Al2 O3对连铸保护渣中氟浸出的影响

为了消除保护渣在使用过程中氟溶解到水中造成的危害,提出了开发高Al2 O3含量的保护渣.研究了不同含量的Al2 O3对保护渣熔渣水浸液中F-质量浓度和pH值的影响,并利用X射线光电子能谱分析了Al2 O3含量对保护渣熔渣结构的影响.当Al2 O3的质量分数为4%时,保护渣迁移到水中的F-质量浓度为22.8~35.4 mg·L-1,pH值的变化范围为4.0~9.5;当Al2 O3的质量分数由4%增加到34%,F-质量浓度和pH值的变化范围均是先急剧减小后略有增加的趋势. X射线光电子能谱分析显示：增加保护渣中Al2 O3的含量时,保护渣中Al2 O3通过形成Al—F共价键,抑制了氟的浸出.控制保护渣中Al2 O3的质量分数在16%~34%的范围,则实验水样中F-质量浓度在4.0~10.0 mg·L-1的范围,pH值在6.5~7.5的近中性范围,可减弱氟浸出造成的危害.     

低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣生成区域的研究

为了研究性能稳定的低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣,在测试传统的板坯连铸用高氟保护渣(F-≥3%)性能的基础上,采用单纯形法,设计了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-MgO-Li2O-TiO2-Na2O-MnO-B2O3渣系中满足保护渣组成条件的基本实验点.通过逐步固定各组分含量,将多维空间的渣系组成转化为二维平面网格.测试无氟渣样的熔点、黏度、转折温度、玻璃体比例及转折温度时的黏度,并作性能与组成关系的等值线图.通过比较高氟保护渣和无氟渣样性能,确定了碱度、熔点、黏度、转折温度较低,且凝固后呈玻璃体的低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣的三个生成区域,其中之一的典型成分的质量分数范围是:CaO31.2%,SiO236.8%,Al2O33%,Fe2O31%,MgO2%,Li2O2%,TiO26%,Na2O7%～12%,MnO3%～8%,B2O30～3%.     

由氢氧化铬渣制取工业氧化铬产品的工艺

针对氢氧化铬渣进行了无害化处理研究,考察了Na OH质量浓度、液固质量比、浸出温度、搅拌速率、浸出时间等条件对铬渣中Al的脱除率的影响.实验结果显示,在温度为100℃、Na OH质量浓度为150 g/L、液固质量比为7∶1、搅拌速率为400 r/min、浸出时间为3.5 h的条件下,铬渣中Al的浸出率可以达到92.69%.碱浸渣水洗脱碱后,在950℃条件下煅烧90 min,最终得到的产品中氧化铬的含量可达到97.23%,经过CIE L*a*b*表色体系测定,由铬渣制取的氧化铬产品偏绿,适用于工业用途.     

中薄板坯连铸保护渣研究

系统地研究了中薄板坯连铸保护渣的化学成分与理化性能,熔化温度、熔化速度和粘度的关系,探讨了保护渣中的 Al2O3、F-、碳质量分数及碱度的大小对保护渣理化性能的影响,得到了优化的保护渣成分.为开发满足现场工艺要求的中薄板坯连铸保护渣提供理论依据和指导.     

连铸保护渣中氟含量的测定

针对连铸保护渣中氟含量的测定,实验采用了选择性电极测量的方法,该法测量氟离子含量的准确性高,且操作简便.实验通过测量不同pH、温度和熔样熔剂条件下电极电势,讨论了三个单一变量对氟离子选择性电极测量结果的影响,从而得出最佳的测量条件,进一步降低连铸保护渣中氟化物的测定误差,为选择性电极测量法在连铸保护渣中氟含量测定中的应用奠定基础.     

连铸结晶器保护渣熔点影响因素的研究

以生产现场实际使用的连铸结晶器保护渣为研究对象,研究碱度、碱金属氧化物含量、Al2O3含量和F含量对保护渣熔点的影响.结果表明,保护渣熔点随Al2O3含量和碱度增大呈先略微降低后逐渐升高势态,随碱金属氧化物和F含量的增加呈先显著降低后趋于平缓趋势.     

含铝TRIP钢结晶器保护渣黏度特性

含铝TRIP钢钢液中Al易与结晶器保护渣中的SiO2发生氧化-还原反应,使其保护渣中Al2O3的质量分数由3%快速增加到30%左右,w(Al2O3)/w(SiO2)由0.10增加到1.44,导致黏度发生大的波动. 研究了Al2O3含量和w(Al2O3)/w(SiO2)对含铝TRIP钢保护渣黏度的影响,建立了高Al2O3含量保护渣系黏度的计算模型. 结果表明:随着Al2O3质量分数由3%增加到17%,综合碱度R＜1的保护渣黏度先增大再减小,而R≥1的保护渣黏度变化较小;随着Al2O3质量分数由17%增加到30%,保护渣的黏度快速增大;随着w(Al2O3)/w(SiO2)的增大,Al-TRIP钢保护渣的黏度呈现先快速减小而后迅速增大的趋势.     

中薄板坯连铸保护渣研究

系统地研究了中薄板坯连铸保护渣的化学成分与理化性能,熔化温度、熔化速度和粘度的关系,探讨了保护渣中的Al2O3、F-、碳质量分数及碱度的大小对保护渣理化性能的影响,得到了优化的保护渣成分,为开发满足现场工艺要求的中薄板坯连铸保护渣提供理论依据和指导。     

膏体充填用矿渣--钢渣基胶结剂协同固化Pb2+

利用矿渣-钢渣基胶凝材料(简称冶金渣胶凝材料)代替传统充填料中使用的水泥作为胶结剂,掺入含铅尾砂制成胶结充填料试样,通过流动度和抗压强度表征其工作性能,通过Pb2+浸出质量浓度表征其固化效果,通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、差示扫描量热法等手段分析其物相组成,并与P·I 42．5硅酸盐水泥作对比.在相同条件下,冶金渣胶凝材料试样的流动度平均高出水泥50 mm,且28 d强度符合一般矿山3．0 MPa的要求.冶金渣胶凝材料试样28 d龄期铅浸出质量浓度低于地下水环境质量标准Ⅲ类水0．05 mg·L-1的限值,而水泥为0．1 mg·L-1左右.冶金渣固化铅性能优于水泥的机理在于冶金渣胶凝材料水化生成更多钙矾石.此外,冶金渣胶凝材料水化产物可能存在类沸石相,更有利于吸附固化Pb2+.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧底渣在模拟酸雨条件下的浸出规律

生活垃圾焚烧底渣的资源化利用是解决底渣出路的最佳途径.我国大面积的酸雨区域使进入环境的底渣“浸泡”在弱酸性环境中,加速底渣中有毒有害物质在酸雨条件下的浸出浓度.通过模拟酸雨pH值范围,对不同粒径的生活垃圾焚烧底渣进行浸取实验.结果表明:浸出液的平衡pH值随浸取时间增大,而重金属的浸出浓度变化比较复杂.随着浸取时间延长,重金属浸出浓度越来越小.浸出液中不同重金属的浸出浓度差异很大,镉、铬、铜、铅、镍的浸出浓度均低于危险废物鉴别标准-浸出毒性鉴别(GB5058.3-1996)的最低允许值.由于浸取初期重金属的浸出浓度很高,如果底渣未经稳定化处理直接进入环境进行资源化利用将对环境造成二次重金属污染.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-