applications. Surface wettability can be measuredby contact angle (CA). Basically, surface with a CA ofwater lower than 90° can be called a hydrophilic surface,while the CA of a hydrophobic surface is grea…     

纳秒激光制备钛表面纹理结构及其润湿性研究

激光加工技术可在材料表面形成多种纹理结构,为了研究激光加工所得不同纹理结构对材料润湿性的影响,通过纳秒激光加工技术在金属钛表面分别加工直线、网格和点阵的表面纹理结构。采用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测量仪、粗糙度分析仪和X射线光电子能谱分别对激光加工后的钛表面进行表面形貌、接触角、粗糙度与化学成分的表征与分析。结果表明:初经激光纹理加工后试样表面的粗糙度较激光加工前均显著提高,但此时3种纹理结构试样表面接触角均小于90°;随着时间的推移,被加工材料表面化学成分的改变带来了材料表面自由能的变化,进而使被加工表面接触角总体呈现上升趋势;待试样表面化学成分稳定后接触角也基本保持不变,并且对于每种纹理结构而言,其接触角随粗糙度的增加而升高。直线、网格和点阵纹理结构试样表面接触角最终可达157.2°,153.1°和134.6°,从而实现了钛表面润湿性由亲水性向疏水性的转变。     

Durable, high conductivity, superhydrophobicity bamboo timber surface for nanoimprint stamps

Superhydrophobic bamboo timber was fabricated by magnetron sputtering and nanoimprint stamps. Conductive copper film was deposited on the surface of bamboo timber, followed by transferring lotus leaf structure pattern to the Cu-bamboo timber surface. Modified by stearic acid, the as-prepared surface with lotus leaf structure showed superhydrophobic property with the water contact angle of 152°, and the sliding angle was only 5°. The coating showed excellent mechanical resistance, environmental stability and high conductivity. It was expected that this work could promote the applications of superhydrophobic and conductive bamboo products.     

工业化超疏水TiO2涂层的简易制备和性能研究

为探究适合工业化生产用超疏水纳米TiO₂的绿色改性工艺,以饱和脂肪酸A、硅烷B、纳米TiO₂（P25）等为原料制备超疏水TiO₂粉末,与环氧树脂混合后利用喷涂法制备出超疏水涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和接触角分析仪对超疏水粉末和超疏水涂层表面的形貌和疏水性进行了表征。结果表明：超疏水TiO₂粒子表面具有疏水性基团和微-纳米双重粗糙结构,粒子表面的静态水接触角为158°,滚动角为3°;当超疏水TiO₂与环氧树脂的质量比在3.2～3.5时,超疏水涂层既保持超疏水性,又与基底稳固结合,同时具有自清洁性和可修复性。该工艺操作简单方便,成本低,疏水性好,无需特殊设备,工艺环保,适应工业化生产,可用来大面积制备超疏水涂层,拥有较高的商业价值。     

Static and dynamic characterization of droplets on hydrophobic surfaces

We report on our study of the static and dynamic wetting property of hydrophobic surfaces with micro-and dual micro/nano-scale structures.Simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method showed that the apparent contact angle of water droplets on hy-drophobic surfaces with micro-scale structures increases as solid area decreases,whereas dual micro/nano-scale structures not only increase surface hydrophobicity but also greatly stabilize the Cassie state of droplets.Droplets falling on a superhydrophobic surface distort and,depending of free energy,sometimes bounced on the surface before finally adhering to the surface.These phenomena are in agreement with experimental observations.Simulated results also show that micro/nano-scale surface structures can increase droplet rebound height,which depends on static apparent contact angle.     

Chemically robust carbon nanotube – PTFE superhydrophobic thin films with enhanced ability of wear resistance

A chemically robust superhydrophobic nanocomposite thin film with enhanced wear resistance is prepared from a composite comprising polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and carbon nanotubes.The superhydrophobic thin films with hierarchical structure are fabricated by spraying an environmentally friendly aqueous dispersion containing carbon nanotubes and PTFE resin on silicon wafer.Thin films with a contact angle of 154.1°± 2° and a sliding angle less than 2° remain superhydrophobic after abrading over 500 times under a pressure of 50 g/cm~2.The thin film is also extremely stable even under much stress conditions.To further the understanding of the enhancement of wear resistance,we investigated the formation of microsized structure and their effects.The growth of microbumps is caused by attracting solution droplet to the hydrophilic islands on hydrophobic surface.     

木材表面SiO2/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜的构建

【目的】为获得具有良好机械耐磨性的超疏水木材,构建了木材表面SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜。【方法】采用两步法在木材表面构建有机/无机复合超疏水涂层,在木材基底预置透明环氧树脂底层以覆盖木材表面天然微沟槽结构,然后构建SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷(FAS)复合超疏水薄膜。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜以及傅里叶红外光谱仪对超疏水涂层的微观形貌和化学组成进行表征,并测试其疏水、疏油和机械耐磨性能。【结果】木材表面复合超疏水涂层具有精细的微/纳米二元粗糙结构,该结构协同低表面能物质FAS,使木材表面不仅具有良好的超疏水性能(水静态接触角为153°,滚动角低于4°),而且疏油(乙二醇接触角为146°,滚动角低于11°); 经砂纸多次磨擦后木材表面水接触角和滚动角基本不变,超疏水性能保持稳定,超疏水涂层的微纳米结构及疏水物质依然保留,表现出良好的机械耐磨性。【结论】有机/无机复合超疏水涂层体系中,环氧树脂由于黏结作用使得SiO₂纳米粒子与木材基底形成牢固的结合,从而赋予涂层良好的机械稳定性。     

液滴图片数字化引起的超疏表面接触角测量误差模拟研究

液滴在表面上的接触角是衡量表面润湿性能的一个重要指标,近年来在超疏水表面研究领域得到广泛应用。目前接触角测试主要采用座滴法在获取液滴数字图片的基础上对液滴轮廓进行直接测量或拟合得到;数字图片的离散性决定了接触角测试结果具有一定误差这一误差在液滴偏离球冠形状的情况下(例如:超疏水/油表面接触角测量)会变得较为严重。拟采用数值模拟分析方法研究由液滴数字图片决定的超疏水/油表面接触角测量误差随液滴参数和表面性能的变化规律。通过模拟发现,接触角测量误差随着接触角的增大而增大;采用大体积液滴进行测量会带来较大的接触角误差;而密度大或表面张力小的液体带来的误差较太。为实现接触角误差的控制,在采用小体积液滴的同时,可以通过悬滴法进行测试,此时误差可控制在仪器误差限范围之内。     

木材仿生超疏水功能化制备方法

 超疏水表面是一类与水的接触角大于150°且接触角滞后小于10°的固体表面,其在基础研究和工业应用方面具有重大的研究和实用价值。通常情况下,超疏水表面可通过在疏水材料表面构建一定尺寸的粗糙结构或利用低表面能的物质对粗糙表面进行修饰而获得。本文综述木材超疏水表面的制备方法,主要概括了溶胶-凝胶法、水热合成法、湿化学方法、表面涂覆和溶液浸泡法等的应用情况,讨论了超疏水木质基表面研发中存在的问题,探讨了该研究领域的发展趋势。     

Sprayable coating based on fluorinated silica nanocomposites with superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties for advanced concrete

The porous hydrophilic nature of concrete structures makes them highly susceptible to chemical attack and bacterial adhesion, and the durability of concrete structures gradually decreases. In this work, a kind of sprayable coating with superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties was developed, which was used for surface engineering of concrete via the hydrophilic property of concrete and capillary action. The treated surface of concrete exhibited significant superhydrophobicity, with a static water contact angle of 162.4° and a sliding angle of 5°. The water absorption values of the treated concrete samples in merged in deionized water and 3.5 ?wt% NaCl solution for 7 days were measured as 1.85% and 2.71%, indicating the enhancement of water repellency by 72.03% and 80.11%, respectively. The antibacterial characterization revealed that the superhydrophobic coating enabled significantly reduced adhesion of bacteria, with the antibacterial rates of 84.57 ?± ?2.5% for E. coli and 90.43 ?± ?1.6% for S. epidermidis, respectively. The superhydrophobic coating provides hydrophobic protection for porous substrate structures and effectively reduce the corrosion damage of substrate materials, which is of practical significance for improving the durability of concrete structures.     

基于液滴局部轮廓的接触角测量方法

为了实现超疏表面上液滴的接触角测量,提出了基于液滴局部轮廓的接触角测量方法,通过超疏水表面的接触角测量实验对所提出的测量方法进行了验证。结果表明:基于液滴局部轮廓的接触角测量方法能有效稳定地测量出超疏水表面上的液滴接触角值;实施提出的接触角测量方法时需要测量点均布在液滴高度的2/5范围内的液滴轮廓上;基于液滴局部轮廓的接触角测量方法中接触点的选择误差对接触角测量结果的影响是可控的。可见基于液滴局部轮廓的接触角测量方法可用于表征表面的润湿性能。     

接触角测试的量高法的适用范围

量高法是接触角测试的一种简便的测试方法,在工程和研究中得到广泛应用。该方法基于液滴的球形假设,决定其仅有有限的适用范围。通过数值模拟的方法研究量高法所引起的接触角偏差,从而考察量高法的适用范围并给出接触角修正的方法。研究发现:采用量高法计算的接触角与真实接触角有很大的偏差,这种偏差在超疏水表面上的接触角测量中尤为明显,可达20°;偏差范围决定于液滴的性质、表面的润湿性能和液滴的体积,液体表面张力小、接触角大和液滴体积大将导致大的偏差。在超疏水或超疏油表面研究中,为精确表征表面的润湿性能,需要对量高法进行偏差修正,提出了一种用于偏差修正的方法,通过该方法可精确确定出真实接触角。     

Research progress on the ultra hydrophobic surface topography effect

The study on the effect of surface topography on hy- drophobicity involves solid-liquid-gas contact line ef- fect and solid-liquid interphase effect. The former is chiefly related to the wettability of the solid surface, while the latter is mainly concerned with the solid-liquid interface resistance during the process of relative movement. The hydrophobicity or wettability is one of the main characteristics of solid surface, determined by both the chemical components and the microstructures of…     

一步法合成耐久性水基超疏水TiO2/DTMS涂层

为制备具有优异自清洁功能的耐久性水基超疏水涂层，以十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, DTMS)为有机改性物，通过一步法在纳米TiO₂表面嫁接长链烷基官能团得到超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层。分析了TiO₂涂层及TiO₂/DTMS涂层的表面润湿性、形貌和化学组成，并对所得超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层的自清洁性能、机械及化学稳定性进行了测试。结果表明：超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层表面水接触角(water contact angle, WCA)达到159°；以亚甲基蓝粉末作模拟污染物，涂覆有超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层的玻璃具有优异的自清洁性能；经机械磨损(10 min)、酸碱液(pH=1、3、5、7、9、11、13)浸泡、高低温(−20、30、60、90、120、150 ℃)处理后超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层的WCA仍大于150°，表明其具有优异的机械和化学稳定性，可用于室外防污，如建筑物外墙、玻璃、太阳能电池板等。     

Single-step fabrication of bionic-superhydrophobic surface using reciprocating-type high-speed wire cut electrical discharge machining

In this work, bionic-superhydrophobic surfaces on aluminum alloy 5083 are fabricated by reciprocatingtype high-speed wire cut electrical discharge machining based on the hydrophobic property of the rice leaf. Submillimeter-scale rectangular grooves are processed on the surfaces. The superhydrophobic surface has shown a static contact angle of 158°, which is similar to the rice leaf. The morphological features are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, showing that the craters and bumps are uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the rectangular grooves with porous nanostructures. The method proposed in this work has the advantages of using only one step,requiring no further procedure to lower the surface energy and processing a large-area surface efficiently.     

线张力对接触角影响的理论分析

通过引入“线张力”的概念，分别用力学和热力学的方法导出固体表面上液滴平衡时接触角应满足的条件，即对Young方程进行修正．并得到了液滴系统自由能随接触角变化的曲线，从理论上说明在理想固体表面上线张力可以造成液滴接触角的多值现象．结果表明，由液滴形变作用引起的线张力变化是影响接触角测量准确性的一个重要因素．对于深入认识线张力在液滴运动以及滴状冷凝传热过程中的作用有积极意义．